Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e papilionoidea) de fragmentos de floresta ombrófila mista, rio grande do sul, Brazil

The landscape of Campos de Cima da Serra region, at North of Rio Grande do Sul State, is fragmented and its biodiversity threatened due the impact of human activities. This study investigated the butterfly fauna in fragments of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest native vegetation (VN) and anthropic area (AA) at Soledade and Mormaço municipalities. 1,181 butterflies were registered and distributed in 125 species, after 108 net-hours through active search sampling with entomological net. VN registered 72 species and 470 individuals, while AA had 89 and 711, respectively. Heliconius erato phyllis (Fabricius, 1775), Biblis hyperia nectanabis (Fruhstorfer, 1909) and Dryas iulia alcionea (Cramer, 1779) were the three most abundant species in general and in AA, while Strephonota elika (Hewitson, 1867), H. erato phyllis and Morpho helenor achillides C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 were the most abundant in VN. Thirty-three species are considered new records for Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in Rio Grande do Sul State. The results show the contribution of butterfly rapid inventories as source of subsidies to biodiversity conservation

Uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre o tratamento da esclerose múltipla

The work addresses multiple sclerosis (MS) as a complex disease of the central nervous system, discussing the interaction between inflammatory processes, demyelination, and neuroaxonal degeneration. It emphasizes the importance of immune cells in penetrating the blood-brain barrier and forming demyelinating lesions. While treatments for the relapsing form of MS are effective, options for the non-relapsing progressive form are limited. Through a meticulous review of the literature, various therapeutic approaches are presented, including natural substances, modification of the intestinal microbiome, rehabilitation therapy, and new pharmacological therapies such as BTK inhibitors and ocrelizumab. Challenges such as managing fatigue, treating patients with concomitant diseases and the elderly, as well as issues related to reproductive health, are highlighted. The study underscores the need for a multidisciplinary and personalized approach, recognizing the complexity of MS and the ongoing importance of research to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients.O trabalho aborda a esclerose múltipla (EM) como uma doença complexa do sistema nervoso central, discutindo a interação entre processos inflamatórios, desmielinização e degeneração neuroaxonal. Destaca-se a importância das células imunes na penetração da barreira hematoencefálica e na formação de lesões desmielinizantes. Enquanto os tratamentos para a forma recidivante da EM são eficazes, as opções para a forma progressiva não recidivante são limitadas. Com uma revisão meticulosa da literatura, são apresentadas diversas abordagens terapêuticas, incluindo substâncias naturais, modificação do microbioma intestinal, terapia de reabilitação e novas terapias farmacológicas, como os inibidores de BTK e o ocrelizumabe. São destacados desafios como a gestão da fadiga, tratamento em pacientes com doenças concomitantes e idosos, além de questões relacionadas à saúde reprodutiva. O estudo ressalta a necessidade de uma abordagem multidisciplinar e personalizada, reconhecendo a complexidade da EM e a importância contínua da pesquisa para melhorar os resultados e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes

