Profil Angular Cheilitis pada penderita HIV/AIDS di UPIPI RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya 2014

Profile of Angular Cheilitis in HIV/AIDS Patients at UPIPI RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya 2014. For over twenty years, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have become a significant public health concern, and the epidemic continues to challenge humanity. HIV related oral lesions can be used as markers of the immune status. Angular Cheilitis (AC) which is one of the seven oral manifestations which are strongly associated with HIV Infection, has been identified and internationally calibrated. The purpose of this research is to identify the Angular Cheilitis and its association with reduced Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4+) count in HIV/AIDS patients at Unit Perawatan Intermediet Penyakit Infeksi (UPIPI) RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. This was an Analytic observasional research with cross-sectional and total sampling method. The samples consisted of 88 HIV/AIDS patients treated in UPIPI RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya from July to August 2014. The Diagnosis of Angular Cheilitis was based on clinical appearance; the oral cavities of the research subjects were examined by dentists specialized in Oral Medicine. CD4+ counts were obtained from the patient’s medical record. Eighty Eight HIV/AIDS patients were examined and there were 120 cases of oral manifestation. There were 31 cases of Angular Cheilitis (25,83%). Angular Cheilitis was found to be significantly correlated to the decrease in CD4+ cell count below 200 cells/mm3 (P< -,245). Risk Relative anaylsis concludes that HIV/AIDS patients with Candidiasis Oral 7.5 more often suffer from AC. There is a correlation between AC and OC (p<0,357). Angular Cheilitis may be used as an alternative to predict CD4+ count at field-based settings to diagnose the immunocompromised status of HIV-infected individuals

Correlation Linear Gingival Erythema, Candida Infection and CD4+ Counts in HIV/AIDS Patients at UPIPI RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

East Java has been 2nd highest province with HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia on 2013. Oral manifestations are among the earliest and most important indicator of HIV infection progression. Linear Gingival Erythema (LGE) is the one of seven oral manifestation which associated with HIV Infection. Clinical feature of LGE is a distinctive fiery red band along the margin of the gingiva. The etiology and pathogenesis of LGE are still questionable, but a candidal infection and decreased of CD4+ counts has been suggested. The aim of this study was to investigate LGE with its correlation with Candida infection and decreased level of CD4+ in HIV/AIDS patient. This study was an analytical observational research with cross-sectional and total sampling method. The samples consisted of 88 HIV/AIDS patients treated in UPIPI RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya from July-August 2014 were recruited for Candida microbial screening on LGE lesion. Clinical specimens including oral swabs were collected. Diagnosed of LGE by clinical appearance, the oral cavity of research subjects examined by oral medicine specialist. CD4+ counts obtained from patient's medical record. 88 HIV/AIDS patients were examined, there were 7 cases (5,83%) LGE, 7 from 7 gingival margin found Oral Candidiasis (OC) (100%). LGE was found to be significantly correlated to OC and decreased CD4+ counts < 200 cells/mm3 (p<0.05). LGE related to candida infection and decreased CD4+ counts in HIV/AIDS patients

Profil Angular Cheilitis pada penderita HIV/AIDS di UPIPI RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya 2014

Profile of Angular Cheilitis in HIV/AIDS Patients at UPIPI RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya 2014. For over twenty years, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have become a significant public health concern, and the epidemic continues to challenge humanity. HIV related oral lesions can be used as markers of the immune status. Angular Cheilitis (AC) which is one of the seven oral manifestations which are strongly associated with HIV Infection, has been identified and Internationally calibrated. The purpose of this research is to identify the Angular Cheilitis and its association with reduced Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4+) count in HIV/AIDS patients at Unit Perawatan Intermediet Penyakit Infeksi (UPIPI) RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. This was an Analytic observasional research with cross-sectional and total sampling method. The samples consisted of 88 HIV/AIDS patients treated in UPIPI RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya from July to August 2014. The Diagnosis of Angular Cheilitis was based on clinical appearance; the oral cavities of the research subjects were examined by dentists specialized in Oral Medicine. CD4+ counts were obtained from the patient's medical record. Eighty Eight HIV/AIDS patients were examined and there were 120 cases of oral manifestation. There were 31 cases of Angular Cheilitis (25,83%). Angular Cheilitis was found to be significantly correlated to the decrease in CD4+ cell count below 200 cells/mm3 (P< -,245). Risk Relative anaylsis concludes that HIV/AIDS patients with Candidiasis Oral 7.5 more often suffer from AC. There is a correlation between AC and OC (p<0,357). Angular Cheilitis may be used as an alternative to predict CD4+ count at field-based settings to diagnose the immunocompromised status of HIV-infected individuals

