Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Patients Undergoing for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of selenium supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients undergoing for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 33 patients undergoing for CABG surgery, aged 40�85 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either 200 μg/day selenium supplements as selenium yeast (n = 17) or placebo (n = 16) for 4 weeks. Glycemic control, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed at baseline and at the end of trial. After the 4-week intervention, selenium supplementation significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β, 6.76 mg/dL; 95 CI, � 13.13, � 0.40; P = 0.03), insulin (β, � 1.14 μIU/mL; 95 CI, � 2.01, � 0.28; P = 0.01); homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β � 0.35; 95 CI, � 0.62, � 0.08; P = 0.01); and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β � 0.31; 95 CI, � 0.51, � 0.09; P = 0.008); and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol levels (β, 2.72 mg/dL; 95 CI, 0.89, 4.55; P = 0.005) compared with the placebo. Moreover, selenium supplementation led to a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β, � 0.68 mg/L; 95 CI, � 1.18, � 0.17; P = 0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (β, � 0.27 μmol/L; 95 CI, � 0.47, � 0.07; P = 0.009), and a significant elevation in total glutathione (GSH) levels (β, 77.33 μmol/L; 95 CI, 56.11, 98.55; P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. Selenium supplementation did not affect other metabolic profiles. Overall, our study demonstrated that selenium supplementation for 4 weeks to patients undergoing for CABG surgery had beneficial effects on FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio, HDL-cholesterol, hs-CRP, GSH, and MDA levels, but did not affect other metabolic profiles. Clinical trial registration number: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2017090533941N22. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

The Influences of Chromium Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease

This investigation was conducted to determine the effects of chromium supplementation on metabolic status in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 64 diabetic patients with CHD between October 2017 and January 2018. Patients were randomly divided into two groups to obtain either 200 μg chromium (n = 32) or placebo (n = 32) for 12 weeks. Chromium supplementation significantly reduced body weight (� 0.9 ± 1.6 vs. + 0.1 ± 0.8 kg, P = 0.001), BMI (� 0.4 ± 0.7 vs. + 0.1 ± 0.3 kg/m2, P = 0.002), fasting glucose (β � 11.03 mg/dL; 95 CI, � 18.97, � 3.09; P = 0.007), insulin (β � 1.33 μIU/mL; 95 CI, � 1.90, � 0.76; P &lt; 0.001), and insulin resistance (β � 0.44; 95 CI, � 0.62, � 0.25; P &lt; 0.001) and significantly increased insulin sensitivity (β 0.007; 95 CI, 0.003, 0.01; P &lt; 0.001) compared with the placebo. In addition, taking chromium led to a significant reduction in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β � 0.49 mg/L; 95 CI, � 0.91, � 0.06; P = 0.02) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (β � 0.22 μmol/L; 95 CI, � 0.35, � 0.10; P = 0.001); also, a significant rise in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (β 84.54 mmol/L; 95 CI, 31.05, 138.02; P = 0.002) was observed in comparison with placebo. Additionally, chromium administration significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β � 5.01 mmHg; 95 CI, � 9.04, � 0.97; P = 0.01) compared with the placebo. Overall, the 12-week supplementation of chromium to diabetic patients with CHD had beneficial impacts on weight, BMI, glycemic control, hs-CRP, TAC, MDA, and DBP. Trial Registration www.irct.ir: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N30. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

The effects of vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background and aims: This study was designed to assess the effects of combined vitamin D and probiotic supplementation on metabolic status and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 87 women with GDM. Patients were randomly assigned three groups to receive either vitamin D (50,000 IU/every 2 weeks) plus probiotic (8 � 109 CFU/day) (n = 30), probiotic (8 � 109 CFU/day) (n = 29) or placebo (n = 28) for 6 weeks. Results: Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (β �10.99 mg/dL; 95 CI, �14.26, �7.73; P &lt; 0.001), serum insulin levels (β �1.95 μIU/mL; 95 CI, �3.05, �0.84; P = 0.001) and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β �0.76; 95 CI, �1.06, �0.45; P &lt; 0.001), and significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β 0.01; 95 CI, 0.008, 0.03; P = 0.001) compared with the placebo. In addition, vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in triglycerides (β �37.56 mg/dL; 95 CI, �51.55, �23.56; P &lt; 0.001), VLDL- (β �7.51 mg/dL; 95 CI, �10.31, �4.71; P &lt; 0.001), HDL-/total cholesterol ratio (β �0.52; 95 CI, �0.79, �0.24; P &lt; 0.001), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (β �1.80 mg/L; 95 CI, �2.53, �1.08; P &lt; 0.001) and malondialdehyde (β �0.43 μmol/L; 95 CI, �0.77, �0.09; P = 0.01); also, a significant rise in HDL-cholesterol (β 4.09 mg/dL; 95 CI, 1.11, 7.08; P = 0.008) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (β 97.77 mmol/L; 95 CI, 52.34, 143.19; P &lt; 0.001) were observed compared with the placebo. Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation did not change other metabolic parameters. Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation significantly decreased triglycerides (P = 0.02), VLDL-cholesterol (P = 0.02) and hs-CRP (P = 0.01), and significantly increased TAC (P = 0.006) and total glutathione levels (P = 0.04) compared with only probiotic group. Conclusions: In conclusion, vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation in women with GDM had beneficial effects on metabolic status. This trial was registered at www.irct.ir as IRCT201706075623N119. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolis

The effects of probiotic supplementation on mental health, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and objective: In the current meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the effects of probiotic supplementation on mental health, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with psychiatric disorders were assessed. Methods: The following databases were search up to February 2019: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Results: Twelve studies were included in the current meta-analysis. The findings demonstrated that probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) Weighted Mean Difference (WMD): -9.60; 95 % CI: -10.08, -9.11. In addition, a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: -1.59; 95 % CI: -2.22, -0.97), interleukin 10 (IL-10) (WMD: -0.29; 95 % CI: -0.48, -0.11) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (WMD: -0.38; 95 % CI: -0.63, -0.13) was found after probiotics supplementation. No significant change was seen in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score (WMD: -11.17; 95 % CI: -24.99, 2.65), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (WMD: -0.12; 95 % CI: -0.20, -0.05), IL-1B (WMD: -0.34; 95 % CI: -1.43, 0.74), IL-6 (WMD: 0.03; 95 % CI: -0.32, 0.38), nitric oxide (NO) (WMD: -0.54; 95 % CI: -2.16, 1.08), glutathione (GSH) (WMD: 46.79; 95 % CI: -17.25, 110.83) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (WMD: 15.21; 95 % CI: -59.96, 90.37) after probiotics supplementation. Conclusion: Overall, the current meta-analysis demonstrated that taking probiotic by patients with psychiatric disorders had beneficial effects on HAMD, CRP, IL-10 and MDA levels, but it did not affect BDI score, other markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. © 2020 Elsevier Lt

The effects of grape seed extract on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins, inflammation, and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins, inflammation and body weight. Two independent authors systematically searched online databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception until May 30, 2019. Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was applied to assess the methodological quality of included trials. The heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Fifty trials were included in this meta-analysis. Pooling effect sizes from studies demonstrated a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (WMD): �2.01; 95 confidence interval (CI): �3.14, �0.86), total cholesterol (TC; WMD: �6.03; 95 CI: �9.71, �2.35), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (WMD: �4.97; 95 CI: �8.37, �1.57), triglycerides (WMD: �6.55; 95 CI: �9.28, �3.83), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (WMD: �0.81; 95 CI: �1.25, �0.38) following GSE therapy. Grape seed did not influence HbA1c, HDL cholesterol levels, and anthropometric measurements. This meta-analysis demonstrated that GSE intake significantly reduced FPG, TC, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and CRP levels. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

The effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on mental health parameters and C-reactive protein: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Background: The findings of trials investigating the effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) supplementation on depression, anxiety, and C-reactive protein (CRP) are inconsistent. The current meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out to assess the effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) administration on mental health parameters and CRP levels. Methods: Two independent authors systematically searched online databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception until 30th July 2019. Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was applied to assess the methodological quality of included trials. The heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Results: Twenty one trials were included in this meta-analysis. Consumption of saffron resulted in a significant reduction in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (11 studies with 12 effect size) (WMD: �4.86; 95 CI: �6.58, �3.14), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (5 studies) (WMD: �5.29; 95 CI: �8.27, �2.31) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores (3 studies with 4 effect size) (WMD: �2.22; 95 CI: �2.73, �1.72). Saffron intake did not affect Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS-A) scores and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that saffron intake significantly reduced BDI, BAI and PSQI scores, but did not affect HDRS-D, HARS-A scores and CRP levels. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

The effect of berberine supplementation on obesity parameters, inflammation and liver function enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Introduction: So far, no study has summarized the findings on the effects of berberine intake on anthropometric parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) and liver enzymes. This systematic review and meta-analysis were done based upon randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to analyze the effects of berberine on anthropometric parameters, CRP and liver enzymes. Method: Following databases were searched for eligible studies published from inception to 30 July 2019: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google scholar. Necessary data were extracted. Data were pooled by the inverse variance method and expressed as mean difference with 95 Confidence Intervals (95 CI). Result: 12 studies were included. Berberine treatment moderately but significantly decreased body weight (WMD = �2.07 kg, 95 CI -3.09, �1.05, P &lt; 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (WMD = �0.47 kg/m2, 95 CI -0.70, �0.23, P &lt; 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (WMD = �1.08 cm, 95 CI -1.97, �0.19, P = 0.018) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (WMD = �0.42 mg/L, 95 CI -0.82, �0.03, P = 0.034). However, berberine intake did not affect liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD = �1.66 I/U, 95 CI -3.98, 0.65, P = 0.160) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD = �0.87 I/U, 95 CI -2.56, 0.82, P = 0.311). Conclusion: This meta-analysis found a significant reduction of body weight, BMI, WC and CRP levels associated with berberine intake which may have played an indirect role in improved clinical symptoms in diseases with metabolic disorders. Berberine administration had no significant effect on ALT and AST levels. © 2020 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolis

The Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Gene Expression Related to Insulin and Lipid Metabolism, and Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of selenium supplementation on gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism, and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 36 patients with GDM. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to intake either 200 μg/day selenium supplements as selenium yeast or placebo (n = 18 each group) for 6 weeks. Selenium supplementation upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (P = 0.03) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) (P = 0.01) in lymphocytes of subjects with GDM compared with the placebo. Selenium supplementation did not affect gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and lipoprotein(a) Lp(a). Supplementation with selenium had a significant decrease in incidence of newborns� hyperbilirubinemia (5.6% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.03) and newborns� hospitalization (5.6% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.03) compared with the placebo. Overall, we found that selenium supplementation for 6 weeks among patients with GDM significantly increased PPAR-γ and GLUT-1 expression, but did not affect gene expression of LDLR and LP(a). It also reduced incidence of newborns� hyperbilirubinemia and newborns� hospitalization. Clinical trial registration number: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N35. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

The effects of magnesium and vitamin e co-supplementation on parameters of glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles in patients with gestational diabetes

Background: Magnesium and vitamin E are known to exert multiple beneficial effects, such as anti-glycemic and anti-lipidemic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on metabolic status of women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Methods: This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 subjects diagnosed with GDM, aged 18-40 years. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to receive 250 mg/day magnesium oxide plus 400 IU/day vitamin E supplements or placebo (n = 30 each group) for 6 weeks. Participants' blood samples were taken to determine their metabolic profiles. Results: Subjects who received magnesium plus vitamin E supplements had significantly lower fasting plasma glucose (β - 5.20 mg/dL; 95 CI, - 7.88, - 2.52; P = 0.002), serum insulin levels (β - 2.93 μIU/mL; 95 CI, - 5.68, - 0.18; P = 0.02) and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β - 0.78; 95 CI, - 1.42, - 0.14; P = 0.01), and higher quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β 0.01; 95 CI, 0.005, 0.02; P = 0.002) compared with placebo. In addition, magnesium plus vitamin E supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum triglycerides (β - 50.31 mg/dL; 95 CI, - 67.58, - 33.04; P < 0.001), VLDL- (β - 10.06 mg/dL; 95 CI, - 13.51, - 6.60; P < 0.001), total- (β - 26.10 mg/dL; 95 CI, - 41.88, - 10.33; P = 0.004), LDL- (β - 15.20 mg/dL; 95 CI, - 29.50, - 0.91; P = 0.03) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β - 0.46; 95 CI, - 0.72, - 0.19; P < 0.001) compared with placebo. Magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation did not affect HDL-cholesterol levels. Conclusions: Overall, magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation for 6 weeks in women with GDM significantly improved glycemic control and lipid profiles, except for HDL-cholesterol levels. Clinical trial registration number: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N24. © 2018 The Author(s)

The effects of magnesium and vitamin e co-supplementation on parameters of glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles in patients with gestational diabetes

Background Magnesium and vitamin E are known to exert multiple beneficial effects, such as anti-glycemic and anti-lipidemic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on metabolic status of women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Methods This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 subjects diagnosed with GDM, aged 18–40 years. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to receive 250 mg/day magnesium oxide plus 400 IU/day vitamin E supplements or placebo (n = 30 each group) for 6 weeks. Participants’ blood samples were taken to determine their metabolic profiles. Results Subjects who received magnesium plus vitamin E supplements had significantly lower fasting plasma glucose (β − 5.20 mg/dL; 95% CI, − 7.88, − 2.52; P = 0.002), serum insulin levels (β − 2.93 μIU/mL; 95% CI, − 5.68, − 0.18; P = 0.02) and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β − 0.78; 95% CI, − 1.42, − 0.14; P = 0.01), and higher quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β 0.01; 95% CI, 0.005, 0.02; P = 0.002) compared with placebo. In addition, magnesium plus vitamin E supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum triglycerides (β − 50.31 mg/dL; 95% CI, − 67.58, − 33.04; P < 0.001), VLDL- (β − 10.06 mg/dL; 95% CI, − 13.51, − 6.60; P < 0.001), total- (β − 26.10 mg/dL; 95% CI, − 41.88, − 10.33; P = 0.004), LDL- (β − 15.20 mg/dL; 95% CI, − 29.50, − 0.91; P = 0.03) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β − 0.46; 95% CI, − 0.72, − 0.19; P < 0.001) compared with placebo. Magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation did not affect HDL-cholesterol levels. Conclusions Overall, magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation for 6 weeks in women with GDM significantly improved glycemic control and lipid profiles, except for HDL-cholesterol levels