EFEITOS CARCINOGÊNICOS E MUTAGÊNICOS DO CONSUMO DE ÁLCOOL SOBRE O TRATO GASTROINTESTINAL SUPERIOR: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Introduction and objective: This article is a literature review that aims to discuss the relationship between excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and the fact that it increases the chances of developing cancer of the mouth, pharynx and larynx when compared to the normal population. . Associated with this, the antioxidant effects of wine as a prevention of this type of cancer are cited; however, in general, there is no scientific evidence regarding this statement. Discussion: Cancer being the result of genetic modifications, which cause uncontrolled proliferation, differentiation and cell death, depends on initiating or mutagenic effects, such as chemical substances. Therefore, alcohol and its influence on carcinogenesis varies depending on the type and consumption of alcoholic beverages and worsens when associated with other habits. However, the total amount of alcohol consumed and the duration of this habit are more significant than the type of drink that was consumed. Methods: A bibliographical survey was carried out in the Scielo, PubMed, NCBI, Revista Arquivos Médicos do ABC and Europe PMC databases. The keywords “alcohol”, “cancer”, “neoplasms”, “upper gastrointestinal tract”, “alcoholism”, “oral cavity” and “upper digestive” were used. 9 articles were selected and after reading the entire body of the text, only 7 addressed the topic. Results: The literature indicates that, according to the analysis of meta-nucleated cells from alcoholics with oral carcinomas, alcohol is more associated with tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Furthermore, alcohol can influence proliferative cells via intracellular and intercellular pathways, which causes carcinogenic exposure of proliferating stem cells in the basal layer. Final considerations: The association of cancer in the upper gastrointestinal tract has been studied in recent years and it has been proven that the risks increase due to the association with smoking, poor oral hygiene, immunological and nutritional disorders.O presente artigo é uma revisão de literatura que tem como objetivo discutir a relação entre o consumo excessivo de bebidas alcoólicas e o fato da mesma aumentar as chances de desenvolvimento de câncer de boca, faringe e laringe quando comparada com a população normal. Associado a isso, os efeitos antioxidantes do vinho como prevenção desse tipo de câncer são citados; todavia, de modo geral, não existem comprovações científicas a respeito dessa afirmativa.  Discussão: O câncer sendo o resultado de modificações genéticas, que ocasionam descontrole de proliferação, diferenciação e morte celular, depende de efeitos iniciadores ou mutagênicos, como substâncias químicas. Logo, o álcool e sua influência sobre a carcinogênese varia conforme a tipo e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e se agrava quando associado à outros hábitos. Entretanto, a quantidade total de álcool ingerida e a duração desse hábito, são mais significativas do que o tipo da bebida que foi consumida. Métodos: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados do Scielo, PubMed, NCBI, Revista Arquivos Médicos do ABC e Europe PMC. Foram utilizadas as palavras chaves “álcool”, “câncer”, “neoplasias”, “trato gastrointestinal superior”, “alcoolismo”, “cavidade oral” e “digestório superior”. Foram selecionados 9 artigos e após a leitura de todo o corpo do texto apenas 7 abordavam o tema. Resultados: As literaturas apontam que segundo a análise de células meta-nucleadas de alcoólicos portadores de carcinomas orais, que o álcool está mais associado a tumores de cavidade oral, faringe, laringe e esofago. Além disso, o álcool pode influenciar as células proliferativas pelas vias intracelular e intercelular o que causa a exposição carcinogênica das células-tronco proliferantes na camada basal. Considerações finais: A associação do câncer no trato gastrointestinal superior tem sido estudada nos últimos anos e foi comprovado que os riscos aumentam devido a associação  com o tabagismo, má higiene oral, distúrbios imunológicos e nutricionais

Análise comparativa das abordagens cirúrgicas no tratamento de cardiopatias

Em análise a evolução histórica e as inovações na cirurgia cardíaca, este estudo objetiva analisar comparativamente as abordagens cirúrgicas no tratamento de cardiopatias, destacando a transição das técnicas tradicionais de cirurgia aberta para métodos minimamente invasivos como a videolaparoscopia e a cirurgia robótica. Para tanto, procede-se à uma revisão narrativa da literatura, explorando uma gama extensiva de estudos e relatos científicos que ilustram os avanços tecnológicos e seus impactos nos resultados clínicos. Desse modo, observa-se que as técnicas minimamente invasivas oferecem benefícios substanciais, como redução no tempo de recuperação, diminuição do trauma cirúrgico, e menores taxas de complicações e mortalidade perioperatória em comparação com a cirurgia aberta. Estes resultados permitem concluir que a cirurgia minimamente invasiva representa um avanço significativo na prática cardiológica, proporcionando procedimentos mais seguros e eficazes, com menor impacto para os pacientes e melhores prognósticos a longo prazo. Para futuras pesquisas, sugere-se o aprofundamento na análise dos resultados a longo prazo e na integração de novas tecnologias, como inteligência artificial e realidade aumentada, para otimizar ainda mais as práticas cirúrgicas e expandir as possibilidades de tratamento das cardiopatias

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Perspectivas emergentes no diagnóstico e manejo da dengue: Uma revisão sistemática

This systematic review offers insights into the evolving perspectives regarding the diagnosis and management of dengue fever. The introduction provides an overview of the disease, highlighting its global impact and the necessity for effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The methodology section outlines the systematic approach employed in conducting the review, including search strategies and criteria for inclusion of studies. Results encompass recent advancements in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the importance of early detection and multidisciplinary approaches. Finally, the discussion synthesizes current evidence, explores potential future directions in dengue research and clinical practice, and underscores the significance of implementing evidence-based strategies for combating the disease.Esta revisão sistemática oferece uma visão das perspectivas em evolução no que se refere ao diagnóstico e manejo da dengue. A introdução fornece uma visão geral da doença, destacando seu impacto global e a necessidade de abordagens diagnósticas e terapêuticas eficazes. A metodologia descreve a abordagem sistemática empregada na condução da revisão, incluindo estratégias de busca e critérios de inclusão de estudos. Os resultados abrangem avanços recentes em técnicas de diagnóstico e estratégias terapêuticas, enfatizando a importância da detecção precoce e abordagens multidisciplinares. Por fim, a discussão sintetiza as evidências atuais, explora possíveis direções futuras na pesquisa e prática clínica da dengue, e destaca a importância da implementação de estratégias baseadas em evidências para combater a doença

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio