Évolution postglaciaire des environnements travertineux provençaux et alpins : nouveau cadre chronologique, faciès et dynamiques morphosédimentaires

Le début du développement des systèmes travertineux holocènes du sud de la France était auparavant rattaché à la période du Préboréal, et l’accumulation carbonatée principale à « l’optimum bioclimatique atlantique ». La « mort » progressive puis le démantèlement des formations s’effectuaient entre le Néolithique et la Pax romana. De nouvelles recherches démontrent un démarrage beaucoup plus précoce de la travertinisation dès le Tardiglaciaire. L’accumulation carbonatée perdure au Néolithique et ne s’interrompt réellement qu’au Petit Age Glaciaire. De nouvelles séquences plus complètes montrent l’importance du contexte géomorphologique dans la conservation des données stratigraphiques et leur représentativité. L’organisation des différents cycles sédimentaires au sein des formations travertineuses est précisée. Une définition des faciès carbonatés au regard des différentes caractéristiques des milieux de sédimentation est proposée. Des analyses paléoécologiques soulignent le caractère sensible des ensembles travertineux en fonction des modifications du biotope. Dès le Néolithique Final, dans un contexte d’augmentation des occupations humaines, les séquences enregistrent une série de ruptures. Ces perturbations sont accompagnées de changements de faciès et d’ouvertures fortes du milieu végétal mais ne modifient pas la tendance générale à la croissance des édifices. Ce n’est qu’entre le XIIIème et le XVIIème siècle après Jésus Christ que l’on note l’interruption de l’accumulation des travertins et le démantèlement des formations. C’est également dans le même intervalle que s’instaure la dynamique majeure d’incision linéaire des talwegs encore effective aujourd’hui.The beginning of the Holocene travertine system development in Southern France was formerly attributed to the Preboreal period and the main carbonated accumulation to the « bioclimatic atlantic optimum ». The progressive decline and the dismantlement occurred between the Neolithic and the end of Roman times. New research has shown the beginning of the travertine system development in the Lateglacial period. The carbonated accumulation continued during the Neolithic and was only durably interrupted during the Little Ice Age. Newer complete stratigraphy has shown the importance of the geomorphological context in stratigraphical studies and their interpretation. The pattern of different sedimentary cycles within the travertinous formations became evident. Palaeo-ecological analyses undertaken have underlined the travertine sensitivity in accordance with biotope changes. Since the Final Neolithic, in the context of growing human occupation, ruptures in the travertine sequences have been recorded. These ruptures were accompanied by facies changing and strong vegetation opening in an ever growing travertine system. Between the XIIIth and the XVIIth century A.D., the decline and dismantlement of the travertine formations became noticeable. In the same way, the major final linear talweg incision was introduced in a morphogenic dynamic that is still happening today

Towards the Industrialization of New MDO Methodologies and Tools for Aircraft Design

An overall summary of the Institute of Technology IRT Saint Exupery MDA-MDO project (Multi-Disciplinary Analysis - Multidisciplinary Design Optimization) is presented. The aim of the project is to develop efficient capabilities (methods, tools and a software platform) to enable industrial deployment of MDO methods in industry. At IRT Saint Exupery, industrial and academic partners collaborate in a single place to the development of MDO methodologies; the advantage provided by this mixed organization is to directly benefit from both advanced methods at the cutting edge of research and deep knowledge of industrial needs and constraints. This paper presents the three main goals of the project: the elaboration of innovative MDO methodologies and formulations (also referred to as architectures in the literature 1) adapted to the resolution of industrial aircraft optimization design problems, the development of a MDO platform featuring scalable MDO capabilities for transfer to industry and the achievement of a simulation-based optimization of an aircraft engine pylon with industrial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Structural Mechanics (CSM) tools

Bien-être au travail et installation pérenne des médecins généralistes en milieu rural: une étude qualitative

