Turmeric - Its Applications in Dentistry

Turmeric is known to be one of the oldest spices that have been used for thousands of years and is a major part of Ayurvedic medicine. Curcumin, which comprises 0.3-5.4% of raw turmeric, is its best researched active constituent which is nontoxic and has a variety of therapeutic applications including its usage in dentistry. The aim of this article is to explore various dental applications of turmeric as there is scarcity of information and research in this field

Miscarriage and early first trimester growth restriction by ultrasound

Background: Concern about the possibility of spontaneous miscarriage is one of the most common reasons women seek evaluation in the emergency department during their first trimester. According to the obstetrics and gynecology literature, it is estimated that 20% to 25% of all clinically recognized pregnancies result in spontaneous miscarriage. The objective of the study is to examine with whether viable early pregnancies that subsequently end in miscarriage exhibit evidence of first-trimester growth restriction. The prospective cohort study design used for this purpose with setting of Antenatal clinic of a teaching hospital. Women attending the clinic between 5 and 10 weeks of gestation took part in the study.Methods: Women with spontaneously conceived intrauterine, viable singleton pregnancies with certain last menstrual period and regular cycles were included. The deviation between the observed and expected crown-rump length (CRL) for gestation was calculated and expressed as a z-score. Pregnancies were followed up until 11-14 weeks, and the deviation between those that remained viable and miscarried subsequently was calculated. Viability at 11-14 weeks was measured.Results: Over 12 months, 320 women met the inclusion criteria. Twenty women were excluded. Of the remaining 300, the pregnancy remained viable in 248 (82.6%) and 52 (17.4%) suffered a miscarriage. At the first transvaginal ultrasound, the z score of the mean measured CRL for pregnancies that remained viable was -0.69 while in pregnancies that subsequently miscarried the z-score was -2.95 and the CRL was significantly smaller (P < 0.048). In the latter group, the initial CRL was below the expected mean for gestational age in all women.Conclusions: CRL was significantly smaller in pregnancies that subsequently ended in miscarriage. This suggests that early first trimester growth restriction is associated with subsequent intrauterine death

Analysis of clinical profile of women presenting with pyrexia in pregnancy

Background: Pyrexia in pregnancy is major public health problem in India. Pyrexia in pregnancy is associated with resorption of the embryo, foetal deaths and potentially lethal malformations such as central nervous system defects, abdominal-wall defects, and cardiovascular malformations. This study was carried out to analyse clinical profile of women presenting with pyrexia during pregnancy.Methods: After approval by institutional ethical committee the prospective case control study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur (M.P.) from 1st June 2012 to 31st October 2013. Total 100 antenatal women with pyrexia taken as cases and 50 antenatal women without pyrexia taken as control were included and analyzed in this study. In women fulfilling inclusion criteria detailed history was taken and documented in proforma. Required investigations were sent to the department of pathology and virology laboratory of Indian Council of Medical Research, Jabalpur. Results were analyzed statistically by using t test and chi square test.Results: On analysis of clinical symptoms pyrexia, cough, malaise, rash, headache, nausea and vomiting, joint pain, anorexia, breathlessness and burning and frequency of micturition were significantly higher in cases as compare to control. Viral pathogens were responsible for most of the cases of pyrexia in pregnancy.Conclusions: Pyrexia in pregnancy is a high-risk situation, early identification and prompt treatment will reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with pyrexia in pregnancy

Supernumerary Teeth in Indian Children: A Survey of 300 Cases

The aim of this investigation was to study children with supernumerary teeth who visited the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Rohtak, Haryana, India. Only children with supernumerary teeth were included in the study while patients having supernumerary teeth with associated syndromes were excluded. Supernumeraries were detected by clinical and radiographic examination. The results indicated that males were affected more than females with a sex ratio of 2.9 : 1. Single supernumerary tooth was seen in 79% of the patients, 20% had double, and 1% had three or more supernumeraries. Premaxillary supernumeraries accounted for 93.8% of the cases. Conical shaped supernumerary teeth were the most common type (59.7%). Majority of supernumeraries remained unerupted (65%). Fusion of supernumerary tooth with a regular tooth was observed in 4% of the patients. Talon cusp, an associated dental anomaly, was seen in 5% of the cases. Simultaneous hypodontia occurred in 2.3% of patients with supernumeraries

Effect of oral contraceptives on tear film in reproductive age group women

Background: According to WHO 2009, 60-70% women use one of the method of contraception. 8.8% to 15.4% women use oral contraceptives. Objective of present study was to investigate the effect of oral contraceptives on androgen profile and tear film parameters in females within child bearing age.Methods: Present study involve 100 healthy women between 20-45 years, who presented in family planning clinic. Two groups were made according to the use of oral contraceptive pills. Study group consist of 50 women who were on OCPs (Oral contraception pills) and 50 as control group were not taking any hormonal contraceptives. Serum testosterone and DHEA levels of all subjects was done by Enzyme Immuno Assay on blood samples which were collected during 3th to 7th day of menstrual cycle. Quantitative test for tear secretion was done by Schirmer’s test. Stability of tear film was measured by Tear Breakup time (TBUT). Statistical analysis was done to determine the correlation between use of OCPs and androgen profile and tear film parameters.Results: Present results shows decreased androgen levels in women taking oral contraceptives as compared with age matched women who were not taking oral contraceptives. Tear secretion was significantly reduced in study group as indicated by decreased Schirmer’s test values in study group as compared to control group, the tear film stability was also significantly decreased in women taking oral contraceptives.Conclusions: Present study suggest that androgen profile decrease in women taking oral contraceptives. These results support that use of oral contraceptives may be an important etiological factor in pathogenesis of dry eye disease reproductive age group women

