EFEITOS DO ENSINO REMOTO EMERGENCIAL NAS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS UNIVERSITÁRIAS: UM RETRATO DE PESQUISAS EM CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO

No artigo, nos embasamos em Andrew Feenberg, Álvaro Vieira-Pinto e Paulo Freire para apresentar e discutir resultados de pesquisas que focalizaram suas análises nos efeitos do Ensino Remoto Emergencial nas práticas pedagógicas universitárias brasileiras, bem como nas apropriações educacionais das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação nesse momento de pandemia do coronavírus (2020-2021). Para tanto, realizamos um estudo de revisão de trabalhos publicados neste período, selecionando os que refletiram sobre os processos de ensino-aprendizagem em cursos superiores durante o ERE. O retrato das pesquisas selecionadas, sobre as práticas e reflexões produzidas no período de adaptação do ensino presencial ao remoto, nas universidades brasileiras, expôs diversas fragilidades e potencialidades do Ensino Remoto Emergencial, trazendo à tona questões relevantes para o debate, principalmente, acerca de políticas públicas e desigualdades socioeconômicas. As novas demandas da educação, advindas da impossibilidade de aulas presenciais, geraram, igualmente, novas demandas para a pesquisa em educação, com foco na relação entre esta e a tecnologia

Personal data usage and privacy considerations in the COVID-19 global pandemic

Data has become increasingly important and valuable for both scientists and health authorities searching for answers to the COVID-19 crisis. Due to difficulties in diagnosing this infection in populations around the world, initiatives supported by digital technologies are being developed by governments and private companies to enable the tracking of the public’s symptoms, contacts and movements. Considering the current scenario, initiatives designed to support infection surveillance and monitoring are essential and necessary. Nonetheless, ethical, legal and technical questions abound regarding the amount and types of personal data being collected, processed, shared and used in the name of public health, as well as the concomitant or posterior use of this data. These challenges demonstrate the need for new models of responsible and transparent data and technology governance in efforts to control SARS-COV2, as well as in future public health emergencies

Influence of isolation technique on the survival of resin-modified glass-ionomer restorations in primary molars : a 9-months randomized controlled trial

Objective: To compare the survival of occlusal and occlusal-proximal restorations performed with resinmodified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) in deciduous molars using rubber dam and cotton rolls isolation. Material and Methods: Ninety-two patients were included and 200 deciduous molars with cavitated occlusal or occlusoproximal dentin caries lesions were randomized into two groups: cotton rolls (n = 100) and rubber dam (n = 100) and RMGIC restorations were placed. At baseline and in the follow-up visit, presence, severity and activity of caries lesions were registered. Two independent, blinded examiners evaluated the treated teeth clinically using the USPHS criteria and radiographically after 9 months. Descriptive analysis, survival curve (log-rank test) and Cox regression were performed to assess risk factors related to failure. Results: Out of the 179 teeth (92 cotton rolls group and 87 rubber dam group) evaluated at 9-month follow-up period. No lesion progression was observed radiographically. The overall treatment success rate was 85.47% (83.47% for cotton rolls and 87.35 rubber dam group). No significant difference between isolation methods was observed in the log-rank test (p = 0.16). Cox regression showed no risk factors related to failure. Conclusion: No difference was found in the survival of occlusal and occlusalproximal restorations performed with RMGIC in deciduous molars using a rubber dam and cotton rolls isolation after a 9-month follow-up period

Preservação da privacidade no enfrentamento da COVID-19: dados pessoais e a pandemia global

Data is becoming ever more critical and valuable for both scientists and health authorities searching for answers to the COVID-19 crisis. Due to difficulties in diagnosing this infection in populations around the world, initiatives supported by digital technologies have been developed by governments or private companies which enable the tracking of the public’s symptoms, contacts and movements. Considering the current scenario, these initiatives, designed to support the surveillance and monitoring of contagion, are essential and necessary.  Nonetheless, ethical, legal and technical questions remain unanswered regarding the amount and types of personal data being collected, processed, shared and used in the name of public health, as well as the concomitant or later use of this data. These challenges demonstrate the need for new models of responsible and transparent data and technology governance in efforts to control Sars-Cov2 as well as future public health emergencies.Dados ganham cada vez mais importância e valor na busca de respostas para enfrentar a COVID-19 tanto para ciência quanto para as autoridades sanitárias. Em virtude da dificuldade de realizar diagnóstico da infecção na população em geral, iniciativas apoiadas em tecnologias digitais vem sendo desenvolvidas por governos ou empresas privadas para possibilitar rastreamentos de sintomas, contatos e deslocamentos para apoiar estratégias de acompanhamento e avaliação na vigilância de contágios. A despeito da importância e necessidade dessas iniciativas, questionamentos acerca da quantidade e tipos de dados pessoais coletados, processados, compartilhados e utilizados em nome da saúde pública, bem como os concomitantes ou posteriores usos desses dados, suscitam questionamentos éticos, legais e técnicos. Desafios que apontam para a necessidade de novos modelos de governança de dados e de tecnologias, responsáveis e transparentes, para controlar o Sars-Cov2 e as futuras emergências de saúde pública

