Reinforcing writing in EFL through the implementation of PPP

La forma en que un maestro desarrolla su clase es uno de los factores que desempeña un papel fundamental en cualquier proceso educativo, elegir cuál es el más apropiado para un contexto específico implica un arduo proceso de investigación y, por lo tanto, tiempo suficiente para llevarlo a cabo. Durante el desarrollo de este proyecto de investigación, decidimos implementar una investigación de acción con la que buscamos identificar cómo el modelo de enseñanza de idiomas conocido como Presentación, Práctica y Producción (en adelante PPP) podría reforzar las habilidades de escritura de alumnos de séptimo grado en un colegio público. Es importante resaltar que PPP es un modelo que brinda a los estudiantes la oportunidad de aproximarse al conocimiento de manera secuencial. Es por eso que encontramos este modelo bastante útil, ya que permite a los estudiantes consolidar el conocimiento a través de una fase de práctica guiada, y luego pueden demostrar el aprendizaje a través de la tercera P (producción). Además, es relevante mencionar que la P de producción se puede evidenciar a través de la capacidad de hablar y escribir, aunque en este estudio se evaluó a través de la habilidad escrita porque es la más apropiada para evidenciar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes durante esta investigación. Adicionalmente, este modelo da cierta libertad a los maestros para que puedan presentar el tema, permitiéndoles usar un enfoque explícito o implícito para enseñar gramática o incluso una mezcla de ellos. Los resultados de este proceso de investigación mostraron que los estudiantes tuvieron un progreso significativo en las tres fases de implementación de este modelo, lo que les permitió resolver dudas antes de enfrentar la última fase del modelo. Con respecto a la forma en que se presentaron los temas, también fue evidente que la forma explícita parece ser una buena opción al implementar PPP en el aula.The way in which a teacher develops their class is one of the factors that plays a fundamental role in any educational process, choosing which one is the most appropriate for a specific context implies an arduous research process and therefore, sufficient time to carry it out. During the development of this research project, we decided to implement an action research with which we sought to identify how the language teaching model known as Presentation, Practice and Production (henceforth PPP) could reinforce a group of 7th graders’ writing skill at a public school. It is important to highlight that PPP is a model that gives students the opportunity to approach knowledge in a sequential way. That is why we found this model quite useful, since it allows students to consolidate knowledge through a guided practice phase, and then they can demonstrate the learning through the third P (production). Furthermore, it is relevant to mention that the P of production can be evidenced through the speaking and writing ability, even though, in this study it was assessed through the written skill because this is the most appropriate for evidencing the learning of students during this research project. Additionally, this model gives certain freedom to teachers so they can present the topic, allowing them to use an explicit or implicit approach to teach grammar or even a mixture of them. The findings of this research process showed that the students had significant progress in the three phases of implementation of this model, allowing them to solve doubts before facing the last phase of the model. Regarding the way in which the topics were presented, it was also evident that the explicit form seems to be a good option when implementing PPP in the classroom