Oral candidiasis profile of the Indonesian HIV-infected pediatric patients at UPIPI Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Introduction Indonesia is stated as one of Asia’s fastest growing HIV epidemics, yet to date, studies on the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially on Indonesian children, are very limited. Opportunistic infections, such as oral candidiasis have been an integral part of the disease and related to important diagnostic and prognostic values of the infection. The aim of this study was to determine the candidiasis profile of the Indonesian HIV-infected pediatric patients, and to correlate the clinical types of candidiasis with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use and the level of immune suppression. Material and methods HIV-infected pediatric patients attending the Intermediate Care and Infectious Disease Centre (UPIPI), Dr. Soetomo Hospital outpatient clinic between June-October 2017 were examined intraorally for the presence of oral candidiasis. Identification of Candida species was based on colony morphology on CHROM-Agar, hydrolysis of urea, carbohydrate fermentation tests, thermotolerance test, and microscopic morphology on slide culture from oral swab samples. Other relevant data regarding each patient were also obtained from medical records. Results Oral candidiasis was found in 55.17% patients, with 3 different clinical types: pseudomembranous (21.43%), erythematous (14.29%), and angular cheilitis (46.3%). There was a significant relationship between HAART with erythematous type (p < 0.05) and even stronger with the pseudomembranous type of Candida (p < 0.01). There was significant relationship between the level of immune suppression and pseudomembranous type (p < 0.05) and even stronger with the erythematous type (p < 0.01). Conclusions Concurrent pseudomembranous and erythematous candidiasis may indicate advanced progression of HIV-infected pediatric patients, therefore further studies are required to validate our findings

Environmental liability litigation could remedy biodiversity loss

Many countries allow lawsuits to hold responsible parties liable for the environmental harm they cause. Such litigation remains largely untested in most biodiversity hotspots and is rarely used in response to leading drivers of biodiversity loss, including illegal wildlife trade. Yet, liability litigation is a potentially ground-breaking conservation strategy to remedy harm to biodiversity by seeking legal remedies such as species rehabilitation, public apologies, habitat conservation and education, with the goal of making the injured parties ‘whole’. However, precedent cases, expert guidance, and experience to build such conservation lawsuits is nascent in most countries. We propose a simplified framework for developing conservation lawsuits across countries and conservation contexts. We explain liability litigation in terms of three dimensions: (1) defining the harm that occurred, (2) identifying appropriate remedies to that harm, and (3) understanding what remedies the law and courts will allow. We illustrate the framework via a hypothetical lawsuit against an illegal orangutan trader in Indonesia. We highlight that conservationists’ expertise is essential to characterizing harm and identifying remedies, and could more actively contribute to strategic, science-based litigation. This would identify priority contexts, target defendants responsible for egregious harm, propose novel and meaningful remedies, and build new transdisciplinary collaborations

Anti–Peri-implantitis Bacteria’s Ability of Robusta Green Coffee Bean (Coffea Canephora) Ethanol Extract: An In Silico and In Vitro Study

Introduction Treatment of dentofacial malocclusion with mini orthodontic implants may be promising but it is frequently related to bacterial infection–induced production of inflammatory mediators that affect mini-implant osseointegration. For robusta green coffee bean (RGCB; Coffea canephora), ethanol extract may be beneficial as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, induce osteogenic, and growth factor protein for anti–peri-implantitis. Objective This study was aimed to investigate RGCBE extract as antioxidant and anti–peri-implantitis bacteria through in vitro study and its potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antibone resorption, and proosteogenic through in silico study. Materials and Methods Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity prediction, molecular docking simulation, and visualization of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and coumaric acid (CA) as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial were investigated in silico. Inhibition zone by diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of RGCBE extract against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) were done

Polymethylmethacrylate-hydroxyapatite antibacterial and antifungal activity against oral bacteria: An in vitro study

الملخص: أهداف البحث: الحنك المشقوق هو عيب خلقي شائع يتطلب غالبا ترقيع العظام السنخية للحصول على علاج فعال. كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو دراسة الأنشطة المضادة للبكتيريا والفطريات لمختلط بولي ميثيل ميثاكريلات-هيدروكسيباتيت ضد الكائنات الحية الدقيقة في الفم. يمكن أن تفيد النتائج الاستخدام المحتمل لـ بولي ميثيل ميثاكريلات-هيدروكسيباتيت كمواد تطعيم عظمية اصطناعية لعلاج عيوب العظام السنخية في حالات الحنك المشقوق. طريقة البحث: تم تحضير مسحوق هيدروكسيباتيت من مركز السيراميك في إندونيسيا وحبيبات بولي ميثيل ميثاكريلات من مختبرات هاي ميديا بنسبة 20:80 و30:70 و40:60. تم استخدام طريقة الانتشار المضاد للبكتيريا ضد المكورات العنقودية الذهبية، المشعشعة المصاحبة للورم الفطري، وحيدات الخلية البورفيرينية اللثوية و المغزلية الناخرة، في حين تم اختبار طريقة الانتشار المضاد للفطريات ضد المبيضات البيضاء. استخدمت بروتوكولات موحدة للزراعة الميكروبية. تم قياس مناطق التثبيط باستخدام الفرجار الرقمي. وشملت التحليلات الإحصائية اختبارات أنوفا و كروسكال-واليس أحادية الاتجاه، بالإضافة إلى اختبارات ''تركي الفرق الكبير بصراحة'' اللاحقة. النتائج: أظهرت سقالة بولي ميثيل ميثاكريلات-هيدروكسيباتيت بنسبة 20:80 أعلى نشاط مضاد للجراثيم ضد المكورات العنقودية الذهبية، المشعشعة المصاحبة للورم الفطري، وحيدات الخلية البورفيرينية اللثوية و المغزلية الناخرة. وتلاها النسب 30:70 و40:60 من حيث النشاط المضاد للبكتيريا. تم تحقيق أهمية إحصائية بالمقارنة مع الضوابط. ومع ذلك، لم تظهر أي من نسب بولي ميثيل ميثاكريلات-هيدروكسيباتيت نشاطا مضادا للفطريات ضد المبيضات البيضاء. الاستنتاجات: سقالات بولي ميثيل ميثاكريلات-هيدروكسيباتيت لها نشاط مضاد للجراثيم، ولكن ليس لها نشاط مضاد للفطريات. Abstract: Objective: Reconstruction of alveolar bone defects resulting from aging, trauma, ablative surgery or pathology, remains a significant clinical challenge. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of mixed polymethylmethacrylate-hydroxyapatite (PMMA-HA) against oral microorganisms. Our findings could provide valuable insights into the prospective application of PMMA-HA as a synthetic bone graft material to manage alveolar bone defects via tissue engineering. Methods: HA powder was obtained from the Center for Ceramics in Indonesia and PMMA granules were obtained from HiMedia Laboratories; these were prepared in 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 ratios. The antibacterial diffusion method was then performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, while the antifungal diffusion method was used to test against Candida albicans. Standardized protocols were used for microbial culturing and inhibition zones were measured with digital calipers. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests, supplemented by post-hoc Tukey HSD tests. Results: A PMMA-HA scaffold with a 20:80 ratio demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum. This was followed by the 30:70 and 40:60 ratios in terms of antibacterial activity. Statistical significance was achieved with p < 0.05 in comparison to controls. However, none of the PMMA-HA ratios showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. Conclusion: PMMA-HA scaffolds have significant activity against bacteria, but not against fungi

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development

This proceeding contains articles on the various ideas of the academic community presented at The 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development (ICCEESD 2022) organized by the Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia on 7th-8th December 2022.  ICCEESD is a biannual forum for sharing, benchmarking, and discussing HEI’s activities in developing Education for Sustainable Development towards community engagement. Education for Sustainability as a teaching strategy for resolving community challenges through formal, informal, or non-formal education is expected to benefit from various community service best practices by academics, researchers, and students. The 3rd ICCEESD has “Strengthening Education for Sustainability Towards Better Community Engagement” as its theme this year. It is expected that the 3rd ICCEESD will provide a forum for the presenters and participants to exchange best practices, policies, and conceptual implementation of Education for Sustainability towards better community engagement and explore ideas to address community needs.  Conference Title: 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable DevelopmentConference Theme: Strengthening Education for Sustainability Towards Better Community EngagementConference Acronyms: ICCEESD 2022Conference Date: 7th-8th December 2022Conference Location: Grand Rohan Jogja Yogyakarta, IndonesiaConference Organizer: Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesi