Persistent form of bovine viral diarrhea

The review provides an analysis of literature data on the persistent form of Bovine Viral diarrhea/Mucosal disease (BVD) and is focused on virus and host factors, including those related to immune response, that contribute the persistence of the virus. BVD is a cattle disease widespread throughout the world that causes significant economic damage to dairy and beef cattle. The disease is characterized by a variety of clinical signs, including damage to the digestive and respiratory organs, abortions, stillbirths and other failures of reproductive functions

Metagenomic Approach Reveals the Second Subtype of PRRSV-1 in a Pathogen Spectrum during a Clinical Outbreak with High Mortality in Western Siberia, Russia

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has a significant economic impact on pig farming worldwide by causing reproductive problems and affecting the respiratory systems of swine. In Eastern Europe, PRRSV-1 strains are characterized by high genetic variability, and pathogenicity differs among all known subtypes. This case study describes the detection of a wide pathogen spectrum, including the second subtype PRRSV-1, with a high mortality rate among nursery piglets (23.8%). This study was conducted at a farrow-to-finish farm in the Western Siberia region of Russia. Clinical symptoms included apathy, sneezing, and an elevation in body temperature, and during the autopsy, degenerative lesions in different tissues were observed. Moreover, 1.5 percent of the affected animals displayed clinical signs of the central nervous system and were characterized by polyserositis. Nasal swabs from diseased piglets and various tissue swabs from deceased animals were studied. For diagnostics, the nanopore sequencing method was applied. All the samples tested positive for PRRSV, and a more detailed analysis defined it as a second subtype of PRRSV-1. The results, along with the clinical picture, showed a complex disease etiology with the dominant role of PRRSV-1 and were informative about the high pathogenicity of the subtype in question under field conditions

Epizootic situation with bovine leukemia in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation in 2012–2016

Leukemia is a chronic infectious viral disease of a tumor nature. The disease is widespread in different countries of the world and is relevant for most regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to study the epizootic situation of leukemia in cattle in livestock farms of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. A complex epizootological method and evidence-based epizootology methods were used in the work. Objects of research are dysfunctional points, sick cattle. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the epizootic situation for the period 2012–2016. In the analyzed period, a total of 470 dysfunctional points for leukemia were identified, which amounted to 29.59 % of the total number of dysfunctional points in the Russian Federation and 62908 animals with leukemia were registered, which amounted to 36.90 % of the total number of diseased animals in Russia. Despite the decrease in the number of cattle infected with leukemia in five subjects, and the absence of animals that died from leukemia in all 18 subjects of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation during 2012–2016, the epizootic situation of leukemia in the whole region remains quite tense, which is explained by the failure to comply with the basic requirements of the state veterinary service regarding sanitary anti-leukemia measures, according to the “Rules for the Prevention and Control of Leukemia of Large R gatogo cattle “ (1999.)

Intravital and postmortem laboratory diagnostics of hydrophobia clinical cases

Rabies excitant is a neurophilic virus (Rabiesvirus), regarding to Mononegavirales order, Rhabdoviridae family, Lyssavirus genus. The situation with rabies morbidity in Russia is characterized as extremely unpleasant. Saliva, tear liquid, patient’s cornea prints were used in the work as well as, after their death, various segments of brain and salivary glands were used. Additionally, antibody concentration in blood serum of humans passing antirabies therapy after animal bites were investigated. Research Research of eye cornea prints from patient A, suffered from wolf bite, with antibody fluorescent method showed positive result 6 days before the death. The obtained results were confirmed postmortem while the investigation of brain various segments and salivary glands with the use of antibody fluorescent spectroscopy and enzyme-linked analysis method, ELISA, and in biosamples. Intravital research of various biosamples picked from the patient B, suffered from homeless dog bite, showed the precedence of Virus 9 days before the death. Rabies virus antigen was discovered on the basis of research results of eye cornea prints with confocal spectroscopy, saliva samples - with ELISA method, as well as rabies virus genome in saliva and tear liquid was demonstrated with Nested Enzyme-Linked Analysis with Reverse Transcription (Nested RT-PCR). Intravital diagnostics results of hydrophobia patient were confirmed afterwards postmortem while the investigation of brain various segments with confocal fluorescence spectroscopy, ELISA, method and biopsy. Hydrophobia of injured was going on in clinically well-expressed manner. The results of intravital and postmortem laboratory diagnostics of hydrophobia clinical cases in Russian Federation were considered. These cases were the result of wolf and homeless dog bites. Both hydrophobia cases, caused by wild predator and dog bite, were laboratory confirmed yet during patient’s life. Introduction of intravital laboratory rabies diagnostics into medical practice is an important element of differential diagnostics