Rehabilitación neuropsicológica en pacientes con tumores cerebrales

Cognitive deficits are one of the most common symptoms in patients with brain tumors, especially in attention, memory and executive functions. These changes impact negatively on the quality of life of patients and their return to their daily activities. In recent years, they are developing Neuropsychological Rehabilitation programs in adult patients with brain tumors, with positive results.The authors recommend that interventions include psychoeducation techniques, recovery strategies of different attentional and executive processes (planning and organization) and compensatory techniques for memory. The studies published to date show improvement immediately after surgery in attention and memory. However, there are not data exist on the impact of these programs on performance rehabilitation of these patients in the medium and long term (over six months). The future studies need to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in elderly patients with brain tumors, and the results differ depending on the type of tumor and cancer treatments applied, as these two features can significantly affect the data obtained.Los déficits cognitivos son uno de los síntomas más frecuentes en pacientes con tumores cerebrales, principalmente en atención, memoria y funciones ejecutivas. Estas alteraciones impactan de forma negativa en al calidad de vida de los pacientes y en su reincorporación a su funcionamiento diario. En los últimos años se están desarrollando programas de Rehabilitación Neuropsicológica en pacientes adultos con tumores cerebrales, con resultados positivos. Así, los autores recomiendas que las intervenciones incluyan técnicas de psico-educación, estrategias de recuperación de los diferentes procesos atencionales y de ejecutivos (planificación y organización), así como técnicas compensatorias para la memoria. Los trabajos publicados hasta la fecha muestran mejoría inmediatamente después de la intervención en atención y memoria. Sin embargo, no existen datos del impacto de estos programas de Rehabilitación en el rendimiento de estos pacientes a medio y largo plazo (más de seis meses). Futuros estudios necesitan evaluar la eficacia de este tipo de intervención en pacientes mayores con tumores cerebrales, así como diferenciar los resultados en función del tipo de tumor y de los tratamientos oncológicos aplicados, ya que estas dos características pueden afectar de forma significativa a los datos obtenidos

Neuropsychological rehabilitation programs in adult patients with brain tumors.

Cognitive deficits are one of the most common symptoms in patients with brain tumors, especially in attention, memory and executive functions. These changes impact negatively on the quality of life of patients and their return to their daily activities. In recent years, they are developing Neuropsychological Rehabilitation programs in adult patients with brain tumors, with positive results.The authors recommend that interventions include psychoeducation techniques, recovery strategies of different attentional and executive processes (planning and organization) and compensatory techniques for memory. The studies published to date show improvement immediately after surgery in attention and memory. However, there are not data exist on the impact of these programs on performance rehabilitation of these patients in the medium and long term (over six months). The future studies need to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in elderly patients with brain tumors, and the results differ depending on the type of tumor and cancer treatments applied, as these two features can significantly affect the data obtained

