Impacto de la práctica del ejercicio físico en relación a la aparición del Síndrome metabólico en el personal de la subdirección de administración de la Policía Nacional Civil de El Salvador, durante el año 2019

Los factores de riesgo a nivel mundial por falta de ejercicio físico implican serios problemas en lo que respecta a la salud del ser humano, la presente investigación es de carácter hipotético deductivo y se refiere al impacto de la práctica del ejercicio físico en relación al aparecimiento del síndrome metabólico en el personal de la Subdirección de Administración de la Policía Nacional Civil de El Salvador, durante el año 2019. Para algunos expertos en salud, el Síndrome Metabólico, en un principio conocido como síndrome X, es una serie de anormalidades que incluye hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y dislipidemias. El Síndrome Metabólico es una forma de evaluar riesgo cardiovascular y diabetes mediante un abordaje práctico, que ayuda en el seguimiento y control del paciente y en donde la actividad física juega un papel importante, ya que es uno de los componentes que tienen una relación muy cercana respecto a la prevención y tratamiento de los factores que éste supone. En este trabajo de investigación se facilita información del estado clínico de los empleados de la Subdirección de Administración de la PNC, donde se determina el impacto que tiene la práctica del ejercicio físico en relación a la prevención del aparecimiento del Síndrome Metabólico, igualmente se presenta una estimación del nivel de vida de estas persona

Geogymkhana Alicante: ingenuity games and outdoor skill for learning Geology

La Geoyincana Alicante es una actividad que se realiza anualmente desde el año 2012 en la que han participado casi 10.000 estudiantes de 4º de la ESO y 1º de Bachillerato. Se desarrolla en un itinerario de algo más de 2 km en el que se alternan paradas con explicaciones directas y pruebas de destreza e ingenio al aire libre. En este trabajo se analizan las siete actividades en las que el aprendizaje se basa en juegos: la carrera del Tiempo Geológico, superposición estratigráfica humana, pictionary geológico, en busca de fósiles, geoselfi geomorfológico, geomimic e historia geológica: el enigma final. La actividad alcanza cada año su objetivo principal que es acercar la Geología a estudiantes y profesorado de una forma atractiva, utilizando las actividades de campo como recurso principal. La evaluación realizada al alumnado y profesorado muestra la valoración positiva de las pruebas basadas en juegos y su idoneidad para comprender mejor los conceptos de geología. A pesar de su carácter extracurricular, la actividad favorece la consecución de objetivos del currículo oficial, ya que favorece la participación activa, el trabajo en equipo, el conocimiento sobre la geología local, la motivación por la ciencia y, en general, el interés por el estudio de la Geología.The Geogymkhana-Alicante is a game-based learning activity carried out annually since 2012. During these years around 10,000 students of secondary school (fourth year of the Compulsory Secondary Education and the first year of Bachillerato) have attended Geogymkhana-Alicante. It consists of a 2 km-long walking trip that combines direct explanations and outdoor skill and ingenuity games. In this paper, we analyse seven of the game-based learning activities of Geogymkhana-Alicante: the geological time race, the human stratigraphic superposition, geological Pictionary, find fossils, the geomorphological geoselfie, geomimic, and geological history: Final Enigma. Each year, these games achieved their main goal: to bring geology to students and teachers in an attractive way using field activities as main resource. We performed a quantitative survey to students and teachers. This survey showed a positive approval of the game-based learning field activities, and their suitability to better understand geological concepts. Despite its extracurricular nature, the activity helps to achieve several objectives of the official curriculum, as it favours the understanding of geological concepts, the knowledge of local geology, teamwork, active participation, and motivation for Geology and Science in a broad way

Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo inicial de artritis reumatoide en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud)

