The Decline in the Uninsured in 2007: Why Did It Happen and Can It Last?

Examines 2004-07 trends in the number of non-elderly uninsured, the drop in 2007, employer and public coverage rates, and the causes of the rise in public coverage, most likely temporary. Provides data by income, region, age, and other demographics

How Courts Adjudicate Patent Definiteness and Disclosure

Section 112 of the Patent Act requires patentees to clearly explain what their invention is (a requirement known as claim definiteness), as well as how to make and use it (the disclosure requirements of enablement and written description). Many concerns about the modern patent system stem from these requirements. But despite the critical importance of § 112 to the functioning of the patent system, there is surprisingly little empirical data about how it has been applied in practice. To remedy the reliance on anecdotes, we have created a hand-coded dataset of 1144 reported court decisions from 1982 to 2012 in which U.S. district courts or the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit rendered a decision on the enablement, written-description, or claim-definiteness requirements of § 112. We coded validity outcomes under these three doctrines on a novel five-level scale so as to capture significant subtlety in the strength of each decision, and we also classified patents by technology and industry categories. We also coded for a number of litigation characteristics that could arguably influence outcomes. Although one must be cautious about generalizing from reported decisions due to selection effects, our results show some statistically significant disparities in § 112 outcomes for different technologies and industries—although fewer than the conventional wisdom suggests, and not always in the direction that many have believed. Just as importantly, our analysis reveals significant relationships between other variables and § 112 litigation outcomes, including whether a district court or the Federal Circuit made the last decision in a case, whether a patent claim was drafted in means-plus-function format, and whether a case was decided before or after Markman v. Westview Instruments. Our results showing how § 112 has been applied in practice will be helpful in evaluating current proposals for reform, and our rich dataset will enable more systematic studies of these critical doctrines in the future

Weyl images of Kantor pairs

Kantor pairs arise naturally in the study of 5-graded Lie algebras. In this article, we begin the study of simple Kantor pairs of arbitrary dimension. We introduce Weyl images of Kantor pairs and use them to construct examples of Kantor pairs including a new class of central simple Kantor pairs.Comment: 43 pages. In the last section of this new version, the assumption that the ring of scalars is a field is dropped. This allows the construction of many forms of split Kantor pairs of type $E_6$ over rings. To facilitate this change, some small revisions are made in earlier sections. To be published in the Canadian Journal of Mathematic

SMALL FARM POLYPERIOD PLANNING MODEL FOR DEVELOPING ECONOMIES

Farm Management,

2012 State of Metropolitan Housing Report

This report updates Metropolitan Housing Coalition's nine annual measures of fair and affordable housing for the Louisville, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area: Concentration of Subsidized Housing; Housing Segregation; Renters with Excessive Cost Burden; Production and Rehabilitation of Affordable Housing; Homeownership Rate; Access to Homeownership; Foreclosures; Homelessness; and Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) and HOME Funds.The 2012 State of Metropolitan Housing Report clearly demonstrates Metropolitan Louisville's growing need for safe, fair, and affordable housing. For the first time, the tenth annual State of Metropoltian Housing Report includes data on the number of children experiencing homelessness in the MSA's public school systems; before MHC reported only on Jefferson County Public Schools.The 2012 report also includes a focus topic: vacant properties and their impact on the community as well as current efforts and best practices that to address this issue. Additionally, the report also drills down into the Neighborhood Stabilization Program, a federal program designed to address the issue of vacant properties, and how it was used in Louisville