Pregnant´s and midwives perception about nutrional councils during pregnancy

Introducción: el estado nutricional previo de la embarazada, la adecuada ganancia de peso y la ingesta de ciertos nutrientes pueden tener una influencia importante tanto para la madre como para el recién nacido, a corto y largo plazo. Las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud son transmitidas durante el control del embarazo por la matrona. Objetivos: analizar los principales estudios sobre la percepción de las embarazadas acerca de los consejos nutricionales recibidos e identificar las estrategias utilizadas por las matronas para su implementación. Metodología: búsqueda bibliográfica sobre embarazadas de bajo riesgo controladas por matronas y que reciben consejos nutricionales realizada en WOS, CINHAL y PubMed. Se utilizaron los descriptores: pregnancy, pregnant, midwife, counselling, nutrition y sus diferentes combinaciones. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos originales y revisiones en inglés, español o portugués de los últimos diez años y disponibles en texto completo. Resultados: se encontraron 184 referencias. Solo 11 tratan el tema abordado. Existen múltiples artículos con consejos nutricionales en el embarazo, pero muy pocos que incluyan estrategias educativas implementadas por las matronas que aborden recomendaciones dietético-nutricionales y su utilidad. Conclusión: existen escasos estudios que investiguen los conocimientos que las matronas tienen sobre nutrición en el embarazo y los consejos que aportan sobre el tema. Igualmente sucede con los trabajos que estudian la percepción que tienen las gestantes sobre los consejos nutricionales recibidos.Background: Women’s nutritional status, the suitable profit of weight and the ingestion of certain nutrients may have an important influence in health both for the mother and newborn in a short and long term. World Health Organization gives a number of nutritional recommendations which are transmitted during the pregnant women antenatal care by their midwives. Objectives: To analyze the main studies on the understanding of the pregnant women about the nutritional received councils and to identify the strategies used by the midwives for theirs implementation. Methodology: Literature review for low risk pregnant’s conducted by midwives and receiving nutritional councils in Web of Science (WOS), CINAHL and PubMed. Using descriptors such as: pregnancy, pregnant, midwife, counselling, nutrition and their different combinations. The criteria incorporation was original article and review written in English, Spanish or Portuguese of last ten years and available in complete. Results: 184 references were found. Finally, only 11 focused on the issue addressed. There are multiple items with nutritional advice in pregnancy but a few that include educational strategies implemented by midwives to address dietary and nutritional recommendations and usefulness. Conclusion: Only a few studies researchs the midwives’ knowledge about nutrition in pregnancy and the councils that they transmit to pregnants. In the same way, not many papers treats the pregnant perception about nutritional councils

Pregnant´s and midwives perception about nutrional councils during pregnancy

Introducción: el estado nutricional previo de la embarazada, la adecuada ganancia de peso y la ingesta de ciertos nutrientes pueden tener una infl uencia importante tanto para la madre como para el recién nacido, a corto y largo plazo. Las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud son transmitidas durante el control del embarazo por la matrona. Objetivos: analizar los principales estudios sobre la percepción de las embarazadas acerca de los consejos nutricionales recibidos e identifi car las estrategias utilizadas por las matronas para su implementación. Metodología: búsqueda bibliográfi ca sobre embarazadas de bajo riesgo controladas por matronas y que reciben consejos nutricionales realizada en WOS, CINHAL y PubMed. Se utilizaron los descriptores: pregnancy, pregnant, midwife, counselling, nutrition y sus diferentes combinaciones. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos originales y revisiones en inglés, español o portugués de los últimos diez años y disponibles en texto completo. Resultados: se encontraron 184 referencias. Solo 11 tratan el tema abordado. Existen múltiples artículos con consejos nutricionales en el embarazo, pero muy pocos que incluyan estrategias educativas implementadas por las matronas que aborden recomendaciones dietéticonutricionales y su utilidad. Conclusión: existen escasos estudios que investiguen los conocimientos que las matronas tienen sobre nutrición en el embarazo y los consejos que aportan sobre el tema. Igualmente sucede con los trabajos que estudian la percepción que tienen las gestantes sobre los consejos nutricionales recibidos. Background: Women’s nutritional status, the suitable profi t of weight and the ingestion of certain nutrients may have an important infl uence in health both for the mother and newborn in a short and long term. World Health Organization gives a number of nutritional recommendations which are transmitted during the pregnant women antenatal care by their midwives. Objectives: To analyze the main studies on the understanding of the pregnant women about the nutritional received councils and to identify the strategies used by the midwives for theirs implementation. Methodology: Literature review for low risk pregnant’s conducted by midwives and receiving nutritional councils in Web of Science (WOS), CINAHL and PubMed. Using descriptors such as: pregnancy, pregnant, midwife, counselling, nutrition and their different combinations. The criteria incorporation was original article and review written in English, Spanish or Portuguese of last ten years and available in complete. Results: 184 references were found. Finally, only 11 focused on the issue addressed. There are multiple items with nutritional advice in pregnancy but a few that include educational strategies implemented by midwives to address dietary and nutritional recommendations and usefulness. Conclusion: Only a few studies researchs the midwives’ knowledge about nutrition in pregnancy and the councils that they transmit to pregnants. In the same way, not many papers treats the pregnant perception about nutritional councils

