Ultra High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of Matrix Mineral Grains in CM Chondrites: Preaccretionary or Parent Body Aqueous Processing?

CM chondrites are highly hydrated meteorites associated with a parent asteroid that has experienced significant aqueous processing. The meteoritic evidence indicates that these non-differentiated asteroids are formed by fine-grained minerals embedded in a nanometric matrix that preserves chemical clues of the forming environment. So far there are two hypothesis to explain the presence of hydrated minerals in the content of CM chondrites: one is based on textural features in chondrule-rim boundaries [1-3], and the other ‘preaccretionary’ hypothesis proposes the incorporation of hydrated phases from the protoplanetary disk [4-6]. The highly porous structure of these chondrites is inherited from the diverse materials present in the protoplanetary disk environment. These bodies were presumably formed by low relative velocity encounters that led to the accretion of silicate-rich chondrules, refractory Ca- and Al-rich inclusions (CAIs), metal grains, and the fine-grained materials forming the matrix. Owing to the presence of significant terrestrial water in meteorite finds [7], here we have focused on two CM chondrite falls with minimal terrestrial processing: Murchison and Cold Bokkeveld. Anhydrous carbonaceous chondrite matrices are usually represented by highly chemically unequilibrated samples that contain distinguishable stellar grains. Other chondrites have experienced hydration and chemical homogeneization that reveal parent body processes. We have studied CM chondrites because these meteorites have experienced variable hydration levels [8-10]. It is important to study the textural effects of aqueous alteration in the main minerals to decipher which steps and environments promote bulk chemistry changes, and create the distinctive alteration products. It is thought that aqueous alteration has particularly played a key role in modifying primordial bulk chemistry, and homogenizing the isotopic content of fine-grained matrix materials [7, 11, 12]. Fortunately, the mineralogy produced by parent-body and terrestrial aqueous alteration processes is distinctive [5, 11]

Massless Decoupled Doublers: Chiral Yukawa Models and Chiral Gauge Theories

We present a new method for regularizing chiral theories on the lattice. The arbitrariness in the regularization is used in order to decouple massless replica fermions. A continuum limit with only one fermion is obtained in perturbation theory and a Golterman-Petcher like symmetry related to the decoupling of the replicas in the non-perturbative regime is identified. In the case of Chiral Gauge Theories gauge invariance is broken at the level of the regularization, so our approach shares many of the characteristics of the Rome approach.Comment: 11 page

Non-degenerate solutions of universal Whitham hierarchy

The notion of non-degenerate solutions for the dispersionless Toda hierarchy is generalized to the universal Whitham hierarchy of genus zero with $M+1$ marked points. These solutions are characterized by a Riemann-Hilbert problem (generalized string equations) with respect to two-dimensional canonical transformations, and may be thought of as a kind of general solutions of the hierarchy. The Riemann-Hilbert problem contains $M$ arbitrary functions $H_a(z_0,z_a)$, $a = 1,...,M$, which play the role of generating functions of two-dimensional canonical transformations. The solution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem is described by period maps on the space of $(M+1)$-tuples $(z_\alpha(p) : \alpha = 0,1,...,M)$ of conformal maps from $M$ disks of the Riemann sphere and their complements to the Riemann sphere. The period maps are defined by an infinite number of contour integrals that generalize the notion of harmonic moments. The $F$-function (free energy) of these solutions is also shown to have a contour integral representation.Comment: latex2e, using amsmath, amssym and amsthm packages, 32 pages, no figur

On the stability of the orthogonal Pexiderized Cauchy equation

We investigate the stability of Pexiderized mappings in Banach modules over a unital Banach algebra. As a consequence, we establish the Hyers--Ulam stability of the orthogonal Cauchy functional equation of Pexider type $f_1(x+y)=f_2(x)+f_3(y)$, $x\perp y$ in which $\perp$ is the orthogonality in the sense of Ratz.Comment: 18 page

Chiral phase transition in a lattice fermion--gauge--scalar model with U(1) gauge symmetry

The chiral phase transition induced by a charged scalar field is investigated numerically in a lattice fermion-gauge-scalar model with U(1) gauge symmetry, proposed recently as a model for dynamical fermion mass generation. For very strong gauge coupling the transition is of second order and its scaling properties are very similar to those of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. However, in the vicinity of the tricritical point at somewhat weaker coupling, where the transition changes the order, the scaling behavior is different. Therefore it is worthwhile to investigate the continuum limit of the model at this point.Comment: 20 pages, latex2e, 15 PostScript figures included, all files tared, compressed and uudecode

Ancient Martian Floods in a Plausible Variable Climatic Environment as Revealed from the Sequential Growth of Allan Hills 84001 Carbonate Globules

No abstract available

Phase Diagram of a Lattice SU(2)×SU(2)SU(2) \times SU(2) Scalar-Fermion Model Using the Zaragoza Fermions

We present a calculation of the phase diagram of a $SU(2) \times SU(2)$ chiral Yukawa model with massless decoupled doublers, using a saddle point approach, both for small and large Yukawa coupling. Some preliminary MonteCarlo results are also shown.Comment: 3 pages + 2 figs.; Ref. DFTUZ 93/18, Lattice'93 tal

Generalized gauge field theories with non-topological soliton solutions

We perform a systematic analysis of the conditions under which \textit{generalized} gauge field theories of compact semisimple Lie groups exhibit electrostatic spherically symmetric non-topological soliton solutions in three space dimensions. By the term \textit{generalized}, we mean that the dynamics of the concerned fields is governed by lagrangian densities which are general functions of the quadratic field invariants, leading to physically consistent models. The analysis defines exhaustively the class of this kind of lagrangian models supporting those soliton solutions and leads to methods for their explicit determination. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the linear stability of the finite-energy solutions against charge-preserving perturbations are established, going beyond the usual Derrick-like criteria, which only provides necessary conditions.Comment: 6 pages, revtex

Large-scale Monte Carlo simulations of the isotropic three-dimensional Heisenberg spin glass

We study the Heisenberg spin glass by large-scale Monte Carlo simulations for sizes up to 32^3, down to temperatures below the transition temperature claimed in earlier work. The data for the larger sizes show more marginal behavior than that for the smaller sizes, indicating the lower critical dimension is close to, and possibly equal to three. We find that the spins and chiralities behave in a quite similar manner.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures. Replaced with published versio