Arcs of Global Justice: Essays in Honour of William A. Schabas

Invoking famous words by Martin Luther King Jr.–‘the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice’–this volume analyses developments respecting global justice in the decades since the end of World War II. Presented are dozens of essays by eminent scholars, each contributed in recognition of the collection’s honouree, Professor William A. Schabas. Schabas’s work has spanned many topics in international law and has placed him in multiple roles in international courts and organizations. Accordingly, this volume discusses institutions including the United Nations, the European Court of Human Rights, and the International Criminal Court, and instruments including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention Against Torture, and the Canadian Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms. Fits and starts in global justice are examined with regard to many phenomena: peace and war, international crimes, culture, death penalty, environmental degradation, and not least, education and scholarship.https://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/books/1152/thumbnail.jp

Expert Workshop Sessions: (1) Regulatory Framework, (2) Witness, Testimony, and Witness Protection, (3) Global Child

Expert Session (1): Regulatory Framework Topics: Child-Specific and Child-Related Crimes: Recruitment and Use of Children, Sexual Violence / Trafficking, Education, Attacks on Hospitals / Denial of Humanitarian Access; Legal Instruments / Jurisprudence Other Than Rome Statute; Children’s Rights and Human Rights Law; Humanitarian Law; Law of Peace / Weapons Control Treaties; Gravity: Charging and Sentencing Expert Session (2): Witnesses, Testimony, and Witness Protection Topics: Identifying and Preparing Child Witnesses (in general, and with relation to specific offenses like sexual violence, against girls and boys); Living conditions of children in conflict/postconflict zones (i.e., children in refugee camps, “street children,” children & marabouts, etc.); Support and Witness Protection Issues; Enhancing Child Witness Reliability / Challenging of Factfinding Reparations Expert Session: Global Child Topics: Children’s Vulnerability/Victimhood/Agency; Developmental Factors / Difficulty of Drawing Age Line; Children’s Convention: Rights and Best Interests; Child Protection and Child Participation: Issues of Consent; Children in Militias / Conflict Zones: Roles and Experiences; Child-Friendly Dissemination and Educatio

Microbial ecology of the equine hindgut during oligofructose-induced laminitis

Alimentary carbohydrate overload is a significant cause of laminitis in horses and is correlated with drastic shifts in the composition of hindgut microbiota. Equine hindgut streptococcal species (EHSS), predominantly Streptococcus lutetiensis, have been shown to be the most common microorganisms culturable from the equine caecum prior to the onset of laminitis. However, the inherent biases of culture-based methods are estimated to preclude up to 70% of the normal caecal microbiota. The objective of this study was to evaluate bacterial population shifts occurring in the equine caecum throughout the course of oligofructose-induced laminitis using several culture-independent techniques and to correlate these with caecal lactate, volatile fatty acid and degrees of polymerization 3–7 fructo-oligosaccharide concentrations. Our data conclusively show that of the total microbiota present in the equine hindgut, the EHSS S. lutetiensis is the predominant microorganism that proliferates prior to the onset of laminitis, utilizing oligofructose to produce large quantities of lactate. Population shifts in lactobacilli and Escherichia coli subpopulations occur secondarily to the EHSS population shifts, thus confirming that lactobacilli and coliforms have no role in laminitis. A large, curved, Gram-negative rod previously observed during the early phases of laminitis induction was most closely related to the Anaerovibrio genus and most likely represents a new, yet to be cultured, genus and species. Correlation of fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR results provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that laminitis is associated with the death en masse and rapid cell lysis of EHSS. If EHSS are lysed, liberated cellular components may initiate laminitis.Gabriel J Milinovich, Paul C Burrell, Christopher C Pollitt, Athol V Klieve, Linda L Blackall, Diane Ouwerkerk, Erika Woodland and Darren J Trot