Modification of Rice Flour and Its Potential Use in the Food Industry.

Rice flour was modified with either 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0% acetic or succinic anhydride for 1, 6 and 18 hr under basic conditions. The pH was maintained above 7.0 using either sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. The results showed that modified rice flours had lower fat content as compared with the unmodified rice flour (control). The type of anhydride significantly influenced the fat content of rice flour. Ash content of rice flour increased significantly due to the anhydride concentrations and alkali type. Significant differences were also found in the protein content of modified rice flours due to the use of anhydride and alkali types. Different concentrations of anhydrides alkali types resulted in an increase in the total color and chromaticity differences from the control. In general, solutions of modified rice flour had better clarity than that of the control. Flour slurries behavior under neutral and acidic conditions was altered by modification with the anhydrides. Significant differences were found among the peak viscosities at 95(DEGREES)C, viscosities after holding at 95(DEGREES)C for 30 minutes and the setback viscosity of modified rice flours. Flour modification resulted in production of rice bread with better quality and acceptability when compared with bread produced with unmodified rice flour. Breads with larger volume, softer crumb and better taste were produced from modified rice flour. Although some modifications resulted in inferior quality breads. Electron micrographs of rice flour and rice breads revealed that modification with anhydrides influenced their ultrastructure noticeably in comparison with that of unmodified rice flour and bread

Clinical Nursing and Midwifery Research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Nurses and midwives are well placed to improve the health outcomes of patients in a number of areas, so the fields of nursing and midwifery must include the ability to conduct rigorous research, synthesize findings into relevant evidence, and use research to inform practice. However, clinical nursing issues in regions such as the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) are often under-researched. The three projects included in this proposal are part of a larger study funded by the Columbia University President’s Global Innovation Fund in collaboration with the Office of Global Initiatives of Columbia University School of Nursing. This dissertation includes three aims: (a) conduct a scoping review of published clinical nursing research to assess the current state of research in the region, (b) conduct a formal program evaluation of a Research Summit that identified clinical nursing and midwifery research priorities and developed an action plan for the EMR, and (c) describe perceptions of barriers and facilitators to research utilization among nurse leaders in the EMR. The results of the scoping review demonstrated that there was limited clinical nursing and midwifery research that has been conducted in the Region. The program evaluation indicated that the Summit was successful and a number of actionable projects have been carried out as a result. Furthermore, the results of the Barriers Scale (Funk et al., 1991) showed that the main barriers to research utilization were lack of funding and resources, lack of support, lack of interest, and lack of training while the main facilitators were placed into the categories of improving support and research culture, resources, and education and training. GDP also significantly impacted the extent to which participants experienced barriers to research utilization. It is important that more Region-specific research be carried out. In order to do this, the research skills of nurse/midwife researchers need to be enhanced and the dissemination of their research supported. Nurse and midwife researchers in the Region should develop consensus regarding specific regional clinical research topics to be given priority and provide support so that nurse and midwifery researchers overcome any barriers they face regarding utilizing clinical research in their practice so that patients can be provided with better and safer care

The Effects of Leadership Styles on Job Performance: A Case Study in the Ministry of Telecommunications in Yemen

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between transformational and transactional leadership with job performance that consists of the employees in the Ministry of Telecommunications in Yemen. This paper discusses the effect of leadership types on consists. In other words, the study attempts to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between leadership style and job performance in selected Ministry of Telecommunications in Yemen. The number of respondents is 120 managers of employees in the Ministry of Telecommunications in Yemen using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Three main hypotheses were tested using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Their perspectives were translated into reports based on transformational and transactional leadership. Based on regression analysis, there are all independents variable, transformational and Transactional leadership that affecting the Ministry of Telecommunications performance in Yemen

Kajian Musikologis Terhadap Komposisi Musik Angklung Toel dan Maqam Hijaz

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menunjukan komposisi musik yang menggunakan konsep musik islam dengan kaya fungky.  Maqam hijaz merupakah salah satu dari tujuh irama seni membaca Al-Qur’an yang terdapat pada sumber yang dikaji. Hijaz dalam irama memiliki makna doa, panggilan, dan mengingat-ingat sesuatu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penciptaan karya ini adalah pengembangan dasar dari tangga nada maqam hijaz ke dalam bentuk karya musik dengan penggabungan antara dua jenis musik, yaitu musik Timur Tengah, dan musik gaya funky. Karya angklung toel dan maqam hijaz, diketahui bahwa karya musik ini dapat menciptakan suatu hal baru dalam pengkolaborasian antara musik Timur Tengah dan musik gaya funky sebagai pengembangannya, dan diwarnai dengan progresi-progresi akornya yang terdapat pada karya ini. Gaya seni membaca Al-Qur’an dapat dikembangkan atau diaplikasikan ke dalam bentuk karya musik bambu.AbstractMusicological Study of Angklung Toel and Maqam Hijaz Music Composition. This study aims to show a musical composition that uses the concept of Islamic music with a funky richness. Maqam Hijaz is one of the seven rhythms of the art of reading the Qur'an found in the sources studied. Hijaz, in rhythm, has the meaning of prayer, calling, and remembering something. The method used in creating this work is the essential development of the Maqam Hijaz scales into the form of musical works by combining two types of music, namely Middle Eastern music and funky style music. The results of the musical works that have been made show that this work can create something new in the collaboration between Middle Eastern music and funky style music as its development, and is coloured by the chord progressions found in this rich. The art style of reading the Qur'an can be developed or applied as bamboo musical works.Keywords: Maqam, Hijaz, Music, Bambo