New regimens of benznidazole monotherapy and in combination with fosravuconazole for treatment of Chagas disease (BENDITA): a phase 2, double-blind, randomised trial

Background: Current treatment for Chagas disease with the only available drugs, benznidazole or nifurtimox, has substantial limitations, including long treatment duration and safety and tolerability concerns. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new benznidazole monotherapy regimens and combinations with fosravuconazole, in the treatment of Chagas disease. Methods: We did a double-blind, double-dummy, phase 2, multicentre, randomised trial in three outpatient units in Bolivia. Adults aged 18–50 years with chronic indeterminate Chagas disease, confirmed by serological testing and positive qualitative PCR results, were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1:1:1) to one of seven treatment groups using a balanced block randomisation scheme with an interactive response system. Participants were assigned to benznidazole 300 mg daily for 8 weeks, 4 weeks, or 2 weeks, benznidazole 150 mg daily for 4 weeks, benznidazole 150 mg daily for 4 weeks plus fosravuconazole, benznidazole 300 mg once per week for 8 weeks plus fosravuconazole, or placebo, with a 12-month follow-up period. The primary endpoints were sustained parasitological clearance at 6 months, defined as persistent negative qualitative PCR results from end of treatment, and incidence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events, serious adverse events, and adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation. Primary efficacy analysis was based on the intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations and secondary efficacy analyses on the per-protocol population. Safety analyses were based on the as-treated population. Recruitment is now closed. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03378661. Findings: Between Nov 30, 2016, and July 27, 2017, we screened 518 patients, and 210 were enrolled and randomised. 30 patients (14%) were assigned to each treatment group. All 210 randomised patients were included in the intention-to-treat population, and 190 (90%) were included in the per-protocol population. In the intention-to-treat analysis, only one (3%) of 30 patients in the placebo group had sustained parasitological clearance at 6 months of follow-up. Sustained parasitological clearance at 6 months was observed in 25 (89%) of 28 patients receiving benznidazole 300 mg daily for 8 weeks (rate difference vs placebo 86% [95% CI 73–99]), 25 (89%) of 28 receiving benznidazole 300 mg daily for 4 weeks (86% [73–99]), 24 (83%) of 29 receiving benznidazole 300 mg daily for 2 weeks (79% [64–95]), 25 (83%) of 30 receiving benznidazole 150 mg daily for 4 weeks (80% [65–95]), 23 (85%) of 28 receiving benznidazole 150 mg daily for 4 weeks plus fosravuconazole (82% [67–97]), and 24 (83%) of 29 receiving benznidazole 300 mg weekly for 8 weeks plus fosravuconazole (79% [64–95]; p<0·0001 for all group comparisons with placebo). Six patients (3%) had ten serious adverse events (leukopenia [n=3], neutropenia [n=2], pyrexia, maculopapular rash, acute cholecystitis, biliary polyp, and breast cancer), eight had 12 severe adverse events (defined as interfering substantially with the patient's usual functions; elevated alanine aminotransferase [n=4], elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase [n=2], elevated aspartate aminotransferase [n=1], neutropenia [n=3], leukopenia [n=1], and breast cancer [n=1]), and 15 (7%) had adverse events that led to treatment discontinuation (most of these were in the groups who received benznidazole 300 mg daily for 8 weeks, benznidazole 300 mg once per week for 8 weeks plus fosravuconazole, and benznidazole 150 mg daily for 4 weeks plus fosravuconazole). No adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation were observed in patients treated with benznidazole 300 mg daily for 2 weeks or placebo. There were no treatment-related deaths. Interpretation: Benznidazole induced effective antiparasitic response, regardless of treatment duration, dose, or combination with fosravuconazole, and was well tolerated in adult patients with chronic Chagas disease. Shorter or reduced regimens of benznidazole could substantially improve treatment tolerability and accessibility, but further studies are needed to confirm these results. Funding: Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi). Translation: For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.Fil: Torrico, Faustino. Fundación Ciencia y Estudios Aplicados para el Desarrollo en Salud y Medio Ambiente; Bolivia. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; BoliviaFil: Gascón, Joaquim. Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona; España. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Barreira, Fabiana. DNDi Latin America; BrasilFil: Blum, Bethania. DNDi Latin America; BrasilFil: Almeida, Igor C. University of Texas at El Paso; Estados UnidosFil: Alonso Vega, Cristina. DNDi Latin America; Brasil. Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Barboza, Tayná. DNDi Latin America; BrasilFil: Bilbe, Graeme. Drugs For Neglected Diseases Initiative; SuizaFil: Correia, Erika. DNDi Latin America; BrasilFil: Garcia, Wilson. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; Bolivia. Fundación Ciencia y Estudios Aplicados para el Desarrollo en Salud y Medio Ambiente ; BoliviaFil: Ortiz, Lourdes. Universidad Autónoma Juan Misael Saracho; Bolivia. Fundación Ciencia y Estudios Aplicados para el Desarrollo en Salud y Medio Ambiente; BoliviaFil: Parrado, Rudy. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; BoliviaFil: Ramirez Gomez, Juan Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán". Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben"; ArgentinaFil: Ribeiro, Isabela. Drugs For Neglected Diseases Initiative; SuizaFil: Strub Wourgaft, Nathalie. Drugs For Neglected Diseases Initiative; SuizaFil: Vaillant, Michel. Luxembourg Institute Of Health; LuxemburgoFil: Sosa-Estani, Sergio Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Argentina. DNDi Latin America; Brasi

