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p-probabilistic k-anonymous microaggregation for the anonymization of surveys with uncertain participation

We develop a probabilistic variant of k-anonymous microaggregation which we term p-probabilistic resorting to a statistical model of respondent participation in order to aggregate quasi-identifiers in such a manner that k-anonymity is concordantly enforced with a parametric probabilistic guarantee. Succinctly owing the possibility that some respondents may not finally participate, sufficiently larger cells are created striving to satisfy k-anonymity with probability at least p. The microaggregation function is designed before the respondents submit their confidential data. More precisely, a specification of the function is sent to them which they may verify and apply to their quasi-identifying demographic variables prior to submitting the microaggregated data along with the confidential attributes to an authorized repository. We propose a number of metrics to assess the performance of our probabilistic approach in terms of anonymity and distortion which we proceed to investigate theoretically in depth and empirically with synthetic and standardized data. We stress that in addition to constituting a functional extension of traditional microaggregation, thereby broadening its applicability to the anonymization of statistical databases in a wide variety of contexts, the relaxation of trust assumptions is arguably expected to have a considerable impact on user acceptance and ultimately on data utility through mere availability.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

The Ksar Ghilane 002 shergottite-The 100th registered Martian meteorite fragment

We report on the discovery of a new shergottite from Tunisia, Ksar Ghilane (KG) 002. This single stone, weighing 538 g, is a coarse-grained basaltic shergottite, mainly composed of maskelynitized plagioclase (approximately 52 vol%) and pyroxene (approximately 37 vol%). It also contains Fe-rich olivine (approximately 4.5 vol%), large Ca-phosphates, including both merrillites and Cl-apatites (approximately 3.4 vol%), minor amounts of silica or SiO_2-normative K-rich glass, pyrrhotite, Ti-magnetite, ilmenite, and accessory baddeleyite. The largest crystals of pyroxene and plagioclase reach sizes of approximately 4 to 5 mm. Pyroxenes (Fs_(26–96)En_(5–50)Wo_(2–41)). They typically range from cores of about Fs_(29)En_(41)Wo_(30) to rims of about Fs_(68)En_(14)Wo_(17). Maskelynite is Ab_(41–49)An_(39–58)Or_(1–7) in composition, but some can be as anorthitic as An_(93). Olivine (Fa_(91–96)) occurs mainly within symplectitic intergrowths, in paragenesis with ilmenite, or at neighboring areas of symplectites. KG 002 is heavily shocked (S5) as indicated by mosaic extinction of pyroxenes, maskelynitized plagioclase, the occurrence of localized shock melt glass pockets, and low radiogenic He concentration. Oxygen isotopes confirm that it is a normal member of the SNC suite. KG 002 is slightly depleted in LREE and shows a positive Eu anomaly, providing evidence for complex magma genesis and mantle processes on Mars. Noble gases with a composition thought to be characteristic for Martian interior is a dominant component. Measurements of ^(10)Be, ^(26)Al, and ^(53)Mn and comparison with Monte Carlo calculations of production rates indicate that KG 002 has been exposed to cosmic rays most likely as a single meteoroid body of 35–65 cm radius. KG 002 strongly resembles Los Angeles and NWA 2800 basaltic shergottites in element composition, petrography, and mineral chemistry, suggesting a possible launch-pairing. The similar CRE ages of KG 002 and Los Angeles may suggest an ejection event at approximately 3.0 Ma

¿En qué ocasiones el médico de familia solicita un tratamiento psicológico para sus pacientes? : análisis descriptivo y de concordancia entre diagnósticos

Los trastornos mentales son una de las causas más importantes de morbilidad en el mundo, y suponen elevados costes económicos y sociales. La atención primaria de salud juega un papel importante en su detección y tratamiento. Los tratamientos psicológicos, que han sido a menudo mal difundidos, son una opción de tratamiento eficaz para una gran parte de los trastornos mentales. El presente estudio pretende investigar en qué casos el médico de familia solicitó un tratamiento psicológico para sus pacientes. Se analizaron las solicitudes escritas que había realizado el médico de familia (n=322). Los principales resultados sugieren una discrepancia en cuanto a la necesidad de realizar un tratamiento psicológico, así como una ausencia de concordancia entre diagnósticos (médico de familia vs psicólogo). Los datos obtenidos podrían sugerir la necesidad de mejorar la difusión de los tratamientos psicológicos basados en la evidencia, especialmente en la atención primaria de saludThe mental health problems are one of the most important causes of morbidity in the World, and suppose a source of high economic and societal costs. The primary health care plays an important role in their detection and treatment. The psychological treatments have been often poorly disseminated; nevertheless, they are an efficacious treatment option for a great part of mental disorders. This study aims to analyze the indication of psychological treatments which were made by the general practitioners. The data presented in the written solicitude was analyzed (n=322). A discrepancy in the need to realize a psychological treatment, and the absence of concordance between diagnoses (family doctor vs. psychologist), were the major findings. These results could suggest a need of improve the dissemination of evidence based psychological treatments, especially in the primary health care setting