The role of endoplasmic reticulum in human adipose tissue

Adipose tissue plays a central role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. In obesity adipocytes are challenged by many insults: surplus energy, inflammation, insulin resistance and considerable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress has been casually linked to increased inflammation and insulin resistance. Also, obesity linked type 2 diabetes is associated with hyperglycaemia, lipotoxicity and endotoxemia. Therefore, the aims of this thesis briefly were to 1) characterise human pre-adipocytes during differentiation, as a suitable primary cellular model to examine intracellular pathways, 2) investigate the role of glucose and fatty acids on ER stress pathway; as these primary insults are considered to have clear impact on inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) status and diabetes pathogenesis 3) to examine the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a gut derived bacterial fragment, on ER stress; as LPS is now considered a systemic circulating factor raised in conditions of IR, 4) the role of salicylate, known to have anti-inflammatory properties which may negate or at least attenuate the effects of ER stress. Components of the ER stress pathways were studied in human abdominal subcutaneous (AbSc) adipose tissue (AT) from obese and lean subjects. Following characterisation, culture and differentiation of primary human pre-adipocytes, these adipocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), high glucose (HG), tunicamycin (Tun) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) either alone or in combination with sodium salicylate (Sal). Quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, adipokine analysis were used to assess expression levels. Markers of ER stress were significantly increased in AbSc AT from subjects with obesity (P<0.001). Differentiated primary human adipocytes treated with LPS, Tun, HG and SFA showed significant activation of p-eIF2α and ATF6 and their downstream targets (P<0.05). This effect was alleviated in the presence of Sal. There was also significant activation of AktSer473 during ER stress (P<0.05). This thesis presents important evidence that firstly, there is increased ER stress in human adipose tissue of obese individuals, secondly, LPS, hyperglycaemia and saturated fatty acids induce significant ER stress in primary human adipocytes and finally that induction is alleviated by salicylate. Taken together these studies highlights that ER stress occurs in human differentiated pre-adipocytes is exacerbated in conditions of high glucose, high saturated fatty acids and LPS, as well as determining that such primary insults can be reduced by salicylates providing initial evidence that therapeutic agents have the potential capacity to alleviate ER stress in human adipose tissue

Attenuated Codon Optimality Contributes to Neural-Specific mRNA Decay in Drosophila.

Tissue-specific mRNA stability is important for cell fate and physiology, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We found that zygotic mRNA stability in Drosophila correlates with codon content: optimal codons are enriched in stable transcripts associated with metabolic functions like translation, while non-optimal codons are enriched in unstable transcripts, including those associated with neural development. Bioinformatic analyses and reporter assays revealed that similar codons stabilize or destabilize mRNAs in the nervous system and other tissues, but the link between codon content and stability is attenuated in the nervous system. We confirmed that optimal codons are decoded by abundant tRNAs while non-optimal codons are decoded by less abundant tRNAs in embryos and in the nervous system. We conclude that codon optimality is a general determinant of zygotic mRNA stability, and attenuation of codon optimality allows trans-acting factors to exert greater influence over mRNA decay in the nervous system

media pembelajaran Makhraj huruf Hijaiyyah menggunakan Animasi interaktif

Penggunaan teknologi multimedia sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk pebelajaran yang lebih menarik serta mudah dipahami, begitu juga dalam proses belajar membaca Alquran dengan tajwid yang benar maka seorang Qary wajib memperhatikan cara melafalkan huruf hijaiiyah dengan benar sesui dengan makhraj bacaanya. Penilitan ini bertujuan untuk membantu menerapkan cara pelafalan huruf hijaiyyah dengan baik dan sesuai kaidah dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran Makhraj Huruf Hijaiyyah yang dapat membantu pembaca untuk terhindar dari kesalahan-kesalahan ucapan yang mengakibatkan perubahan makna dari kalimat yang diucapkan pada saat membaca Alquran. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian kuantitatif yang dilakukan adalah metode penelitian eksperimental dengan melakukan eksperimen terhadap variabael-variabel kontrol (input) untuk menganalisis output yang dihasilkan. Output yang dihasilkan akan dibandingkan dengan output tanpa adanya pengontrolan variabel. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebuah media pembelajaran makhraj huruf hijaiyyah dengan menampilkan pergerakan mulut serta lidah. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan kesimpulan bahwa Aplikasi Media Pembelajaran Makhraj Huruf Hijaiyyah Animasi Interaktif merupakan media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan oleh umat Islam agar dapat mengetahui cara membedakan pengucapan huruf hijaiyyah sehingga terhindar dari kesalahan-kesalahan pada bacaan yang dapat mengakibatkan perubahan makna dari kalimat yang diucapkannya dan memberikan pemparan tentang perbedaan huruf dan bunyinya, yaitu dengan cara menampilkan animasi pergerakan mulut pada objek 3D serta suara pengucapannya dan penjelasan tentang huruf