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has adverse health consequences, its early diagnosis and optimal management require recommendations based on high quality evidence adapted to each health system. Objective: To provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and initial management of RA. Material and Methods: A Guideline Development Group (GDG) was established, including medical specialists and methodologists. The GDG formulated 10 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. Systematic searches of published evidence in PubMed and CENTRAL were performed during December 2017 and July 2019 (including systematic reviews and -when it was considered pertinent- primary studies) were conducted. The evidence of the highest quality for answering each of the posed clinical questions was selected. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology which was used in periodic work meetings by the GDG to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, points of good clinical practice, and flowcharts. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution N° 132 – IETSI – ESSALUD – 2019. Results: This CPG addressed 10 clinical questions, divided into two topics: diagnosis and management. Based on these questions, 16 recommendations (5 strong and 11 weak), 28 points of good clinical practice, and 3 flowcharts were formulated. Conclusion: This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions from the CPG for the diagnosis and initial management of RA in EsSalud.Introducción: La Artritis Reumatoide (AR) tiene adversas consecuencias en la salud su diagnóstico temprano y manejo óptimo requiere recomendaciones basadas en evidencia de alta calidad adaptadas a cada sistema de salud. Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el diagnóstico y manejo inicial de la AR. Material y Métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 10 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de la evidencia publicada en PubMed y CENTRAL entre diciembre 2017 a julio 2019 (revisiones sistemáticas y –cuando fue considerado pertinente– estudios primarios). Se seleccionó la evidencia de mayor calidad para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) y en reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó dicha metodología para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buena práctica clínica y los flujogramas. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 132 – IETSI – ESSALUD – 2019. Resultados: La presente GPC abordó 10 preguntas clínicas, divididas en dos temas: diagnóstico y manejo. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 16 recomendaciones (5 fuertes y 11 condicionales), 45 puntos de buena práctica clínica, y 3 flujogramas. Conclusión: El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para el diagnóstico y manejo inicial de la AR en EsSalud

Dietary diversity and nutritional adequacy among an older Spanish population with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional analysis

Dietary guidelines emphasize the importance of a varied diet to provide an adequate nutrient intake. However, an older age is often associated with consumption of monotonous diets that can be nutritionally inadequate, increasing the risk for the development or progression of diet-related chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). To assess the association between dietary diversity (DD) and nutrient intake adequacy and to identify demographic variables associated with DD, we cross-sectionally analyzed baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus trial: 6587 Spanish adults aged 55-75 years, with overweight/obesity who also had MetS. An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated using a 143-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient inadequacy was defined as an intake below 2/3 of the dietary reference intake (DRI) forat least four of 17 nutrients proposed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between DDS and the risk of nutritionally inadequate intakes. In the higher DDS quartile there were more women and less current smokers. Compared with subjects in the highest DDS quartile, those in the lowest DDS quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake: odds ratio (OR) = 28.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 20.80-39.21). When we estimated food varietyfor each of the food groups, participants in the lowest quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake for the groups of vegetables, OR = 14.03 (95% CI 10.55-18.65), fruits OR = 11.62 (95% CI 6.81-19.81), dairy products OR = 6.54 (95% CI 4.64-9.22) and protein foods OR = 6.60 (95% CI 1.96-22.24). As DDS decreased, the risk of inadequate nutrients intake rose. Given the impact of nutrient intake adequacy on the prevention of non-communicable diseases, health policies should focus on the promotion of a healthy varied diet, specifically promoting the intake of vegetables and fruit among population groups with lower DDS such as men, smokers or widow(er)s

Long daytime napping is associated with increased adiposity and type 2 diabetes in an elderly population with metabolic syndrome

Research examining associations between objectively-measured napping time and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate daytime napping in relation to T2D and adiposity measures in elderly individuals from the Mediterranean region. A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 2190 elderly participants with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, in the PREDIMED-Plus trial, was carried out. Accelerometer-derived napping was measured. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for T2D were obtained using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression with constant time. Linear regression models were fitted to examine associations of napping with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Participants napping ≥90 min had a higher prevalence of T2D (PR 1.37 (1.06, 1.78)) compared with those napping 5 to <30 min per day. Significant positive associations with BMI and WC were found in those participants napping ≥30 min as compared to those napping 5 to <30 min per day. The findings of this study suggest that longer daytime napping is associated with higher T2D prevalence and greater adiposity measures in an elderly Spanish population at high cardiovascular risk

Efficiency of remote sensing tools for post-fire management along a climatic gradient

