Determination of the Role of Regulatory T-cell in Patients with Psoriasis

      الصدفية احد امراض المناعة الذاتية الجلدية المعروفة في المجتمعات البشرية,حيث هدفت الدراسة الحالية لتحديد الدور الذي تلعبه الخلايا التائية المنظمة. بينت النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها ان مرض الصدفية من الامراض المنتشرة بشكل ملحوظ في فئات عمرية مختلفة مدينة الديوانية, حيث كانت الفئة العمرية (1-20) سنة هي الاكثر تسجيلا للمرض تلتها الفئة (20-40) سنة, ويلاحظ فيها وجود ميل للاصابة عند النساء اكثر مما عند الرجال. سجلت البيانات التي تم الحصول عليها ان التعبير الجيني النسبي للجين  FoxP3 زيادة معنوية ملحوضة  في مجموعة المرضى حيث بلغت  (7.89±5.82) بينما كانت قيم تعبي الجين في مجموعة السيطرة الاصحاء (1.91±1.25). أما بالنسبة للتعبير الجيني للجين NFAT فقد اظهر هو الاخر زيادة معنوية في قيم التعبير في مجموعة المرضى بلغت (7.66±3.27) مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة التي سجلت في حين كانت بمجموعة السيطرة (3.002±0.86). كذلك ومن الملاحظ ايضا وجود زيادة عالية المعنوية للتعبير الجيني للجين AP1 في مجموعة المرضى , اذ بلغت (5.34±1.08) في حين كانت في مجموعة السيطرة (1.88±1.25) . بينت الدراسة المصلية للحركيات الخلوية ان قيم عامل تنخر السرطان TNF-α ارتفعت بمجموعة المرضى ((194±32.9 pg/ml عما هو عليه في مجموعة السيطرة ((112±18.6 pg/ml. كذلك فان قيم IL-36 هي الاخرى سجلت ارتفاعا لتبلغ 149.6±31.3pg/ml)) بالمقارنة مع السيطرة( 37.4±9.9 pg/ml). من مجمل النتائج المحصل عليها هي وجود ارتفاعا غير طبيعي لنشاط الخلايا المؤثرة المناعية مثل الخلايا المساعدة يقابلها زيادة في فعالية الخلايا التائية المنظمة  الامر الذي يقود لتطور مرض الصدفية عند المصابين.     Psoriasis is one of most common autoimmune cutaneous diseases of the human communities, current study was aimed to determine the role of      T-reg in patients with Psoriasis .Obtained data explained that psorasis is widely distributed disease at Al-Diwanyia city withen different age groups, the most affected group was the group (1-20) years old followed by the group (21-40) years old with tendency to males than females. ). The relative gene expression in FoxP3 gene showed increment in patients group (7.89±5.82) compared with control group which was (1.91±1.25), NFAT gene showed increment in patients group (7.66±3.27) compared with control group which was (3.002±0.86). AP1gene showed an increment in patients group (5.34±1.08) compared with control group which was (1.88±1.25). Serum profile of TNF-α in patients appeared to be elevated (194±32.9) pg/ml than control group (112±18.6) pg/ml. Obtained data also indicated a remarkable increase in serum concentrations of IL-36 (149.6±31.3)pg/ml, in comparison to control group (37.4±9.9) pg/ml. Over all findings reflect the abnormal increased activity of both T-reg and the effector cells which result in the progression of psoriasis

Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in the Middle East and north Africa: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in the Middle East and north Africa is poorly understood. We aimed to provide a comprehensive epidemiological assessment of C trachomatis infection in the Middle East and north Africa. METHODS: We did a systematic review of C trachomatis infection as well as a meta-analysis and meta-regression of C trachomatis prevalence. We searched PubMed and Embase, as well as regional and national databases up to March 13, 2019, using broad search terms with no language or year restrictions. Any document or report including biological measures for C trachomatis prevalence or incidence was eligible for inclusion. We extracted all measures of current (genital or rectal), recent, and ever infection with C trachomatis. We estimated pooled average prevalence in different populations using random-effects meta-analysis. Factors associated with prevalence and sources of between-study heterogeneity were determined using meta-regression. FINDINGS: We identified a total of 1531 citations, of which 255 reports contributed to 552 C trachomatis prevalence measures from 20 countries. No incidence measures were identified. Pooled prevalence of current genital infection was 3·0% (95% CI 2·3-3·8) in general populations, 2·8% (1·0-5·2) in intermediate-risk populations, 13·2% (7·2-20·7) in female sex workers, 11·3% (9·0-13·7) in infertility clinic attendees, 12·4% (7·9-17·7) in women with miscarriage, 12·4% (9·4-15·7) in symptomatic women, and 17·4% (12·5-22·8) in symptomatic men. Pooled prevalence of current rectal infection was 7·7% (4·2-12·0) in men who have sex with men. Substantial between-study heterogeneity was found. Multivariable meta-regression explained 29·0% of variation. Population type was most strongly associated with prevalence. Additional associations were found with assay type, sample size, country, and sex, but not with sampling methodology or response rate (about 90% of studies used convenience sampling and >75% had unclear response rate). There was no evidence for temporal variation in prevalence between 1982 and 2018. INTERPRETATION: C trachomatis prevalence in the Middle East and north Africa is similar to other regions, but higher than expected given its sexually conservative norms. High prevalence in infertility clinic attendees and in women with miscarriage suggests a potential role for C trachomatis in poor reproductive health outcomes in this region. FUNDING: National Priorities Research Program from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation)

Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students and Acculturative Stress

Culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students may experience stress related to acculturation experiences, specifically in balancing the tension between conforming to mainstream cultural pressures and maintaining the values and traditions of their culture of origin. This qualitative study will share results from a focus group conducted with first- and second-generation American students regarding experiences of acculturative stress. Nine first and second generation CLD students were interviewed over Zoom and Google Meets meetings about their acculturative experiences. Students described their experiences as difficult and sometimes burdensome, rather than stressful. Included in this research exploration is a discussion of effective strategies students employ to manage acculturative stress at home and in school and how educators and school-based mental health providers can provide support