Treatment and nursing of birds with wing fractures

Vingfrakturer är en vanlig orsak till att fåglar behöver vård på veterinärkliniker. Syftet med arbetet var att söka vetenskaplig information om behandling och omvårdnad av vingfrakturer hos fåglar. Intentionen var även att jämföra skillnaderna på behandling och omvårdnad mellan tamfåglar och vilda fåglar. Vidare fokuserar arbetet på att utforska om fåglar med vingfrakturer kan läka och återfå sin förmåga att flyga igen efter behandling. Arbetet bestod av en litteraturstudie och personliga intervjuer. Till litteraturstudien användes både vetenskapliga artiklar och läroböcker för att hitta information. För intervjuerna kontaktades tre veterinärer och två djursjukskötare som arbetade på veterinärkliniker som var specialiserade på exotiska sällskapsdjur. Av de fem personer som kontaktades kom tre till intervju. I litteraturgranskningen framkom det att röntgendiagnostik används för att avgöra om det finns en fraktur och utröna vingfrakturens utseende. Bandagering är den vanligaste behandlingsmetoden som används för att påbörja läkningsprocessen. Detta arbete ger information om hur behandling och omvårdnad för fågel med vingfraktur kan utformas. I arbetet jämförs de skillnader som fanns att hitta i den sökta litteraturen inom behandling och omvårdnad mellan tamfåglar och vilda fåglar. Resultatet i arbetet tyder på att fåglar är svåra patienter att hantera och behandla, då de lätt blir stressade och döljer smärta. Det finns trots det en chans att fåglarna kan återhämta sig från en vingfraktur om personalen på kliniken har rätta kunskaper. Det spelar även in om djurägaren avsätter tid och arbete för att optimera fågelns välmående under läkningsprocessen.Wing fractures are a common reason why birds need care at veterinary clinics. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to obtain scientific information regarding the treatment and care of wing fractures in birds. The intention was also to compare the differences in treatment and care between domestic birds and wild birds. This bachelor thesis focuses on exploring if birds with wing fractures can heal and regain their ability to fly again after treatment. The bachelor thesis consisted of a literature study and personal interviews. For the literature study, both scientific articles and textbooks were used to find information. For the interviews, three veterinarians and two veterinarian nurses who worked at veterinary clinics specializing in exotic pets were contacted. Three of those five were booked for interview. In the literature it was found that x-ray diagnostics are used to determine if there is a fracture and confirm the appearance of the wing fracture. Bandaging is the most common treatment method used to begin the healing process. This bachelor thesis provides information on how the treatment and nursing of a wing fracture can be designed. The work compares the differences that were found in the applied literature in the treatment and nursing between domestic birds and wild birds. The results of this bachelor thesis indicate that birds are difficult patients to manage and treat, as they easily become stressed and conceal pain. There is nevertheless a chance that the birds can recover from a wing fracture if the staff at the clinic has the right knowledge. It also matters if the animal owner allocates time and work to optimize the bird's well-being during the healing process. Keywords: wing fracture, birds, treatment, care, pet bird, wild bir

Är resursfördelningen rättvis? Skillnader inom och mellan kommuner - en rättvisefråga.

Since the municipalization of primary school in the early 1990s, has a fair education within and between muncipalities been discussed. The purpose of this case study is to examine Frasers (2011) equitable theory of economic redistribution, cultural recognition and political representation against the effects on fairness of municipalization. The aim is to see if the municipalities are responsible to freely allocate resources to primary schools, create equity between schools within and between municipalities, by answering questions about how resource allocation affects a fair education, the municipalities’ freedom to allocate resources based on local conditions, as well as if concerning local resource allocation to primary school is fair from Fraser’s perspective. The study is based on state public inquiries, reports and investigations of, for example, Swedish Governments Official Reports (SOU), Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SKL), National Agency for Education (Skolverket) and the Swedish Schools Inspectorate (Skolinspektionen) but also literature relating to equitable primary education. The analysis of the material based on Fraser’s theory shows that the municipalities’ freedom to allocate resources to primary schools do not create a fair education. Economic redistribution, cultural recognition and political representation are three dimensions which together, create an equal participation in social life

Genusperspektiv på nationalekonomi – välkommet eller motarbetat?

Ekonomiska fakulteten vid Lunds universitet beslutade år 2013 att genusperspektiv ska ha en framträdande roll i undervisningen. Genom intervjuer med undervisande personal på Nationalekonomiska institutionen undersöker denna studie vilka möjligheter de anställda har att följa de direktiv som Ekonomiska fakulteten beslutar om. Studien analyserar universitetslärarnas svar utifrån teorin om förstå, kan och vill, vilka är de tre egenskaper som Lundquist anser behövs för att beslut ska verkställas. Graden av uppfyllelse av Lundquists kriterier för god implementering varierar kraftigt mellan de intervjuade och det finns varierande möjligheter för de intervjuade att uppfylla policyn. Undersökningen är gjord utifrån ett traditionellt perspektiv på styrning, och arbetar med ett top-down-perspektiv vilket under arbetets gång fått utvecklas då modellen för styrningen kan diskuteras

Strategier personer med multipel skleros använder sig av i sin vardag

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka strategier personer med multiple skleros använder sig av för att handskas med sjukdomen då den innebär skiftande dagsform. Sju personer deltog i studien, två män och fem kvinnor. Studien hade en kvalitativ ansats och datainsamlingen skedde genom intervju med hjälp av en egengjord intervjuguide. Efter innehållsanalys identifierades tre kategorier och ett flertal subkategorier. Resultatet visade att alla deltagare använde sig av olika strategier i sin vardag,. Att informera sina anhöriga om sjukdomen fungerade som en social beredskap för individerna att ta till vid behov av stöd. Andra strategier var olika typer av energibesparing genom användande av hjälpmedel, att planera sin vardag så att energin räckte till, samt att lyssna på sin kropp och inte köra över sig själv. En positiv och aktiv livsstil visade sig även vara av stor vikt. Trots att sjukdomen påverkade mycket så upplevde alla individerna sig ha livskvalitet och en innehållsrik vardag, och de betonade vikten av att fokusera på det positiva, det man tycker är kul, det man kan och det man vill