P. 553-562Forest managers require reliable tools to evaluate post-fire recovery across different geographic/climatic contexts and define management actions at the landscape scale, which might be highly resource-consuming in terms of data collection. In this sense, remote sensing techniques allow for gathering environmental data over large areas with low collection effort. We aim to assess the applicability of remote sensing tools in post-fire management within and across three mega-fires that occurred in pine fire-prone ecosystems located along an Atlantic-Transition-Mediterranean climatic gradient. Four years after the wildfires, we established 120 2x2m plots in each mega-fire site, where we evaluated: (1) density of pine seedlings, (2) percentage of woody species cover and (3) percentage of dead plant material cover. These variables were modeled following a Bayesian Model Averaging approach on the basis of spectral indices and texture features derived from WorldView-2 satellite imagery at 2 m spatial resolution. We assessed model interpolation and transferability within each mega-fire, as well as model extrapolation between mega-fires along the climatic gradient. Texture features were the predictors that contributed most in all cases. The woody species cover model had the best performance regarding spatial interpolation and transferability within the three study sites, with predictive errors lower than 25% for the two approaches. Model extrapolation between the Transition and Mediterranean sites had low levels of error (from 6% to 19%) for the three field variables, because the landscape in these areas is similar in structure and function and, therefore, in spectral characteristics. However, model extrapolation from the Atlantic site achieved the weakest results (error higher than 30%), due to the large ecological differences between this particular site and the others. This study demonstrates the potential of fine-grained satellite imagery for land managers to conduct post-fire recovery studies with a high degree of generality across different geographic/climatic contexts.S

The earliest basketry in southern Europe: Hunter-gatherer and farmer plant-based technology in Cueva de los Murciélagos (Albuñol)

Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).Plant material culture can offer unique insights into the ways of life of prehistoric societies; however, its perishable nature has prevented a thorough understanding of its diverse and complex uses. Sites with exceptional preservation of organic materials provide a unique opportunity for further research. The burial site of Cueva de los Murciélagos in southern Iberia, uncovered during 19th-century mining activities, contained the best-preserved hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, together with other unique organic artifacts associated with the first farming communities, such as sandals and a wooden hammer. We present 14 14C dates for the perishable artifacts (N = 76), situating the assemblage between the Early and Middle Holocene (c. 7500 to 4200 cal BCE). Our integrated analysis includes raw material determination and technological and chrono-cultural contextualization of this unique and important set of materials.This work was supported by the project “De los museos al territorio: actualizando el estudio de la Cueva de los Murciélagos de Albuñol (Granada)” (MUTERMUR) (Referencia CM/JIN/2021-009) financed by the program of Young Researchers of Comunidad de Madrid (directed by F.M.-S. as the principal investigator). J.S. is funded by Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RYC2019-028346) by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN). M.C. is funded by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC2019-026697-I) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN). R.P.H., M.H.-O., and A.P.P. are members of the research group 2021-SGR 00190 funded by the AGAUR. R.P.H. is an ICREA academia researcher. M.M.-S. was funded by the Beatriz Galindo program as Junior Distinguished Researcher (BG20/00076)Peer reviewe

The earliest basketry in southern Europe: Hunter- gatherer and farmer plant-based technology in Cueva de los Murciélagos (Albuñol)

Plant material culture can offer unique insights into the ways of life of prehistoric societies; however, its perish- able nature has prevented a thorough understanding of its diverse and complex uses. Sites with exceptional preservation of organic materials provide a unique opportunity for further research. The burial site of Cueva de los Murciélagos in southern Iberia, uncovered during 19th-century mining activities, contained the best-pre- served hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, together with other unique organic artifacts associated with the first farming communities, such as sandals and a wooden hammer. We present 14 14C dates for the perishable artifacts (N = 76), situating the assemblage between the Early and Middle Holocene (c. 7500 to 4200 cal BCE). Our integrated analysis includes raw material determination and technological and chrono-cul- tural contextualization of this unique and important set of materials.Peer reviewe

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Efecto de los antimaláricos sobre los diferentes dominios del índice de daño SLICC en pacientes de la cohorte GLADEL

Objetivos: estimar el efecto de los antimaláricos (AM) sobre los diferentes dominios del índice de daño SLICC (SDI). Métodos: se estudiaron pacientes con diagnóstico clínico reciente (≤2 años) de lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) de la cohorte GLADEL