Las conductas problemáticas en el aula: propuesta de actuación

Partiendo de los datos aportados por las numerosas investigaciones sobre las variables que influyen en el conflicto y, en la convicción de que la prevención es la mejor intervención sobre los problemas de conducta en los centros, intentamos, con nuestro trabajo, ofrecer una técnica sencilla de aplicar en las aulas, con el fin de anticiparse a la aparición de posibles conductas conflictivas para evitar que estas se conviertan en patológicas y den lugar a conflictos manifiestos. El objetivo es ofrecer al profesorado una herramienta que facilite el cambio de hábitos disruptivos del alumnado por habilidades sociales más cooperativas y de participación.Talking into account the information taken from the numerous investigations on the variables that influence the conflict and the certainty that prevention is the best intervention on the problems of behaviour in the centers, we try, with our work, to offer a easy technique to apply in the classrooms in order to be foresee the manifestation of possible problematique behaviours to prevent them to turn into pathological and produce evident conflicts. The aim is to offer the teachers a tool that facilitates the change of disruptive habits of the student body towards more cooperative and participative social skills

Psychometric Properties of the Barrier Autoinform for the Practice of the Physical Exercise (ABPEF)

El estudio consistió en examinar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de autoinforme de barreras para la práctica del ejercicio físico (ABPEF) y comprobar el efecto del género sobre dichas barreras. Se han estudiado sus propiedades psicométricas con una muestra de 342 adolescentes (media de edad: 15.02±1.86). Se realizaron análisis de confiabilidad, análisis factorial exploratorio, correlación ítem con puntaje total y análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se encuentra una buena confiabilidad interna (α = .86), adecuada correlación ítem con puntaje total, y la presencia de cuatro factores en el análisis factorial exploratorio con correlaciones significativas entre las mismas. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró adecuado ajuste a los datos de un modelo tetrafactorial del cuestionario (χ2 /gl = 3.696; GFI=.89; AGFI=.86; RMSEA=.061). El género femenino presenta mayores barreras para la práctica del ejercicio físico. Este cuestionario es un instrumento fiable y válido y se sugiere su uso en futuras investigacionesThe objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the self-report questionnaire for physical exercise (ABPEF). And to chek the effect of gender on those barriers. Their psychometric properties were studied with a sample of 342 adolescents (mean age: 15.02 ± 1.86). We performed reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, item correlation with total score and confirmatory factor analysis. We found a good internal reliability (α = .86), an adequate item correlation with total score, and the presence of four factors in the exploratory factor analysis with significant correlations between them. The confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate adjustment to the data of a tetrafactorial model of the questionnaire (χ2 / gl = 3.696; GFI = .89; AGFI = .86; RMSEA = .061). The female gender presents greater barriers to the practice of physical exercise. This questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for the population under study, and its use in future research is suggeste

Advantages of using virtual learning environments from the perspective of students and families

Introducción: Este estudio investigó los efectos del diseño de entornos personales de aprendizaje en la superación de la desmotivación discente. Método: Con la finalidad de describir las ventajas en la utilización de los entornos personales de aprendizaje de los participantes respecto a sus propias vivencias de aprendizaje, se utiliza una metodología de estudio de caso evaluativo de orientación etnográfica y como técnica el análisis de contenido de la información recogida de los grupos de discusión con el profesorado, alumnado y padres implicados en la experiencia. Resultados: La utilización de los entornos personales de aprendizaje tiene ventajas para la motivación y el rendimiento docente del alumnado pero se evidencian algunas problemáticas en la implementación del proceso de innovación. Conclusiones: Señalan que es un enfoque pedagógico potencialmente prometedor para integrar tanto el aprendizaje formal e informal utilizando los medios sociales y el apoyo al aprendizaje autorregulado de los estudiantes y ponen de relieve su facilidad de uso.Introduction: This study investigated the effects that the design of personal learning environments has in overcoming student´s lack of motivation. Method: The methodology used was the case study with an ethnographic orientation approach. This methodology allowed to describe the advantages of using the participants personal learning environments regarding their own learning experiences. The technique employed to conduct the study was the analysis of the content of the information that had been collected in group discussion exercises made with teachers, students and parents who got involved in the experience. Results: Using personal learning environments has advantages for student’s motivation and student´s performance. However, there are some evident problems with the implementation of the innovation process. Conclusions: This pedagogical approach represents promising advances in the integration of both formal and informal learning. Furthermore, the use of social media and the support of self-regulated learning highlight the usability of the approach.peerReviewe

Síndrome d'Acumulació Compulsiva: "M'ho guardo. No sigui cas que..."