¿En qué ocasiones el médico de familia solicita un tratamiento psicológico para sus pacientes? : análisis descriptivo y de concordancia entre diagnósticos

Los trastornos mentales son una de las causas más importantes de morbilidad en el mundo, y suponen elevados costes económicos y sociales. La atención primaria de salud juega un papel importante en su detección y tratamiento. Los tratamientos psicológicos, que han sido a menudo mal difundidos, son una opción de tratamiento eficaz para una gran parte de los trastornos mentales. El presente estudio pretende investigar en qué casos el médico de familia solicitó un tratamiento psicológico para sus pacientes. Se analizaron las solicitudes escritas que había realizado el médico de familia (n=322). Los principales resultados sugieren una discrepancia en cuanto a la necesidad de realizar un tratamiento psicológico, así como una ausencia de concordancia entre diagnósticos (médico de familia vs psicólogo). Los datos obtenidos podrían sugerir la necesidad de mejorar la difusión de los tratamientos psicológicos basados en la evidencia, especialmente en la atención primaria de saludThe mental health problems are one of the most important causes of morbidity in the World, and suppose a source of high economic and societal costs. The primary health care plays an important role in their detection and treatment. The psychological treatments have been often poorly disseminated; nevertheless, they are an efficacious treatment option for a great part of mental disorders. This study aims to analyze the indication of psychological treatments which were made by the general practitioners. The data presented in the written solicitude was analyzed (n=322). A discrepancy in the need to realize a psychological treatment, and the absence of concordance between diagnoses (family doctor vs. psychologist), were the major findings. These results could suggest a need of improve the dissemination of evidence based psychological treatments, especially in the primary health care setting

p-probabilistic k-anonymous microaggregation for the anonymization of surveys with uncertain participation

We develop a probabilistic variant of k-anonymous microaggregation which we term p-probabilistic resorting to a statistical model of respondent participation in order to aggregate quasi-identifiers in such a manner that k-anonymity is concordantly enforced with a parametric probabilistic guarantee. Succinctly owing the possibility that some respondents may not finally participate, sufficiently larger cells are created striving to satisfy k-anonymity with probability at least p. The microaggregation function is designed before the respondents submit their confidential data. More precisely, a specification of the function is sent to them which they may verify and apply to their quasi-identifying demographic variables prior to submitting the microaggregated data along with the confidential attributes to an authorized repository. We propose a number of metrics to assess the performance of our probabilistic approach in terms of anonymity and distortion which we proceed to investigate theoretically in depth and empirically with synthetic and standardized data. We stress that in addition to constituting a functional extension of traditional microaggregation, thereby broadening its applicability to the anonymization of statistical databases in a wide variety of contexts, the relaxation of trust assumptions is arguably expected to have a considerable impact on user acceptance and ultimately on data utility through mere availability.Peer Reviewe

The meteorite of Barcelona (1704): History, discovery, and classification

On Christmas Day 1704, at 17 h (UT), a meteorite fell in Terrassa (about 25 km NW of Barcelona). The meteorite fall was seen and heard by many people over an area of several hundred kilometers and it was recorded in several historical sources. In fact, it was interpreted as a divine sign and used for propaganda purposes during the War of the Spanish Succession. Although it was believed that meteorite fragments were never preserved, here we discuss the recent discovery of two fragments (49.8 and 33.7 g) of the Barcelona meteorite in the Salvador Cabinet collection (Botanic Institute of Barcelona). They are very well preserved and partially covered by a fresh fusion crust, which suggests a prompt recovery, shortly after the fall. Analysis of the fragments has revealed that the Barcelona meteorite is an L6 ordinary chondrite. These fragments are among the oldest historical meteorites preserved in the world