RELACIONAMENTO INTERPESSOAL: IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE COMPORTAMENTOS PARA TRABALHO EM EQUIPE EM UNIDADE CORONARIANA

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar, na equipe multiprofissional da unidade coronariana, comportamentos facilitadores e dificultadores, para o trabalho em equipe, na perspectiva do relacionamento interprofissional. Metodologia: pesquisa descritiva/ abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se técnica do incidente crítico, desenvolvida em unidade coronariana de um hospital público de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Coleta realizada em 2014, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram 45 profissionais da equipe multiprofissional. Critério de inclusão: trabalhar na referida unidade há, no mínimo, 12 meses; critério de exclusão: estar afastado do trabalho à época da coleta definitiva dos dados e não ser localizado após três tentativas para agendamento/realização da entrevista. Análise de dados pautada na análise de conteúdo e na técnica do incidente crítico. Resultados: ocorrência de 218 comportamentos, sendo 113 positivos e 105 negativos, relacionados ao trabalho em equipe, quanto ao relacionamento interprofissional, emergindo três categorias: colaborar com o colega, trocar informações com outro agente e interagir com colega. Predomínio de comportamentos facilitadores para trabalho em equipe, destacando-se a comunicação entre os agentes. Conclusões: evidenciaram-se investimento e esforço dos profissionais para transpor obstáculos, na tentativa de implementar o trabalho em equipe como potência para atuar sobre o objeto de trabalho e atingir, com êxito, a finalidade do trabalho em saúde

Restrictive and driving factors for teamwork in primary health care

To identify, from the professionals' perspective, restrictive and driving factors for teamwork, in the Family Health Strategy. Descriptive study / qualitative approach, carried out with a Family Health Strategy team, in a municipality in the interior of Minas Gerais. Population constituted of nine professionals working in the team for at least six months, interviewed in August / 2016. Data analysis followed content analysis, thematic modality. Nine professionals participated: six community health agents, one physician, one dentist and one oral health aide. The results that emerged from the interviews were grouped by content affinity, in four thematic units, of which two referred to difficulties (restrictive factors) and two, to facilities (driving factors) for teamwork. Restrictive factors for teamwork were included in thematic units: Inadequate organization and resources and weakened interpersonal relationships. It has been shown that inadequate organization / resources and fragile interpersonal relationships restrict and limit teamwork in the Family Health Strategy. The driving factors for teamwork were gathered in thematic units: In-service training and interpersonal relationships based on appropriate collaboration and communication. It was verified that in-service training and interpersonal relationship, based on collaboration, mutual aid and communication, impelled the said teamwork. Both the restrictive and the driving factors for teamwork are linked to the conditions for carrying out the work and the relationship between team agents. The evidence found in this research can lead to advances in organizational behavior, with emphasis on management practices aimed at ensuring and supporting the effective development of the teamwork modalit