Contexte:Actuellement, les modes d’investissement professionnels, aussi bien des femmes que des hommes médecins tendent vers un juste équilibre entre l’organisation de leur activité professionnelle et la gestion de leur vie familiale. Les nouvelles générations de médecins redoutent que l’installation en milieu rural ne permette pas cet équilibre.Objectif: Apporter une contribution à la connaissance des déterminants de la décision de jeunes MG ruraux à s’installer et à se sentir bien dans leur travail.Méthode:Recherche qualitative par entretiens semi-dirigés auprès de MG installés en milieu rural dans le Puy-de-Dôme et de professionnels ressources.Résultats: Les facteurs favorisants l’installation rurale étaient l’expérience des remplacements, le regroupement, le soutien des patients et l’accompagnement du projet d’installation.Les freins étaient représentés par la crainte de perdre leur qualité de vie et les difficultés de gestion d’un cabinet. Le milieu rural se concevait à condition de l’avoir préalablement expérimenté et si l’entourage familial adhérait au projet,souvent dans le but de répondre aux besoins d’un territoire déficitaire. La charge de travail et l’éloignement étaient les principales contraintes évoquées propres au milieu rural. Enfin, l’accès au bien-être dépendait des possibilités d’une maitrise de sa charge de travail, d’une organisation optimale du cabinet médical, et du sentiment d’être un bon médecin, permises par l’exercice coordonné.Conclusion:Parvenir en milieu rural à réguler sa charge de travail et préserver sa qualité de vie ne s’improvise pas. Il est nécessaire de s’y confronter au préalable, notamment par l’exercice de remplacements. Si beaucoup de contraintes imposées par le territoire rural dépendent de paramètres solutionnables, le concept d’attachement au territoire (inné ou acquis)est ancré. L’accès au bien-être au travail en milieu rural semble pour la plupart des jeunes MG passer par l’exercice coordonné. Le concept nouveau «d’équipe de soin primaire» semble profitable à la fois aux MG et aux patients

Evolution postglaciaire des environnements travertineux provençaux et alpins: nouveau cadre chronologique, faciès et dynamiques morphosédimentaires

International audienceLe début du développement des systèmes travertineux holocènes du sud de la France était auparavant rattaché à la période du Préboréal, et l'accumulation carbonatée principale à « l'optimum bioclimatique atlantique ». La « mort » progressive puis le démantèlement des formations s'effectuaient entre le Néolithique et la Pax romana. De nouvelles recherches démontrent un démarrage beaucoup plus précoce de la travertinisa-tion dès le Tardiglaciaire. L'accumulation carbonatée perdure au Néolithique et ne s'interrompt réellement qu'au Petit Age Glaciaire. De nouvelles séquences plus complètes montrent l'importance du contexte géomorphologique dans la conservation des données stratigraphiques et leur représen-tativité. L'organisation des différents cycles sédimentaires au sein des formations travertineuses est précisée. Une définition des faciès carbonatés au regard des différentes caractéristiques des milieux de sédimentation est proposée. Des analyses paléoécologiques soulignent le caractère sensible des ensembles travertineux en fonction des modifications du biotope. Dès le Néolithique Final, dans un contexte d'augmentation des occupations humaines, les séquences enregistrent une série de ruptures. Ces perturbations sont accompagnées de changements de faciès et d'ouvertures fortes du milieu végétal mais ne modifient pas la tendance générale à la croissance des édifices. Ce n'est qu'entre le XIII ème et le XVII ème siècle après Jésus Christ que l'on note l'interruption de l'accumulation des travertins et le démantèlement des formations. C'est également dans le même intervalle que s'instaure la dynamique majeure d'incision linéaire des talwegs encore effective aujourd'hui. Mots clés : Travertin, Tardiglaciaire, Holocène, paléoécologie, Néolithique, incision linéaire historique, sud-est de la France. ABSTRACT POSTGLACIAL EVOLUTION OF TRAVERTINE ENVIRONMENTS IN THE FRENCH ALPS AND PROVENCE : NEW CHRONOLOGY, FACIES, AND MORPHOSEDIMENTARY DYNAMICS The beginning of the Holocene travertine system development in Southern France was formerly attributed to the Preboreal period and the main carbonated accumulation to the " bioclimatic atlantic optimum ". The progressive decline and the dismantlement occurred between the Neo-lithic and the end of Roman times. New research has shown the beginning of the travertine system development in the Lateglacial period. The car-bonated accumulation continued during the Neolithic and was only durably interrupted during the Little Ice Age. Newer complete stratigraphy has shown the importance of the geomorphological context in stratigraphical studies and their interpretation. The pattern of different sedimentary cycles within the travertinous formations became evident. Palaeo-ecological analyses undertaken have underlined the travertine sensitivity in accordance with biotope changes. Since the Final Neolithic, in the context of growing human occupation, ruptures in the travertine sequences have been recorded. These ruptures were accompanied by facies changing and strong vegetation opening in an ever growing travertine system. Between the XIIIth and the XVIIth century A.D., the decline and dismantlement of the travertine formations became noticeable. In the same way, the major final linear talweg incision was introduced in a morphogenic dynamic that is still happening today

Challenging Investigation of a Norovirus Foodborne Disease Outbreak During a Military Deployment in Central African Republic