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of two one step procedures for screening of gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: Single test procedures for screening GDM in Indian women will help in its management.This study was aimed to compare the accuracy measures of the random glucose test and the Diabetes In Pregnancy Study group India (DIPSI) recommended glucose challenge test as screening tests for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy and to study the prevalence of GDM and associated risk factors.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, all pregnant women without pre-existing diabetes underwent a random glucose test first followed by DIPSI recommended method (2 hours after a 75 g oral glucose load, without regard to the time of the last meal). All the pregnant women were subjected to 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosis of GDM within one week. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the discriminatory power of the two screening tests.  Results: The OGTT was performed in 576 women. The area under the ROC curve was larger for the DIPSI test [0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98)] than for the random glucose test [0.76 (95% CI 0.72-0.79)]. There was a significant difference in the areas under the curve of the two tests of 0.21 (0.14 to 0.28) (P <0.0001) in favour of the DIPSI recommended method. GDM was present in 8.9% women confirmed by 75 g 2 hour OGTT using the WHO criteria. Age ≥30 years, BMI ≥25 and family history of diabetes were found to be risk factors for GDM.Conclusions: In screening for GDM, the DIPSI procedure test was more useful than the random glucose test

Modeling used for Software Product Line Engineering

Software product line is the separation of variant features of all the products which belong to same line. Modeling is the basic foundation of Software Product Line Engineering, that is used for collection of what is similar and what is different between products, but products of same line. Here Line means a set of products those are related and share some commonalities like data structures, software components, some features and architecture etc.In order to managing the variability and commonalties in product line we use modeling in Software product line.So that SPLE is the most powerful approach to which we can use for to increase the efficiency of the software engineering process and we can develop variety of software from a single software product line, that’s why if we implement low design that can ripple through many generated software systems.In this paper I represent the relationship between Orthogonal Variability model and various different qualities attributes affecting them., I will also describe some existing metrics which we use to measure these quality attributes

Analyzing the Importance of Learnability and Understandability Quality Attributes in Reference to SPL Feature Models

The modeling foundation of SPL is promoting software reuse by segregation of variant features of all the products whi ch belong to a family. The analysis of various quality attribute s is very important in reference to SPL feature models. Identifying whether a feature model is easy to use and learn will help develop a successful product line. Two important quality sub factors of usability i.e. understandability and communicativeness play a great role in development of successful product line feature model. If the understanding of any feature model is low, it will result in lesser use of that feature model. Same applies to communicativeness , the more the communicativeness of a feature model, the more the usability. In other words, the successful reuse of any feature model will depend on the degree of its understa nding and communicativeness. C urrent analysis methods usually focus only on functional requirements of the product lines and do not focus on product quality. Whereas, non functional requirement s like maintainability, dependability and usability etc are essential dimensions of variability. This paper is intended to study the role of understandability and communicativeness over feature models. It also throws light on t he effect of these quality su b factors on SPL feature models and suggests ways to improve their degr

Sectoral portfolio optimization by judicious selection of financial ratios via PCA

Embedding value investment in portfolio optimization models has always been a challenge. In this paper, we attempt to incorporate it by first employing principal component analysis (PCA) sector wise to filter out dominant financial ratios from each sector and thereafter, use the portfolio optimization model incorporating second order stochastic dominance (SSD) criteria to derive the final optimal investment. We consider a total of 11 well known financial ratios corresponding to each sector representing four categories of ratios, namely liquidity, solvency, profitability, and valuation. PCA is then applied sector wise over a period of 10 years from April 2004 to March 2014 to extract dominant ratios from each sector in two ways, one from the component solution and other from each category on the basis of their communalities. The two step Sectoral Portfolio Optimization (SPO) model integrating the SSD criteria in constraints is then utilized to build an optimal portfolio. The strategy formed using the former extracted ratios is termed as PCA-SPO(A) and the latter one as PCA-SPO(B). The results obtained from the proposed strategies are compared with the SPO model and two nominal SSD models, with and without financial ratios for computational study. Empirical performance of proposed strategies is assessed over the period of 6 years from April 2014 to March 2020 using a rolling window scheme with varying out-of-sample time line of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months for S&P BSE 500 market. We observe that the proposed strategy PCA-SPO(B) outperforms all other models in terms of downside deviation, CVaR, VaR, Sortino ratio, Rachev ratio, and STARR ratios over almost all out-of-sample periods. This highlights the importance of value investment where ratios are carefully selected and embedded quantitatively in portfolio selection process.Comment: 26 pages, 12 table