Relationship of vascular variations with liver remnant volume in living liver transplant donors

Background: In this study, we investigated the relationship between the portal vein and hepatic artery variations and the remaining liver volume in living donors in liver transplantation.Materials and methods: In the study, triphasic abdominal computed tomography images of 180 live liver donor candidates were analysed retrospectively. Portal veins were divided into four groups according to the Nakamura classification and seven groups according to the Michels classification. The relationship between vascular variations and remnant liver volume was compared statistically.Results: According to the Nakamura classification, there were 143 (79.4%) type A, 23 (12.7%) type B, 7 (3.9%) type C and 7 (3.9%) type D cases. Using the Michels classification, 129 (71%) type 1, 12 (6.7%) type 2, 24 (13%) type 3, 2 (2.2%) type 4, 10 (5.6%) type 5, 1 (0.6%) type 6, and 2 (1.1%) type 7 cases were detected. There was no significant difference in the percentage of the remaining volume of the left liver lobe between the groups (p = 0.055, p = 0.207, respectively).Conclusions: Variations in the hepatic artery and portal vein do not affect the remaining liver volume in liver transplantation donors

Towards Sustainable Environment in G7 Nations: The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption, Eco-innovation and Trade Openness

Some of the globe’s most economically advanced nations make up the G7 (Canada, Japan, France, Germany, Italy, United States and United Kingdom). Nevertheless, in tandem with such strong economic growth, the environmental conditions in these nations have deteriorated, raising serious issues among stakeholders. Therefore, we examine the effect of eco-innovation and trade openness on CO2 emissions in G7 nations. We also take into account the role of renewable energy, economic growth and nonrenewable energy use using a dataset covering the period from 1990–2019. We employed recent econometric techniques such as slope heterogeneity (SH) and cross-sectional dependence (CSD), Westerlund cointegration, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), panel quantile regression and panel causality tests to assess these associations. The outcomes of the CSD and SH tests disclosed that using a first-generation unit root test will produce biase outcomes. Furthermore, the outcomes of the Westerlund cointegration disclosed support long-run association between CO2 and its drivers. In addition, the results of the long-run estimators (FMOLS and DOLS) unveiled that nonrenewable energy and trade openness contribute to the damage to the environment while economic expansion, renewable energy and eco-innovation enhance the quality of the environment. Furthermore, the outcomes of GDP, REC and ECO curb CO2 while NREC energy and TO surge CO2. Finally, the outcomes of the panel causality test unveiled that CO2 emissions can be predicted by all the exogenous variables. Copyright © 2022 Olanrewaju, Irfan, Altuntaş, Agyekum, Kamel and El-Naggar

Linking Financial Development and Environment in Developed Nation Using Frequency Domain Causality Techniques: The Role of Globalization and Renewable Energy Consumption

The topic of whether globalization, energy consumption and financial development can substantially reduce emissions during the globalization era remains unanswered. In this context, this research highlights empirical indications supporting this theoretical discord; assessing the effect of globalization, energy consumption and financial development on the CO2 emissions in Japan (utilizing a dataset that spans between 1990 and 2019). The study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique and frequency domain causality to probe these relationships. Unlike other conventional causality tests, the frequency domain causality test can capture causality at different frequencies. The findings from the ARDL analysis disclosed that globalization and renewable energy contribute to the mitigation of CO2 emissions while fossil fuel, economic growth and financial development caused an upsurge in CO2 in Japan. Furthermore, the frequency domain demonstrated that all the exogenous variables can forecast CO2 mostly in the long-term which implies that any policy initiated based on the exogenous variables will impact emissions of CO2. Based on the results obtained, Japan has to improve its financial systems and increase its use of renewable energy. Furthermore, Japan needs to restructure its policy regarding globalization owing to the fact that it contributes to the degradation of the environment. Since globalization is a major driver of economic growth, the government should concentrate on luring and licensing investors that use environmentally beneficial (net-zero) technology. Copyright © 2022 Mosleh, Al-Geitany, Lawrence Emeagwali, Altuntaş, Agyekum, Kamel, El-Naggar and Agbozo

Effects of antioxidants on mitomycin C- induced sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effects of antioxidants on mitomycin C (MMC) induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and micronuclei (MN). Material and Methods: The action of vitamins C (10-4 M), E (10-6 M) and β-carotene (10-6 M) on the genotoxic activity of mitomycin C (10-7 M) was evaluated in cultured human lymphocytes of five donors with the help of SCE and MN frequencies. Results: It was found that SCE and MN levels were significantly increased by MMC. The presence of vitamins C, E and β-carotene caused a significant reduction in the numbers of SCE and MN induced by MMC when used separately, but no antioxidant effect of β-carotene was observed in MMC-induced MN frequency. On the other hand, in triple combinations of vitamins C, E and β-carotene and MMC. MMC-induced SCE and MN frequencies were reduced significantly (22.02% - 24.04% for SCEs and 31.91% - 57.55% for MN). Conclusion: These results indicated that the combinations of vitamins C, E and β-carotene can modify the DNA damaging effect of the carcinogens and act as biological antioxidants under in vitro conditions

Effects of antioxidants on mitomycin-c induced sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effects of antioxidants on mitomycin C (MMC) induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and micronuclei (MN). Material and Methods: The action of vitamins C (10-4 M), E (10-6 M) and β-carotene (10-6 M) on the genotoxic activity of mitomycin C (10-7 M) was evaluated in cultured human lymphocytes of five donors with the help of SCE and MN frequencies. Results: It was found that SCE and MN levels were significantly increased by MMC. The presence of vitamins C, E and β-carotene caused a significant reduction in the numbers of SCE and MN induced by MMC when used separately, but no antioxidant effect of β-carotene was observed in MMC-induced MN frequency. On the other hand, in triple combinations of vitamins C, E and β-carotene and MMC. MMC-induced SCE and MN frequencies were reduced significantly (22.02% - 24.04% for SCEs and 31.91% - 57.55% for MN). Conclusion: These results indicated that the combinations of vitamins C, E and β-carotene can modify the DNA damaging effect of the carcinogens and act as biological antioxidants under in vitro conditions