International audienceIn January 2016, a large-scale outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was reported among French armed forces deployed in the Central African Republic. Challenging investigations, conducted from France, made it possible to identify a norovirus genogroup II in both stool and food samples, confirming a norovirus foodborne disease outbreak. Infected food handler management is discussed

(En)gendering responsibilities:experiences of parenting a ‘young offender’

This article discusses how parenting a ‘young offender’ involves specific additional responsibilities for parents who are already under scrutiny for apparently not taking their parenting responsibilities seriously. With reference to empirical data, three specific parental tasks are considered: managing the family's involvement in the youth justice system, waiting on ‘standby’ for police and schools, and reporting the child's offences to the police. In doing so, this article highlights the ways in which gender is implicated, and performs a regulatory function, in the day-to-day lives of mothers and fathers who are parenting a ‘troublesome’ child

Tufs calcaires et travertins quaternaires : morphogenèse, biocénoses, paléoclimats et implantations paléolithiques. 1ère partie

Journée AFEQ / SGF (21 novembre 2005

Intracranial pressure monitoring with and without brain tissue oxygen pressure monitoring for severe traumatic brain injury in France (OXY-TC): an open-label, randomised controlled superiority trial

International audienceBackground: Optimisation of brain oxygenation might improve neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury. The OXY-TC trial explored the superiority of a strategy combining intracranial pressure and brain tissue oxygen pressure (PbtO2) monitoring over a strategy of intracranial pressure monitoring only to reduce the proportion of patients with poor neurological outcome at 6 months.Methods: We did an open-label, randomised controlled superiority trial at 25 French tertiary referral centres. Within 16 h of brain injury, patients with severe traumatic brain injury (aged 18-75 years) were randomly assigned via a website to be managed during the first 5 days of admission to the intensive care unit either by intracranial pressure monitoring only or by both intracranial pressure and PbtO2 monitoring. Randomisation was stratified by age and centre. The study was open label due to the visibility of the intervention, but the statisticians and outcome assessors were masked to group allocation. The therapeutic objectives were to maintain intracranial pressure of 20 mm Hg or lower, and to keep PbtO2 (for those in the dual-monitoring group) above 20 mm Hg, at all times. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with an extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) score of 1-4 (death to upper severe disability) at 6 months after injury. The primary analysis was reported in the modified intention-to-treat population, which comprised all randomly assigned patients except those who withdrew consent or had protocol violations. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02754063, and is completed.Findings: Between June 15, 2016, and April 17, 2021, 318 patients were randomly assigned to receive either intracranial pressure monitoring only (n=160) or both intracranial pressure and PbtO2 monitoring (n=158). 27 individuals with protocol violations were not included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Thus, the primary outcome was analysed for 144 patients in the intracranial pressure only group and 147 patients in the intracranial pressure and PbtO2 group. Compared with intracranial pressure monitoring only, intracranial pressure and PbtO2 monitoring did not reduce the proportion of patients with GOSE score 1-4 (51% [95% CI 43-60] in the intracranial pressure monitoring only group vs 52% [43-60] in the intracranial pressure and PbtO2 monitoring group; odds ratio 1·0 [95% CI 0·6-1·7]; p=0·95). Two (1%) of 144 participants in the intracranial pressure only group and 12 (8%) of 147 participants in the intracranial pressure and PbtO2 group had catheter dysfunction (p=0.011). Six patients (4%) in the intracranial pressure and PbtO2 group had an intracrebral haematoma related to the catheter, compared with none in the intracranial pressure only group (p=0.030). No significant difference in deaths was found between the two groups at 12 months after injury. At 12 months, 33 deaths had occurred in the intracranial pressure group: 25 (76%) were attributable to the brain trauma, six (18%) were end-of-life decisions, and two (6%) due to sepsis. 34 deaths had occured in the intracranial pressure and PbtO2 group at 12 months: 25 (74%) were attributable to the brain trauma, six (18%) were end-of-life decisions, one (3%) due to pulmonary embolism, one (3%) due to haemorrhagic shock, and one (3%) due to cardiac arrest.Interpretation: After severe non-penetrating traumatic brain injury, intracranial pressure and PbtO2 monitoring did not reduce the proportion of patients with poor neurological outcome at 6 months. Technical failures related to intracerebral catheter and intracerebral haematoma were more frequent in the intracranial pressure and PbtO2 group. Further research is needed to assess whether a targeted approach to multimodal brain monitoring could be useful in subgroups of patients with severe traumatic brain injury-eg, those with high intracranial pressure on admission