Reinforcing writing in EFL through the implementation of PPP

La forma en que un maestro desarrolla su clase es uno de los factores que desempeña un papel fundamental en cualquier proceso educativo, elegir cuál es el más apropiado para un contexto específico implica un arduo proceso de investigación y, por lo tanto, tiempo suficiente para llevarlo a cabo. Durante el desarrollo de este proyecto de investigación, decidimos implementar una investigación de acción con la que buscamos identificar cómo el modelo de enseñanza de idiomas conocido como Presentación, Práctica y Producción (en adelante PPP) podría reforzar las habilidades de escritura de alumnos de séptimo grado en un colegio público. Es importante resaltar que PPP es un modelo que brinda a los estudiantes la oportunidad de aproximarse al conocimiento de manera secuencial. Es por eso que encontramos este modelo bastante útil, ya que permite a los estudiantes consolidar el conocimiento a través de una fase de práctica guiada, y luego pueden demostrar el aprendizaje a través de la tercera P (producción). Además, es relevante mencionar que la P de producción se puede evidenciar a través de la capacidad de hablar y escribir, aunque en este estudio se evaluó a través de la habilidad escrita porque es la más apropiada para evidenciar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes durante esta investigación. Adicionalmente, este modelo da cierta libertad a los maestros para que puedan presentar el tema, permitiéndoles usar un enfoque explícito o implícito para enseñar gramática o incluso una mezcla de ellos. Los resultados de este proceso de investigación mostraron que los estudiantes tuvieron un progreso significativo en las tres fases de implementación de este modelo, lo que les permitió resolver dudas antes de enfrentar la última fase del modelo. Con respecto a la forma en que se presentaron los temas, también fue evidente que la forma explícita parece ser una buena opción al implementar PPP en el aula.The way in which a teacher develops their class is one of the factors that plays a fundamental role in any educational process, choosing which one is the most appropriate for a specific context implies an arduous research process and therefore, sufficient time to carry it out. During the development of this research project, we decided to implement an action research with which we sought to identify how the language teaching model known as Presentation, Practice and Production (henceforth PPP) could reinforce a group of 7th graders’ writing skill at a public school. It is important to highlight that PPP is a model that gives students the opportunity to approach knowledge in a sequential way. That is why we found this model quite useful, since it allows students to consolidate knowledge through a guided practice phase, and then they can demonstrate the learning through the third P (production). Furthermore, it is relevant to mention that the P of production can be evidenced through the speaking and writing ability, even though, in this study it was assessed through the written skill because this is the most appropriate for evidencing the learning of students during this research project. Additionally, this model gives certain freedom to teachers so they can present the topic, allowing them to use an explicit or implicit approach to teach grammar or even a mixture of them. The findings of this research process showed that the students had significant progress in the three phases of implementation of this model, allowing them to solve doubts before facing the last phase of the model. Regarding the way in which the topics were presented, it was also evident that the explicit form seems to be a good option when implementing PPP in the classroom

Measles Aerosol Vaccine Project

AbstractAerosol delivery of measles vaccine to the respiratory mucosa, mimicking the natural route of transmission for measles virus, is the most promising non-injectable method of measles vaccination studied so far. A phase II/III study is underway in India to confirm that its efficacy is equivalent to that of existing routes of administration. Studies suggest aerosolized measles vaccine appears to be equally or more immunogenic than subcutaneous vaccine in children 9 months and older. Aerosol delivery devices are available or being developed, and could be used by lay people with limited training, and would avoid issues of injection safety. Measles vaccine is not licensed for respiratory administration. Administration of the current measles vaccine via the respiratory route is being comprehensively studied to achieve licensure for international use under the auspices of the WHO's Measles Aerosol Project. The most suitable aerosol administration device for use in low resource environments is being evaluated in such studies

Factors associated with different patterns of weight change after bariatric surgery : a longitudinal study

Q4Q2Pacientes con Cirugía bariátricaBackground: The mean weight loss (WL) after successful bariatric surgery is approximately one third of the initial body weight, which is mainly achieved between the first 2 years of follow-up. However, 15%–35% of patients do not achieve a significant percentage of total WL (%TWL). Information on factors associated with a higher or lower WL after bariatric surgery is limited. This study aimed to assess the change in %TWL and describe the factors associated with greater or lesser WL over time. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included patients treated with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. Baseline data were recorded before surgery. Follow-up was performed at 3 (n = 141), 6 (n = 208), 9 (n = 115), 12 (n = 216), 24 (n = 166), and 36 months (n = 99). Generalized estimating equation analysis was performed to assess the changes in %TWL over time and factors associated with different patterns of WL. Results: In total, 231 patients were included (women, 82.2%; basal body mass index (BMI) 41.4 ± 5.1 kg/m2). The tendencies to increase %TWL (32 ± 6.5) were evident in the first year and stabilized thereafter. Sustained nutritionist follow-up (2.3%, p = 0.004), baseline BMI >40 kg/m2 (0.4%, p 30 min/day after surgery reduced their %TWL by 0.6% (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Modifiable factors such as nutritional monitoring and WL before surgery are associated with a significant increase in %TWL over time. Basal BMI was associated with a significant decrease in %TWL.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1353-148Xhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-3470https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5401-0018https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-8607https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-8906https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-2396https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1982-9161Revista Internacional - IndexadaA2N

COVID-19 vaccine trials should seek worthwhile efficacy.

