Del Barroco a la Ilustración en una fiesta del Antiguo Régimen: el Corpus Christi

The long time evolution of the Corpus Christi feast lets distinguish two confronted forms for understand religiousness. The first one, coming from the Middle Age and in vogue during the baroque centuries, favors the mixture of cultured and popular, religious and profane elements; the second one, which imposes with the Enlightnment in the 18th century, clears the popular aspect from the feast and seizes it in te name of reason, interior religion and social control

Modelling of atmospheric hazards and severe weather phenomena toWestern Mediterranean basin coastal floods since 1960

The main goal of this study is to present a methodological approach to improve synoptic classifications associatedto basin coastal floods. A further step is done towards an objective reclassification of new events to improve andfacilitate the task of flooding weather forecast.In a recent study, we identified more than 3,600 cases of flood in the municipalities of the Spanish Mediterraneancoast from 1960 to 2013, and analyzed synoptic patterns associated to them. A Principal Sequence Pattern Analysiswas applied to sea level pressure, temperature at 850 hPa, geopotential at 700 hPa and 500 hPa (data provided bythe 20th Century V2 Reanalysis Project). The methodology used is based on three steps: (1) Principal SequenceComponent Analysis in S-mode, the scree-test to determine the number of components involved and OrthogonalVarimax rotation to minimise the number of variables with high factorial loadings; (2) Cluster Analysis to de-termine the main synoptic patterns associated with flooding activity in the study area using the non-hierarchicalK-means and the hierarchical Ward clusters; and (3) Discriminant Analysis for validating the model. The resultsshowed twelve Principal Sequence Patterns related to atmospheric convection associated with a trough in the mid-dle levels of the troposphere, and to thermal forcing. Regional differences are modulated by a triggering effect dueto local convergences.Once the synoptic patterns were identified, the new flood time-series recollected for 2014 and 2015 have beenreclassified from the component score coefficients matrix and Discriminant Fisher Functions of the reference period(1960-2013). The component scores were calculated from the following equation:Aij=SBikCkjWhere Aijis the score value at time i for the PCA component (j); Bikis the variable at time (i) at the grid point(k); and Ckjis the component score coefficient at the grid point (k) and PCA component (j).2) To classify new events, we used the Fisher discriminant functions:SP= maxt{Zt+SAjtXjt}Where SP is the predicted synoptic pattern; Ztis the constant coefficient of the Fisher discriminant function forthe synoptic pattern (t); Ajtis the score value of the PCA component (j) for the synoptic pattern (t); and Xjtis theFisher function coefficient for the PCA component (j) and the synoptic pattern (t).In comparison to other techniques, the method applied in this study obtains the discriminant functions that can be applied to reclassify a classification, as we did in this study, or to classify flood events in the future. Consequently,in a Meteorological Service, this tool could be an operational system for classifying any flood synoptic pattern fora period of 6-hours and delimiting the more likely flooding areas for the studied region.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Synoptic patterns associated to Western Mediterranean basin coastal floods since 1960

The analysis of long time-series related to floods supports the identification of climatic/synoptic processes naturally governing the occurrence of flooding and thus improves the projection of these hydrologic extremes. The aim of this study is to analyze synoptic patterns associated to Spanish Mediterranean coast floods since 1960. To collect the flood database we have explored the archives of all newspapers with a presence in the area. The searches have been made by typing the name of each of the 180 municipalities of the Spanish coast followed by 5 key terms. Additionally, we have consulted the specific bibliography to rule out any data gaps. This work has allowed to identify more than 3600 cases of flood in the municipalities of the Spanish Mediterranean coast. The methodology to analyze the synoptic patterns is based on the Principal Sequence Pattern Analysis applied to sea level pressure, temperature at 850 hPa, and geopotential at 700 and 500 hPa. The data is obtained from the 20th Century V2 Reanalysis Project at 2.5 ° horizontal resolution. We used a 7-days sequence defined by the flood-date (key-date), given by the flood record, plus the 6-days before this date, to evaluate the evolution of the synoptic configuration. The methodology includes three steps: (1) Principal Sequence Component Analysis in S-mode, the scree-test to determine the number of components involved and Orthogonal Varimax rotation to minimize the number of variables with high factorial loadings; (2) Cluster Analysis to determine the main synoptic patterns associated with flooding activity in the study area using the non-hierarchical K-means and the hierarchical Ward clusters; and (3) Discriminant Analysis for validating the model. The results show twelve Principal Sequence Patterns linked to coast floods in the Mediterranean basin of the Iberian Peninsula. The patterns are characterized by low-pressure systems related to cold fronts with a strong and sudden deepening of the cyclone in North Africa which moved northwards over the Mediterranean advecting warm and wet air at the low levels of the troposphere. Predominant flows are, first, from the south to southeast and, second, from the east, enhancing severe convective events. Furthermore, the stagnation of the synoptic configuration due to the presence of the high-pressure system over Europe favors long-lasting rainfall.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Determinación de la corrosividad de crudos pesados a alta temperatura sobre un acero ferritico bajo condiciones de agitación