C/EBPβ Regulates TFAM Expression, Mitochondrial Function and Autophagy in Cellular Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Since there are only symptomatic treatments available, new cellular and molecular targets involved in the onset and progression of this disease are needed to develop effective treatments. CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) transcription factor levels are altered in patients with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that it may be a good therapeutic target for the treatment of PD. A list of genes involved in PD that can be regulated by C/EBPβ was generated by the combination of genetic and in silico data, the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) being among them. In this paper, we observed that C/EBPβ overexpression increased TFAM promoter activity. However, downregulation of C/EBPβ in different PD/neuroinflammation cellular models produced an increase in TFAM levels, together with other mitochondrial markers. This led us to propose an accumulation of non-functional mitochondria possibly due to the alteration of their autophagic degradation in the absence of C/EBPβ. Then, we concluded that C/EBPβ is not only involved in harmful processes occurring in PD, such as inflammation, but is also implicated in mitochondrial function and autophagy in PD-like conditions.This research was supported by the “MINECO” (SAF2017-85199-P to A.P.C.), UCM-Santander (PR44/21-29931 to J.A.M.-G.) and the Health Institute “Carlos III” ( PI18/00118 to E.C. and PI21/00183 to F.B.). CIBERNED is funded by the Health Institute “Carlos III”. F.B. is a Miguel Servet Fellow (CP20/0007)

Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of linoleic acid in models of parkinson’s disease: the implication of lipid droplets and lipophagy

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. The principal pathological feature of PD is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain. This pathology involves several cellular alterations: oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of proteostasis, and autophagy impairment. Moreover, in recent years, lipid metabolism alterations have become relevant in PD pathogeny. The modification of lipid metabolism has become a possible way to treat the disease. Because of this, we analyzed the effect and possible mechanism of action of linoleic acid (LA) on an SH-SY5Y PD cell line model and a PD mouse model, both induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment. The results show that LA acts as a potent neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent in these PD models. We also observed that LA stimulates the biogenesis of lipid droplets and improves the autophagy/lipophagy flux, which resulted in an antioxidant effect in the in vitro PD model. In summary, we confirmed the neuroprotective effect of LA in vitro and in vivo against PD. We also obtained some clues about the novel neuroprotective mechanism of LA against PD through the regulation of lipid droplet dynamics.This research was supported by the Health Institute “Carlos III”-CIBERNED (CB06/05/0041 and 2015/03), “MINECO” (SAF2014-52940-R, SAF2017-85199-P and SAF 2016-78666-R), “Comunidadde Madrid” (PEJ-2019-AI/SAL-12877), “Erasmus+ funding programme”, UCM-Santander (PR44/21-29931 to J.A.M.-G.), and partially supported by “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional” (FEDER) from the European Union

Insights Into the Effect of Verticillium dahliae Defoliating-Pathotype Infection on the Content of Phenolic and Volatile Compounds Related to the Sensory Properties of Virgin Olive Oil