No Abstrac

Impact of exercise on glucose in patients with type 1 diabetes who use a hybrid closed-loop system with the use of a temporary objective

Contexto: el consenso sobre el manejo del ejercicio para los pacientes con diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) no incluye recomendaciones para pacientes usuarios de sistemas híbridos de asa cerrada (SHAC). Objetivo: describir en pacientes con DM1, usuarios de SHAC con uso de objetivo temporal, el comportamiento de la glucosa intersticial durante ejercicio aeróbico (EA) y de resistencia (ER). Metodología: estudio piloto descriptivo en el cual se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años tratados con SHAC. Se registraron datos demográficos basales y se programaron sesiones de actividad física de EA de intensidad moderada y ER de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del consenso. En ambas sesiones se indicó uso del objetivo temporal 60 minutos antes y medir la glucosa capilar durante la actividad física (basal, 15, 30, 45 y 60 minutos). Al finalizar las sesiones de ejercicio se descargaron los datos del dispositivo. Resultados: se incluyeron 10 pacientes (80 % mujeres, edad promedio 41,1 ± 11,8 años) con TIR entre 70-180 mg/dl > 90 %. Durante el EA, el promedio de glucosa basal, 15, 13, 45 y 60 minutos fue de 147,1 ± 24,1 mg/dl, 131,4 ± 15,5 mg/dl, 131,4 ± 15,5 mg/dl, 107,9 ± 17 mg/dl y 101,3 ± 19,5 mg/dl, p < 0,05, respectivamente. Durante el ER no se observaron cambios significativos con respecto a la glucosa basal y 36 horas posterior a la actividad física se presentaron 2,75 eventos de hipoglucemia nivel 1, sin hipoglucemia severa. Conclusiones: el EA disminuye los niveles de glucosa de forma temprana y significativa, mientras que en el ER los niveles de glucosa permanecen estables. Los datos reportados en este estudio sugieren que el uso de SCHA es seguro si se siguen las pautas del consenso y se programa el objetivo temporal.Pacientes con Diabetes tipo 1Introduction: The consensus on exercise management for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) does not include recommendations for patients using hybrid closed loop (HCL) systems. Objective: to describe the behavior of interstitial glucose during aerobic exercise (AE) and resistance exercise (RE) in patients with T1D users of HCL systems. Methodology: Observational pilot study. Patients >18 years of age treated with HCL system were included. Baseline demographic data was recorded and moderate intensity AE and RE physical activity sessions were scheduled according to the consensus recommendations. In both sessions, it was indicated to use a temporary goal 60 minutes before and to measure capillary glucose during physical activity (baseline, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes). At the end of the exercise sessions, the data was downloaded from the device. Results: 10 patients were included (80% women, mean age 41.1±11.8 years) with an TIR between 70-180 mg/dl >90%. During EA the mean basal glucose, 15,13,45 and 60 minutes were 147.1±24.1mg/dl, 131.4±15.5mg/dl, 131.4±15.5mg/dl, 107.9±17mg/dl and 101.3±19.5mg/dl, p <0.05, respectively. During the ER no significant changes were observed with respect to basal glucose. 36 hours after physical activity, there were 2.75 level 1 hypoglycemic events, without severe hypoglycemia. Conclusions: EA lowers glucose levels early and significantly, while ER glucose levels remain stable. The data reported in this study suggest that the use of SCHA following the consensus guidelines and programming the time goal is safe.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-3470https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1353-148Xhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-016Xhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-5342https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5401-0018Revista Nacional - No indexadaN

