Adolescer no limiar: percepções de adolescentes do coletivo ProJovem sobre território usado e efetivação de direitos

O objetivo desse estudo é compreender a percepção de adolescentes de Coletivo ProJovem sobre território usado e efetivação de direitos. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória com metodologia qualitativa desenvolvida com oito adolescentes de Coletivo de município do interior de Minas Gerais. A construção de dados ocorreu com a técnica de grupo focal e a metodologia Photo Voice. A análise de conteúdo temática guiou o tratamento dos dados. A metodologia qualitativa permitiu o envolvimento dos adolescentes na reflexão sobre as vulnerabilidades presentes no território. O estudo permitiu a apreensão de diversas percepções sobre o território usado e os modos como, no limiar entre vulnerabilidades, violências e direitos, os adolescentes produzem sociabilidades e elaboram seus projetos de vida. Os resultados evidenciam que a promoção da saúde de adolescentes requer a superação de preconceitos e a criação de espaços de escuta e empoderamento dos sujeitos, fundamentais para a reformulação de políticas e programas sociais

EFEITO ANTIBACTERIANO E ANTIFÚNGICO DE EXTRATOS ETANÓLICO, HEXÂNICO E METANÓLICO A PARTIR DE FOLHAS DE Kalanchoe pinnata (LAM.) PERS (Malva corama) CONTRA CEPAS MULTI-RESISTENTES A DROGAS

The infections caused by bacteria and fungi, as well as the subsequent resistance of these microorganisms continue with high incidencesthus studies of medicinal plants and their combination with conventional therapy, are becoming essential. This study examined the antibacterial, antifungal and modifier of resistance to antibiotics and antifungal extracts of ethanol, hexane and methanol from the leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata, used in folk medicine. The phytochemical was performed qualitatively by visual observation of color changes and formation of precipitates after addition of specific reagents, such as ferric chloride (Fecl310%) sodium hydroxide (NaOH10%), hydrochloric acid (HCl 1%), acid  acetic acid 5%, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH 10%), chloroform and  reagent Draggendorff 10%. The analysis for antimicrobial activity was through the microdilution test for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and modifying the action of antibiotics (gentamicin and amikacin) and antifungals (ketoconazole and fluconazole) in association with the extracts. The phytochemicals assays indicated the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids and flabobênicos tannins. In assessing the MIC results were obtained <1024μg/ mL for Candida albicans and Candida krusei. There was synergism between extracts of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves with aminoglycosides and antifungal, reducing the concentration of CIM of multidrug-resistant strains. Our results demonstrate that the extracts of Kalanchoe pinnata have bioactive constituents with antimicrobial activity in vitro.Keywords: Kalcinchoe pinnata, Microorganisms, Synergistic effect, Antifungal, Antibacterial.As infecções causadas por bactérias e fungos, assim como a sucessiva resistência desses micro-organismos, continuam com altas incidências. Desse modo, estudos com plantas medicinais e sua combinação à terapia convencional, fazem-se essenciais. O presente estudo verificou a atividade antibacteriana, antifúngica e modificadora da resistência a antibióticos e antifúngicos dos extratos etanólico, hexânico e metanólico das folhas de Kalanchoe pinnata, utilizada na medicina popular. A fitoquímica foi realizada de forma qualitativa através de observação visual da mudança de coloração e formação de precipitados após adição de reagentes específicos como: cloreto férrico (Fecl310%) hidróxido de sódio (NaOH10%), ácido clorídrico (HCL 1%), ácido acético 5%, hidróxido de amônia (NH4OH 10%), clorofórmio 10% e reagente de Draggendorff. A análise para a atividade antimicrobiana foi por meio do teste de microdiluição para determinação de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e modificadora da ação dos antibióticos (gentamicina e amicacina) e antifúngicos (cetoconazol e fluconazol) em associação com os extratos. Os ensaios fitoquímicos indicaram a presença de metabólitos secundários como flavonóides, alcalóides e taninos flabobênicos. Na avaliação da CIM foram obtidos resultados < 1024µg/mL para Candida albicans e Candida krusei. Houve sinergismo entre os extratos das folhas de Kalanchoe pinnata com os aminoglicosídeos e antifúngicos, reduzindo a concentração da CIM das cepas multirresistentes. Nossos resultados demonstram que os extratos da Kalcinchoe pinnata possuem constituintes bioativos com atividade antimicrobiana in vitro. Palavras-chave: Kalcinchoe pinnata, Micro-organismos, Efeito sinérgico, Antifúngico, Antibacteriano

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Adolescer no limiar: percepções de adolescentes do coletivo ProJovem sobre território usado e efetivação de direitos

O objetivo desse estudo é conhecer a percepção de adolescentes de Coletivo ProJovem sobre território usado e efetivação de direitos. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram oito adolescentes do Coletivo de município mineiro de médio porte. A coleta de dados foi conduzida com produção iconográfica sobre o território usado ancorada na metodologia Photo Voice, Grupo Focal e caderno de campo. Na análise de dados emergiram cinco categorias: território e vulnerabilidades, violências, direitos, CRAS e adolescer. A apreensão das diversas percepções sobre o território usado rompe com estigmas sociais, potencializa o empoderamento dos adolescentes e acena para a (re) formulação de políticas e programas sociais. No limiar entre vulnerabilidades, violências e direitos, os adolescentes produzem sociabilidades e elaboram seus projetos de vida

Características morfológico-vegetativas de cultivares de coqueiro

O presente estudo foi realizado a partir de agosto de 1997 até dezembro de 2000, na região do Platô de Neópolis, Sergipe, com a finalidade de avaliar o comportamento de cultivares de coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L. ) em diferentes anos agrícolas para as características: número de folhas vivas (NFV), número de folhas emitidas (NFE), circunferência do coleto (CC), comprimento da folha 3 (CF3), comprimento do limbo da folha 3(CLF3), comprimento do pecíolo da folha 3 (CPF3), número de folíolos da folha 3 (NFoF3) e comprimento do folíolo da folha 3 (CFoF3). Utilizou-se o delineamento em parcelas subdivididas, dispostas em blocos ao acaso, com quatorze repetições, quatorze tratamentos e três anos de avaliação, utilizando-se de 16 plantas úteis por parcela. Os resultados das análises demonstraram que, para todas as características, ocorreram diferenças significativas a 1% entre as cultivares e anos, e que a interação cultivar x ano foi significativa a 5% para NFE, e significativa a 1% para as demais características, indicando um comportamento diferente das cultivares em relação aos anos