Perpesktif Fiqh Siyasah Terhadap Peran Polisi Kehutanan Dalam Pencegahankebakaran Hutan Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 18 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pencegahan Dan Pemberantasan Kerusakan Hutan (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Mandaling Natal

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi oleh Kebakaran Hutan sering kali terjadi di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Hal ini disebabkan dengan kelalaian Manusia itu sendiri. Perlu diketahui bahwa kebakaran hutan di kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Rumusan Masalah dalam penelitiana ini adalah: Pertama, Bagaimana Undang-undang No. 18 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan Terhadap Peran Polisi Kehutanan Dalam Mencegah Terjadinya Kebakaran Hutan di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal?, Kedua, 2. Bagaimana Kondisi dan Keadaan Hutan di Kabupaten Mandailing? Dan ketiga, 3. Bagaimana Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah Terhadap Peran Polisi Kehutanan Dalam Mencegah Terjadinya Kebakaran Hutan di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal menurut Undang- undang No. 18 Tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris kualitatif , dengan menganalisis permasalahan yang telah dirumuskan dengan perpaduan bahan-bahan hukum baik primer, sekunder, maupun tersier dengan data primer yang diperoleh di lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan: Pertama, Proses perubahan-perubahan dan penambahan berbagai konsep dalam masing-masing produk hukum merupakan bentuk politik hukum di bidang lingkungan hidup yang dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah karena didasarkan pada berbagai fakta empiris mengenai tidak efektifnya suatu produk hukum ketika diterapkan di masyarakat dan dipengaruhi pula oleh perkembangan situasi internasional, khususnya mengenai lingkungan hidup yang memang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir mendapat perhatian khusus di kalangan internasional. Kedua, Politk hukum penanganan kebakaran hutan dan lahan dapat diwujudkan tidak hanya dengan produk hukum berupa peraturan perundang-undangan namun juga dapat diperkuat dengan hal teknis lain seperti pembentukan tim komando demi mewujudkan efektifitas implementasi hukum di masyarakat. Ketiga, Dalm Fiqh Siyasah Lahan pertanian memanglah dibutuhkan masyarakat untuk menunjang perekonomian, tetapi perlu diperhatikan bahwa kerusakan dan ancaman terhadap kesehatan lebih besar dirasakan. Masyarakat siapapun tidak kenal usia bahkan yang tidak tahu menahu juga terdampak, ini menjadi dasar keharaman pembakaran hutan. Senada dengan di atas Majelis Ulama Indonesi (MUI) telah mengeluarkan fatwa keharaman pembakaran hutan sejak tahun 2016 lalu

The role of endoplasmic reticulum in human adipose tissue

Adipose tissue plays a central role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. In obesity adipocytes are challenged by many insults: surplus energy, inflammation, insulin resistance and considerable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress has been casually linked to increased inflammation and insulin resistance. Also, obesity linked type 2 diabetes is associated with hyperglycaemia, lipotoxicity and endotoxemia. Therefore, the aims of this thesis briefly were to 1) characterise human pre-adipocytes during differentiation, as a suitable primary cellular model to examine intracellular pathways, 2) investigate the role of glucose and fatty acids on ER stress pathway; as these primary insults are considered to have clear impact on inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) status and diabetes pathogenesis 3) to examine the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a gut derived bacterial fragment, on ER stress; as LPS is now considered a systemic circulating factor raised in conditions of IR, 4) the role of salicylate, known to have anti-inflammatory properties which may negate or at least attenuate the effects of ER stress. Components of the ER stress pathways were studied in human abdominal subcutaneous (AbSc) adipose tissue (AT) from obese and lean subjects. Following characterisation, culture and differentiation of primary human pre-adipocytes, these adipocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), high glucose (HG), tunicamycin (Tun) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) either alone or in combination with sodium salicylate (Sal). Quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, adipokine analysis were used to assess expression levels. Markers of ER stress were significantly increased in AbSc AT from subjects with obesity (P<0.001). Differentiated primary human adipocytes treated with LPS, Tun, HG and SFA showed significant activation of p-eIF2α and ATF6 and their downstream targets (P<0.05). This effect was alleviated in the presence of Sal. There was also significant activation of AktSer473 during ER stress (P<0.05). This thesis presents important evidence that firstly, there is increased ER stress in human adipose tissue of obese individuals, secondly, LPS, hyperglycaemia and saturated fatty acids induce significant ER stress in primary human adipocytes and finally that induction is alleviated by salicylate. Taken together these studies highlights that ER stress occurs in human differentiated pre-adipocytes is exacerbated in conditions of high glucose, high saturated fatty acids and LPS, as well as determining that such primary insults can be reduced by salicylates providing initial evidence that therapeutic agents have the potential capacity to alleviate ER stress in human adipose tissue.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo