Radiotherapy as a Treatment Option for Local Disease Control in Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type

BACKGROUND Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL, LT) is an aggressive lymphoma variant. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy with rituximab is recommended as first-line treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) has been considered as a therapeutic option for local disease control in patients with solitary or localized lesions. METHODS We report the results of a retrospective analysis of PCDLBC, LT patients treated either with RT alone or with physician's decision as first-line treatment, aiming to assess disease progression and/or first recurrence in these treatment groups. RESULTS We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients treated either with RT alone (n = 8) or with investigator's choice treatment (n = 12), which included chemotherapy alone or combined with local therapy (RT and wide local excision). Complete response (CR) was achieved in 8 patients from the first group and 9 patients from the second group, with 1 treatment failure. Six patients treated with RT alone progressed with a median time to progression (TTP) of 12.5 months. In the second group, 5 patients progressed with a median TTP of 5.2 months. RT showed good local disease control in both groups without any skin relapses during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION RT as first-line monotherapy followed by watchful waiting did not significantly improve the overall risk of disease progression but resulted in good local disease control. After progression, RT could still easily be combined with systemic treatment. The strength of this analysis needs to be evaluated in a larger patient cohort

The recruitment of the Access Panel of German Official Statistics from a large survey in 2006: empirical results and methodological aspects

"In 2004 Germany's Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt, Destatis) started the recruitment of an access panel (AP) from participantes in the German microcensus (MC), a large household survey. This access panel, a pool of persons willing to take part in voluntary surveys, currently serves as the sampling frame for the DE-SILC, the German subsample of the European Union Statistic on Income and Living Conditions. Sampling from panelists rather than directly from the population promised lower survey costs due to easy access to the AP participants and higher response rates. While participation in the MC is mandatory by law, joining the AP is voluntary. Approx. 10 percent of the MC households agree to enter the panel. In this work we examine the recruitment from the 2006 MC using socio-economic and demographic characteristics available in both the AP and the MC to explore the selectivity of the recruitment process. We also discuss the implications of German privacy protection legislation for this analysis. Finally we consider the longitudinal use of the AP in a methodological discussion on the question whether samples from the AP can be regarded as probability samples from the general population." (author's abstract

Parental anxiety and concern for children undergoing dermatological surgery

Parents experience anxiety and concern about their children's anesthesia and surgeries, which can adversely affect the children's outcomes. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that influence parental fear. Because dermatological surgery is often performed in young children, we examined how a child's age and the size of the dermatological surgical area affected the levels of parental anxiety and concern. The parents' levels of anxiety and concern were accessed by parental self-reports in a prospective observational study of 106 children undergoing dermatological surgery. Correlation analysis showed that the level of parental anxiety decreased with the child's age. In contrast, the level of parental anxiety increased with the size of the surgical area. Our findings thus indicate that parents whose children undergo large-sized surgeries at a young age are at high risk. This result should be considered when performing dermatological surgery in children

IL-4 abrogates T(H)17 cell-mediated inflammation by selective silencing of IL-23 in antigen-presenting cells

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) can suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions (DTHRs), including organ-specific autoimmune diseases in mice and humans. Despite the broadly documented antiinflammatory effect of IL-4, the underlying mode of action remains incompletely understood, as IL-4 also promotes IL-12 production by dendritic cells (DCs) and IFN-γ-producing T(H)1 cells in vivo. Studying the impact of IL-4 on the polarization of human and mouse DCs, we found that IL-4 exerts opposing effects on the production of either IL-12 or IL-23. While promoting IL-12-producing capacity of DCs, IL-4 completely abrogates IL-23. Bone marrow chimeras proved that IL-4-mediated suppression of DTHRs relies on the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6)-dependent abrogation of IL-23 in antigen-presenting cells. Moreover, IL-4 therapy attenuated DTHRs by STAT6- and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)-dependent suppression of the IL-23/T(H)17 responses despite simultaneous enhancement of IL-12/TH1 responses. As IL-4 therapy also improves psoriasis in humans and suppresses IL-23/T(H)17 responses without blocking IL-12/T(H)1, selective IL-4-mediated IL-23/T(H)17 silencing is promising as treatment against harmful inflammation, while sparing the IL-12-dependent T(H)1 responses