Los crudos pesados contienen un alto porcentaje de ácidos orgánicos, azufre y otros elementos, que a altas temperaturas y altas velocidades de flujo pueden resultar corrosivos en hornos, torres y líneas de transferencia de unidades de destilación. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto corrosivo de dos crudos pesados con diferente TAN (número de acidez total), a tres temperaturas diferentes, manteniendo una velocidad de agitación constante. Las pruebas se desarrollaron en un autoclave dinámico adecuado para alta temperatura, utilizando las técnicas de análisis gravimétrico para evaluar la velocidad de corrosión

Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of neurospheres spontaneously generated in the culture from sheep ovarian cortical cells

Neurospheres (NS) derived from adult stem cells of non-neural tissues represent a promising source of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) for autologous cell therapy. Knowing the fine structure of NS cells is essential for characterizing them during differentiation or oncogenic transformation. NS are generated by culturing ovarian cortical cells (OCCs) under specific conditions. To establish whether these OCCs exhibited a similar morphophenotype as those from the central nervous system (CNS) reported in the literature, sheep OCCs were cultured for 21 days to generate NS. Expression levels of pluripotency (Nanog, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [Oct4], and SRY-box transcription factor 2 [Sox2]) and NSCs/NPCs (nestin, paired box 6 [Pax6], and p75 neurotrophin receptor [P75NTR]) transcripts were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the NSC/NPC antigens were immunolocalized, and structural and ultrastructural analyses were performed in OCC-NS on Days 10, 15, and 21 in culture. Spheroids expressed transcripts and antigens of pluripotency as well as NSCs/NPCs. Cells were arranged into an inner core, with frequent apoptotic and degenerative events, and a peripheral epitheliallike cover with abundant cytoplasmic organelles, apical microvilli, and filament bundles of cytoskeleton elements. Adherens junctions and apical tight and lateral loose interdigitations were found in peripheral cells that eventually lost apical– basal polarization, which might indicate their disengaging/aggregating from/to the NS. We can conclude that OCC-NS shares the most structural and ultrastructural characteristics with CNS-NS

IHG : un índice para la valoración hidrogeomorfológica de sistemas fluviales

River dynamics are the key to fluvial systems not only in terms of how they work, but also with regard to the ecological, landscape, and environmental value of these systems. If a river is to be preserved as an ecosystem and an environmental corridor in the territory, it is mainly its hydro-geomorphological dynamics that have to be protected, because it is precisely them that will guarantee the protection of each and every element of the system and their relationships. This is the reason why the assessment of the hydro-geomorphological functioning of fluvial systems is essential to determine its environmental condition as well as its foreseeable trends. Thus, a hydro-geomorphological assessment index is proposed with the technical purpose of applying the Directive 2000/60/EU and the equally important scientific objective of improving the knowledge and diagnosis of fluvial systems, all this within the framework of the urgent and necessary search for solutions to its current environmental problems. The work presented includes methodological explanations for the application of the index, which is structured in three assessment parameters: 1) functional quality of the fluvial system, including a) naturalness of the discharge regime, b) sediment availability and mobility and, c) functionality of the floodplain; 2) channel quality, including a) naturalness of channel layout and morphology, b) continuity and naturalness of the riverbed and longitudinal and vertical processes and, c) naturalness of the riparian corridor and lateral mobility; and 3) quality of the riverbanks, including a) longitudinal continuity, b) width, structure, and naturalness and, c) cross-section interconnectivity.La dinámica fluvial es la clave no sólo del funcionamiento, sino también del valor ecológico, paisajístico y ambiental de los sistemas fluviales. Si se quiere conservar un río como ecosistema y como corredor ambiental en el territorio se debe proteger ante todo su dinámica hidrogeomorfológica, porque ésta es la que va a garantizar la protección de todos y cada uno de los elementos del sistema y sus relaciones. Por ello, la evaluación del funcionamiento hidrogeomorfológico de los sistemas fluviales es fundamental para determinar su estado ecológico, así como las tendencias previsibles del mismo. Así, se propone un índice de valoración hidrogeomorfológica con el objetivo técnico de la aplicación de la Directiva 2000/60/CE y el no menos importante objetivo científico de la mejora en el conocimiento y diagnóstico de los sistemas fluviales, todo ello en el marco de la urgente y necesaria búsqueda de soluciones a su actual problemática ambiental. El trabajo presentado incluye explicaciones metodológicas para la aplicación del índice, que se estructura en tres parámetros de evaluación: 1) calidad funcional del sistema fluvial, incluyendo a) naturalidad del régimen de caudal, b) disponibilidad y movilidad de sedimentos y c) funcionalidad de la llanura de inundación; 2) calidad del cauce, incluyendo a) naturalidad del trazado y de la morfología en planta, b) continuidad y naturalidad del lecho y de los procesos longitudinales y verticales y c) naturalidad de las márgenes y de la movilidad lateral; y 3) calidad de las riberas, incluyendo a) continuidad longitudinal, b) anchura, estructura y naturalidad y c) interconectividad transversal

Major flood events reconstruction from a multi-proxy approach. The case study of November 1617 flood event in the Mediterranean Basins of Iberian Peninsula

Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version