Characterization of Natural Killer Cell Phenotype and Function during Recurrent Human HSV-2 Infection

Human natural killer (NK) cell differentiation, characterized by a loss of NKG2A in parallel with the acquisition of NKG2C, KIRs, and CD57 is stimulated by a number of virus infections, including infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV), hantavirus, chikungunya virus, and HIV-1. Here, we addressed if HSV-2 infection in a similar way drives NK cell differentiation towards an NKG2A-NKG2C+KIR+CD57+ phenotype. In contrast to infection with CMV, hantavirus, chikungunya virus, and HIV-1, recurrent HSV-2 infection did not yield an accumulation of highly differentiated NK cells in human peripheral blood. This outcome indicates that human HSV-2 infection has no significant imprinting effect on the human NK cell repertoire

Novel Method for Controlled Wetting of Materials in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope

Environmental scanning electron microscopy has been extensively used for studying the wetting properties of different materials. For some types of investigation, however, the traditional ways of conducting in situ dynamic wetting experiments do not offer sufficient control over the wetting process. Here, we present a novel method for controlled wetting of materials in the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). It offers improved control of the point of interaction between the water and the specimen and renders it more accessible for imaging. It also enables the study of water transport through a material by direct imaging. The method is based on the use of a piezo-driven nanomanipulator to bring a specimen in contact with a water reservoir in the ESEM chamber. The water reservoir is established by local condensation on a Peltier-cooled surface. A fixture was designed to make the experimental setup compatible with the standard Peltier cooling stage of the microscope. The developed technique was successfully applied to individual cellulose fibers, and the absorption and transport of water by individual cellulose fibers were imaged

A self-consistent hybrid Comptonization model for broad-band spectra of accreting supermassive black holes

The nature of the broad-band spectra of supermassive accreting black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is still unknown. The hard X-ray spectra of Seyferts as well as of Galactic stellar-mass black holes (GBHs) are well represented by thermal Comptonization, but the origin of the seed photons is less certain. The MeV tails observed in GBHs provide evidence in favour of non-thermal electron tails and it is possible that such electrons are also present in the X-ray emitting regions of AGNs. Using simulations with the kinetic code that self-consistently models electron and photon distributions, we find that the power-law-like X-ray spectra in AGNs can be explained in terms of the synchrotron self-Compton radiation of hybrid thermal/non-thermal electrons, similarly to the hard/low state of GBHs. Under a very broad range of parameters the model predicts a rather narrow distribution of photon spectral slopes consistent with that observed from LINERs and Seyferts at luminosities less than 3 per cent of the Eddington luminosity. The entire infrared to X-ray spectrum of these objects can be described in terms of our model, suggesting a tight correlation between the two energy bands. We show that the recently found correlation between slope and the Eddington ratio at higher luminosities can be described by the increasing fraction of disc photons in the emitting region, which may be associated with the decreasing inner radius of the optically thick accretion disc. The increasing flux of soft photons is also responsible for the transformation of the electron distribution from nearly thermal to almost completely non-thermal. The softer X-ray spectra observed in narrow-line Seyfert galaxies may correspond to non-thermal Comptonization of the disc photons, predicting that no cutoff should be observed up to MeV energies in these sources, similarly to the soft-state GBHs.Comment: MNRAS publishe

Investigations on path indexing for graph databases

Graph databases have become an increasingly popular choice for the management of the massive network data sets arising in many contemporary applications. We investigate the effectiveness of path indexing for accelerating query processing in graph database systems, using as an exemplar the widely used open-source Neo4j graph database. We present a novel path index design which supports efficient ordered access to paths in a graph dataset. Our index is fully persistent and designed for external memory storage and retrieval. We also describe a compression scheme that exploits the limited differences between consecutive keys in the index, as well as a workload-driven approach to indexing. We demonstrate empirically the speed-ups achieved by our implementation, showing that the path index yields query run-times from 2x up to 8000x faster than Neo4j. Empirical evaluation also shows that our scheme leads to smaller indexes than using general-purpose LZ4 compression. The complete stand-alone implementation of our index, as well as supporting tooling such as a bulk-loader, are provided as open source for further research and development

Radiation Induced Point and Cluster-Related Defects with Strong Impact to Damage Properties of Silicon Detectors

This work focuses on the investigation of radiation induced defects responsible for the degradation of silicon detectors. Comparative studies of the defects induced by irradiation with 60Co- rays, 6 and 15 MeV electrons, 23 GeV protons and 1 MeV equivalent reactor neutrons revealed the existence of point defects and cluster related centers having a strong impact on damage properties of Si diodes. The detailed relation between the microscopic reasons as based on defect analysis and their macroscopic consequences for detector performance are presented. In particular, it is shown that the changes in the Si device properties after exposure to high levels of 60Co- doses can be completely understood by the formation of two point defects, both depending strongly on the Oxygen concentration in the silicon bulk. Specific for hadron irradiation are the annealing effects which decrease resp. increase the originally observed damage effects as seen by the changes of the depletion voltage. A group of three cluster related defects, revealed as deep hole traps, proved to be responsible specifically for the reverse annealing. Their formation is not affected by the Oxygen content or Si growth procedure suggesting that they are complexes of multi-vacancies located inside extended disordered regions.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figure