El 50% de les persones que pateixen aquesta síndrome no presenten un quadre de Transtorn Obsessiu Compulsiu. Una dada clau per entendre més a fons una variant poc estudiada i que cal diferenciar de la síndrome de Diògenes. Es tracta de persones de qualsevol edat, majoritàriament dones, que els resulta difícil desprendre's d'objectes sense valor i amb els que, en gran part dels casos, estableixen un vincle emocional. Una situació que deriva en espais inhabitables de la llar i condiciona el dia a dia del pacient. El següent estudi, encapçalat pel Departament de Psiquiatria de l'Hospital de Bellvitge, i amb la col·laboració de l'Institute of Psychiatry de Londres, obre el camí per continuar investigant. De moment, el mes d'octubre passat, l'article va ser publicat a la revista American Journal of Psychiatry.El 50% de las personas que sufren este síndrome no presentan un cuadro de Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo. Un dato clave para entender más a fondo una variante poco estudiada y que hay que diferenciar del síndrome de Diógenes. Se trata de personas de cualquier edad, mayoritariamente mujeres, que les resulta difícil desprenderse de objetos sin valor y con los que, en gran parte de los casos, establecen un vínculo emocional. Una situación que deriva en espacios inhabitables del hogar y condiciona el día a día del paciente. El siguiente estudio, encabezando por el Departamento de Psiquiatría del Hospital de Bellvitge, y con la colaboración de l'Institute of Psychiatry de Londres, abre el camino para continuar investigando. De momento, el pasado mes de octubre, el artículo fue publicado en la revista American Journal of Psychiatry

Comparative study on pre-competition mood in Canadian and Spanish university students

The purpose of the study is to examine athletes’ mood at Universidad de Vigo (Spain), and at Prince Edward Island University (Canada), with regards with sports performance before competition. 104 students from both universities took part in the study. To measure athletes’ mood, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale was used. The results show that pre-competition mood distribution in athletes from both universities conform to an iceberg-type profile, as it is usually found in this kind of studies. Mood states are similar among all students, except for the fatigue factor, higher in Canadian students. Knowledge of pre-competition mood states is an essential tool to improve performance in athletes

Calidad de movimiento evaluado a través del Test FMS en estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Educación Física durante el año 2016

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física, Licenciado en Educación)“Quality of movement evaluated from the test FMS in first year students of Physical Education career during 2016” The objective of this thesis was to functionally diagnose first year students of Physical Education career in Andres Bello University Casona´s headquarters Las Condes, with the purpose to get the physical Functional condition of the evaluated students. The functional test used for this aim was FMS (Functional Movement Screeing). The theme is approached through an investigation question presented then: What is the quality of movement of male and female students of physical education in Andres Bello University in 2016, in relation with their mobility, balance and estability? To address this question, the FMS test was performed, evaluatinge the three variables of interest. With this, each variable will be recognized and explain, also helping to recognize diferences of gender, allowing to the teachers to have a specific work in the physic branches in agreement to the capacities that each gender have

Terahertz integrated antenna arrays for imaging applications

Terahertz is the portion of the spectrum that covers a frequency range between 300 GHz - 3 THz. This frequency band has proven its potential for imaging applications thanks to the good compromise between spatial resolution and penetration; however, this push towards high frequencies contains many technological difficulties in all the subsystems involved in the signal generation, transmission and detection. The power budget restrictions and high losses that sources and receivers currently suffer at these frequencies require systems with a high level of integration among all the devices and components of the systems and subsystems. Therefore, the antennas needed for these systems require to be integrated within the same fabrication processes and technologies as the sensing and power converting devices that are used at their terminals. This doctoral thesis has focused on the development of integrated antenna arrays at Terahertz frequencies for imaging applications, for both near-field and focal-plane geometries, with a special emphasis on the technologies and the fabrication capabilities that can be potentially used and are currently available. The current imaging systems require large arrays of antennas in order to achieve the high-speed image acquisition that is required in most THz applications. This fact increases considerably the difficulty and complexity to achieve highly integrated and efficient antennas. This thesis has characterized and analyzed these difficulties and provided solutions to the development of antenna arrays at millimeter and submillimeter wave frequencies. The first part of this thesis has focused on the study of a planar antenna array, called retina, for a specific near-field imaging system based on the Modulated Scatterer Technique (MST) at millimeter and submillimeter-wave frequencies. This system has been selected for its capabilities to perform high-speed imaging and because it does not require a high frequency distribution line network. However, it is hindered by many technological difficulties: the selection of an antenna geometry that achieves high efficiency, the selection of the adequate active element and its integration with the antenna. In this thesis, these challenges have been addressed and studied in-depth, and a design methodology that integrates all the different aspects of the system has been developed. Because planar antennas at millimeter and submillimeter wave frequencies suffer from high losses due to the surface wave modes inside substrate, these losses have been analyzed and quantified for different antennas, and an antenna geometry that reduces significantly this problem has been developed. Different switching technologies currently or potentially available at these high frequencies have been considered in order to study and analyze their capabilities and their integration possibilities: PIN diodes, Schottky diodes and RF-MEMS. These technologies have been studied through the development of three retina prototypes, which have been fabricated using high precision fabrication processes such as laser micromachining and photolithographic. Different measurement set ups were fabricated and assembled to validate the different premises presented. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the study of integrated Focal Plane Arrays (FPA). The development of FPA at submillimeter wave frequencies is highly on demand due to the enormous progress in designing integrated heterodyne receivers. These receivers integrate arrays of submillimeter-wave diode-based mixers and multipliers with Monolithically Integrated Circuit (MIC) amplifiers on the same wafer stack. For this stackable multi-pixel terahertz camera technology to work, a leaky wave antenna with silicon micro-lenses has been developed, which allows wafer level integration compatible with silicon micro-fabrication techniques for bulk array manufacturing and has high directivity in order to illuminate a reflector efficiently. Detailed and thorough design guidelines for this antenna are presented. Two antenna prototypes were built in order to evaluate the two fabrication possibilities: advanced laser micro-fabrication and photolithographic fabrication. A study of the aberrations of the lens has been developed in order to evaluate the performance of the lens profile fabricated. Moreover, a set of radiation pattern measurements of the fabricated prototypes was performed in order to evaluate the performance of the antenna and its possibilities to be used as a FPA

Factors Associated with Long-Term Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders: a Cohort Study of 7.112 Patients during the Spanish Economic Crisis

Background: Mental health problems are very common and often lead to prolonged sickness absence, having serious economic repercussions for most European countries. Periods of economic crisis are important social phenomena that are assumed to increase sickness absence due to mental disorders, although research on this topic remains scarce. The aim of this study was to gather data on long-term sickness absence (and relapse) due to mental disorders in Spain during a period of considerable socio-economic crisis. Methods: Relationships were analyzed (using chi-squared tests and multivariate modelling via binary logistic regression) between clinical, social/employment-related and demographic factors associated and long-term sickness absence (>60 consecutive days) due to mental disorders in a cohort of 7112 Spanish patients during the period 2008-2012. Results: Older age, severe mental disorders, being self-employed, having a non-permanent contract, and working in the real estate and construction sector were associated with an increased probability of long-term sickness absence (gender had a mediating role with respect to some of these variables). Relapses were associated with short-term sick leave (return to work due to 'improvement') and with working in the transport sector and public administration. Conclusions: Aside from medical factors, other social/employment-related and demographic factors have a significant influence on the duration of sickness absence due to mental disorders

Brain circuitry of compulsivity.

Compulsivity is associated with alterations in the structure and the function of parallel and interacting brain circuits involved in emotional processing (involving both the reward and the fear circuits), cognitive control, and motor functioning. These brain circuits develop during the pre-natal period and early childhood under strong genetic and environmental influences. In this review we bring together literature on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes in compulsivity, based mainly on studies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction. Disease symptoms normally change over time. Goal-directed behaviors, in response to reward or anxiety, often become more habitual over time. During the course of compulsive disorders the mental processes and repetitive behaviors themselves contribute to the neuroplastic changes in the involved circuits, mainly in case of chronicity. On the other hand, successful treatment is able to normalize altered circuit functioning or to induce compensatory mechanisms. We conclude that insight in the neurobiological characteristics of the individual symptom profile and disease course, including the potential targets for neuroplasticity is an unmet need to advance the field.Dr. Soriano-Mas is funded by a ׳Miguel Servet׳ contract from the Carlos III Health Institute (CP10/00604). Dr. Goudriaan is supported by a VIDI Innovative Research Grant (Grant no. 91713354) funded by the Dutch Scientific Research Association (NWO-ZonMW). Dr. Alonso was funded by the Instituto de Salut Carlos III-FISPI14/00413. Dr. Nakamae received Grant support from MEXT KAKENHI (Nos. 24791223 and 26461753).This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.00

Cortical Abnormalities Associated With Pediatric and Adult Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings From the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group

Objective: Brain imaging studies of structural abnormalities in OCD have yielded inconsistent results, partly due to limited statistical power, clinical heterogeneity, and methodological differences. Here, we perform meta- and mega-analyses comprising the largest study of cortical morphometry in OCD ever undertaken. Methods: T1-weighted MRI scans of 1905 OCD patients and 1760 healthy controls from 27 sites worldwide were processed locally using FreeSurfer to assess cortical thickness and surface area. Effect sizes for differences between patients and controls, and associations with clinical characteristics, were calculated using linear regression models controlling for age, sex, site, and intracranial volume. Results: In adult OCD patients versus controls, we found significantly lower surface area of the transverse temporal cortex and a thinner inferior parietal cortex. Medicated adult OCD patients also showed thinner cortices throughout the brain. In pediatric OCD patients versus controls, we found significantly thinner inferior and superior parietal cortices, but none of the regions analyzed showed significant differences in surface area. However, medicated pediatric OCD patients had lower surface area in frontal regions. Cohen's d effect sizes varied between −0.10 and −0.33. Conclusion The parietal cortex was consistently implicated both in adults and children with OCD. More widespread cortical thickness abnormalities were found in medicated adult OCD patients, and more pronounced surface area deficits (mainly in frontal regions) were found in medicated pediatric OCD patients. These cortical measures represent distinct morphological features and may be differentially affected during different stages of development and illness, and possibly moderated by disease profile and medication