Verticillium wilt, caused by the defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae, is the most devastating soil-borne fungal disease of olive trees, and leads to low yields and high rates of tree mortality in highly susceptible cultivars. The disease is widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean olive-growing region and is one of the major limiting factors of olive oil production. Other than effects on crop yield, little is known about the effect of the disease on the content of volatile compounds and phenolics that are produced during the oil extraction process and determine virgin olive oil (VOO) quality and commercial value. Here, we aim to study the effect of Verticillium wilt of the olive tree on the content of phenolic and volatile compounds related to the sensory properties of VOO. Results showed that synthesis of six and five straight-chain carbon volatile compounds were higher and lower, respectively, in oils extracted from infected trees. Pathogen infection affected volatile compounds known to be contributors to VOO aroma: average content of one of the main positive contributors to VOO aroma, (E)-hex-2-enal, was 38% higher in oils extracted from infected trees, whereas average content of the main unpleasant volatile compound, pent-1-en-3-one, was almost 50% lower. In contrast, there was a clear effect of pathogen infection on the content of compounds responsible for VOO taste, where average content of the main bitterness contributor, oleuropein aglycone, was 18% lower in oil extracted from infected plants, and content of oleocanthal, the main contributor to pungency, was 26% lower. We believe this is the first evidence of the effect of Verticillium wilt infection of olive trees on volatile compounds and phenolics that are responsible of the aroma, taste, and commercial value of VOO

Radon (222Rn) outgassing in San Juan volcanic tubes during the Cumbre Vieja eruption 2021, and preliminary values in the newly volcanic tubes.

During the eruption at Cumbre Vieja ridge (La Palma, Canary Islands, 2021) a radon (222Rn) detector (CORENTIUM Pro alpha particles counter) was emplaced inside the Las Palomas lava tube (San Juan eruption, 1949). In addition, a CO2 meter logger was emplaced to determine relationships between the 2021 eruption and radon plus CO2 inner fluxes. There is a geostructural relationship between the 1949 and 2021 eruptions, probably connected by a previous fault, shown the volcanic vents¿ alignment trending NW-SE. In October 2021, the radon and CO2 loggers were moved to the upper part of the lava tube, in the San Juan volcanic vent (Llano del Banco hollow dyke). Once the eruption ended (in early 2022) both loggers were placed in one newly formed lava tube, and data will be collected in February 2023. Preliminary results show daily average radon values ranging between 2 - 9 Bq/m3, although sporadic peaks of about 270 and 650 Bq/m3 were recorded related to volcano-tectonic earthquakes and volcanic intensity. In general, basaltic eruptions of alkaline affinity show low radon values due to the low concentration in the magma body of uranium and related chemical elements (Th, Ra, etc.). Geochemical analysis of emitted lavas shows a U concentration of about 1 to 5 ppm (g/g) and Th 9.5 ppm. Summer values of Rn increased up to 3 KBq/m3, related to the climate conditions instead of volcanic activity

pTINCR microprotein promotes epithelial differentiation and suppresses tumor growth through CDC42 SUMOylation and activation

Cancer; Mechanisms of diseaseCàncer; Mecanismes de la malaltiaCáncer; Mecanismos de la enfermedadThe human transcriptome contains thousands of small open reading frames (sORFs) that encode microproteins whose functions remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that TINCR lncRNA encodes pTINCR, an evolutionary conserved ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) expressed in many epithelia and upregulated upon differentiation and under cellular stress. By gain- and loss-of-function studies, we demonstrate that pTINCR is a key inducer of epithelial differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, low expression of TINCR associates with worse prognosis in several epithelial cancers, and pTINCR overexpression reduces malignancy in patient-derived xenografts. At the molecular level, pTINCR binds to SUMO through its SUMO interacting motif (SIM) and to CDC42, a Rho-GTPase critical for actin cytoskeleton remodeling and epithelial differentiation. Moreover, pTINCR increases CDC42 SUMOylation and promotes its activation, triggering a pro-differentiation cascade. Our findings suggest that the microproteome is a source of new regulators of cell identity relevant for cancer.Work in the Abad lab is supported by VHIO, Fero Foundation, La Caixa Foundation, Asociación Española Contra el Cancer (AECC), La Mutua Foundation and by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2015-69413-R; RTI2018-102046-B-I00). M.A. was recipient of a Ramón y Cajal contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2013-14747). O.B. is recipient of a FPI-AGAUR fellowship from Generalitat de Catalunya. We also acknowledge funding from grant PGC2018-094091-B-I00 from the Spanish Government