A novel comprehensive analysis of the refinements of Hermite-Hadamard type integral inequalities involving special functions

n/

Fate of Hematopoiesis During Aging. What Do We Really Know, and What are its Implications?

This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or be any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.There is an ongoing shift in demographics such that older persons will outnumber young persons in the coming years, and with it age-associated tissue attrition and increased diseases and disorders. There has been increased information on the association of the aging process with dysregulation of hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cells, and hematopoiesis. This review provides an extensive up-to date summary on the literature of aged hematopoiesis and HSCs placed in context of potential artifacts of the collection and processing procedure, that may not be totally representative of the status of HSCs in their in vivo bone marrow microenvironment, and what the implications of this are for understanding aged hematopoiesis. This review covers a number of interactive areas, many of which have not been adequately explored. There are still many unknowns and mechanistic insights to be elucidated to better understand effects of aging on the hematopoietic system, efforts that will take multidisciplinary approaches, and that could lead to means to ameliorate at least some of the dysregulation of HSCs and HPCs associated with the aging process.Some of the studies reported in this review, and the writing of this review were supported by the following U.S. Public Health Grants from the National Institutes of Health to H.E.B.: R35 HL139599 (Outstanding Investigator Award), R01 DK109188, U54 DK106846; A.A., J.P.R., and T.T. were supported by T32 DK007519 to H.E.B. R01 HL150624, R56 DK119524, R56 AG052501, DoD W81XWH-13-1-0187, DoD W81XWH-18-1-0265 and DoD W81XWH-19-1-0575, the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Translational Research Program award 6581-20 and the St. Baldrick’s Foundation Scholar Award to Y.L. MLC was supported by R01 DK109188. CO was supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) contracts HHSN266200500043C and HHSN272201000046C and grants 1U01AI107340-01 and 2R44 AI088288-03A1, National Institute on Aging (NIA) grant R01AG046246-01, and Department of Defense grants PR140896, PR141527, and PR140433P1

New Theoretical and Numerical Results for the Boundary-Layer Flow of a Nanofluid Past a Stretching Sheet

Abstract Nanofluid flow is one of the most important areas of research in the present time due to its wide applications in industry and many other fields. The problem of the boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a stretching sheet was firstly introduced and studied numerically by Khan and Pop [7]. This important problem is re-investigated analytically. There is no doubt that the exact solutions of any physical model, when available, are of great importance and certainly would lead to a better understanding of the physical aspects of the model. Moreover, the obtained exact solutions play an important role in the validation of any of the numerical methods used in this important growing field of nanofluid flows. The objective of the present paper is not only to search for such exact solutions but also to give exact formulae for the reduced Nusselt number and the reduced Sherwood number which are two quantities of practical interest in such field. The present analytical results have not been reported in the earlier literatures. Moreover, the numerical results are obtained at some moderate and high values of Prandtl and Lewis numbers

Fractional calculus model for damped Mathieu equation: approximate analytical solution

Abstract The classical damped Mathieu differential equation was firstly introduced by Mathieu in 1868 to determine the vibration modes of a stretched membrane having an elliptical clamped boundary. In this paper, we consider the fractional calculus model of damped Mathieu equation and introduce the approximate analytical solution by using two different methods, namely, Adomian decomposition method and a series method

Protective role of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack root extract against high-fat diet induced testicular damage in sprague-dawley rats

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the adverse effects of the high-fat-diet (HFD) on the testosterone level and testicular structure of male rats as well as to examine whether Eurycoma Longifolia (EL) is able to ameliorate these effects. Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups each containing 6 rats. Group ND was given only normal diet, group NDEL was given normal diet and EL extracts (15 mg/ kg) dissolved in distilled water, group HFD was given only high-fat-diet and group HFDEL was given high-fat-diet and EL extracts (15 mg/kg). EL was administered orally for 12 weeks. The animal’s testosterone level was measured at week 0, 6 and 12. The rats were sacrificed at the end of 12th weeks and the testes samples were processed for histological examination Results: The testosterone level was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the in the treated rats with EL (NDEL and HFDEL) compared with ND and HFD groups. Treatment with HFD revealed a marked degeneration of the seminiferous tubule epithelium and disruption of interstitial cells of the testis thereby interfering with spermatogenesis. Treatment of HFD rats with El reduced the adverse effects of HFD and improved the morphological structure of the seminiferous tubules. Conclusion: These findings revealed that EL has ameliorative effects against the testicular damage caused by high-fat-diet

Histological and immunohistochemical study of the protective effect of virgin coconut oil on cyclophosphamide-induced immunotoxicity of the spleen and peyer’s patches

Introduction: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is an edible oil extracted from the meat of mature coconuts. It is also known for its health and therapeutic benefits, mainly attributed to its polyphenols and medium-chain fatty acid contents The immunomodulatory effects of VCO have not been extensively investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of VCO on cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunotoxicity of peripheral lymphoid tissues. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into five groups of eight rats each. Group 1 served as the normal control, while the other groups were all given 10 mg/kg of CY orally once daily for 4 weeks. Group 2 received CY served as the negative control. Group 3 rats were treated with levamisole (LMS) for 6 weeks, while Groups 4A and 4B were given VCO at 10 mL/kg and 15 mL/kg, respectively, for 6 weeks. The spleen and ileum sections were subjected to routine histological examination and immunohistochemical evaluation for T and B lymphocytes. Results: Histologically, the spleen and Peyer’s patches (PPs) of the ileum exhibited a significant reduction in the lymphoid cellularity following daily administration of 10 mg/kg CY for 4 weeks

On the Exact Solution of a Scalar Differential Equation via a Simple Analytical Approach

The existence of the advance parameter in a scalar differential equation prevents the application of the well-known standard methods used for solving classical ordinary differential equations. A simple procedure is introduced in this paper to remove the advance parameter from a special kind of first-order scalar differential equation. The suggested approach transforms the given first-order scalar differential equation to an equivalent second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) without the advance parameter. Using this method, we are able to construct the exact solution of both the transformed model and the given original model. The exact solution is obtained in a wave form with specified amplitude and phase. Furthermore, several special cases are investigated at certain values/relationships of the involved parameters. It is shown that the exact solution in the absence of the advance parameter reduces to the corresponding solution in the literature. In addition, it is declared that the current model enjoys various kinds of solutions, such as constant solutions, polynomial solutions, and periodic solutions under certain constraints of the included parameters