Diagnóstico financiero de la empresa the walt disney

El presente trabajo de investigación consiste en realizar un análisis financiero a la compañía Walt Disney a través de la revelación de la información financiera de los años 2019,2020 y 2021 con el propósito de identificar las principales variaciones de la compañía. El problema de investigación es interpretar cuál es la situación financiera en cuanta liquidez, endeudamiento, rentabilidad y la destinación de los recursos por lo que su estudio es principalmente cuantitativo obteniendo información de distintas fuentes como documentos internos, tesis y otra información de alcance cualitativo con el fin desarrollar un diagnostico global, teniendo como base los elementos para identificar algunas variables claves para su comprensión. Finalmente se proponen las recomendaciones pertinentes en aras de obtener mejores beneficios.The present research work consists of carrying out a financial analysis of the Walt Disney Company through the disclosure of financial information for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 with the purpose of identifying the main variations of the company. The research problem is to interpret what the financial situation is in terms of liquidity, indebtedness, profitability and the allocation of resources, so its study is mainly quantitative, obtaining information from different sources such as internal documents, these and other qualitative information with the in order to develop a global diagnosis, based on the elements to identify some key variables for its understanding. Finally, the pertinent recommendations are proposed in order to obtain better benefits

Clinical factors associated with high glycemic variability defined by coefficient of variation in patients with type 2 diabetes

Antecedentes: La Variabilidad Glucémica Alta (VHG) ha convertirse en un predictor más fuerte de hipoglucemia. Sin embargo, aún se desconocen los factores clínicos asociados con el VHG. Objetivo:Determinar las variables clínicas que se asociaron con un coeficiente de variación (CV) superior al 36% evaluado mediante monitorización continua de glucosa (MCG) en un grupo de pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Se evaluó una cohorte de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (T2D). Se evaluaron variables demográficas, HbA1c, tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) y régimen de tratamiento. Se realizó un análisis bivariado, para evaluar la asociación entre la variable resultado (CV > 36%) y cada una de las variables independientes. Se construyó un modelo multivariado para evaluar las asociaciones después de controlar las variables de confusión. Resultados:Se analizaron los datos de MCG de 274 pacientes. CV> 36% estuvo presente en 56 pacientes (20,4%). En el análisis bivariado se incluyeron variables demográficas y clínicas, como tiempo desde el diagnóstico, antecedente de hipoglucemia, A1c, FG y tratamiento instaurado. En el análisis multivariante, FG 9% (OR 2,81; IC 1,05,7,51; p:0,04) y antecedentes de hipoglucemia (OR 2,09; IC 1,02, 4,32; p: 0,04) se asociaron con VHG. El tratamiento con iDPP4 (OR 0,39; IC 0,19, 0,82; p: 0,01) y AGLP1 (OR 0,08; IC 0,01, 0,68; p: 0,02) se asoció inversamente con la VG. Conclusión:Variables clínicas como FG 9% y antecedentes de hipoglucemia se asocian a un VG alto. Nuestros datos sugieren que el uso de tecnología y tratamientos capaces de reducir la variabilidad glucémica podría ser útil en esta población para reducir el riesgo de hipoglucemia y mejorar el control glucémico.Q3Background: High glycemic Variability (HGV) has become a stronger predictor of hypoglycemia. However, clinical factors associate with HGV still are unknown. Objective: To determine clinical variables that were associated with a coefficient of variation (CV) above 36% evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a group of patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) was evaluated. Demographic variables, HbA1c, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and treatment regimen were assessed. A bivariate analysis was performed, to evaluate the association between the outcome variable (CV> 36%) and each of the independent variables. A multivariate model was constructed to evaluate associations after controlling for confounding variables. Results: CGM data from 274 patients were analyzed. CV> 36% was present in 56 patients (20.4%). In the bivariate analysis, demographic and clinical variables were included, such as time since diagnosis, hypoglycemia history, A1c, GFR and treatment established. In the multivariate analysis, GFR 9% (OR 2.81; CI 1.05,7.51; p:0.04) and hypoglycemia history (OR 2.09; CI 1.02,4.32; p:0.04) were associated with HGV. Treatment with iDPP4 (OR 0.39; CI 0.19,0.82; p:0.01) and AGLP1 (OR 0.08; CI 0.01,0.68; p:0.02) was inversely associated with GV. Conclusion: Clinical variables such as GFR 9% and a history of hypoglycemia are associated with a high GV. Our data suggest that the use of technology and treatments able to reduce glycemic variability could be useful in this population to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia and to improve glycemic control.Revista Internacional - Indexad