Seasonal and annual fluxes of nutrients and organic matter from large rivers to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Estuaries and Coasts 35 (2012): 369-382, doi:10.1007/s12237-011-9386-6.River inputs of nutrients and organic matter impact the biogeochemistry of arctic estuaries and the Arctic Ocean as a whole, yet there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of fluvial fluxes at the pan-arctic scale. Samples from the six largest arctic rivers, with a combined watershed area of 11.3 x 106 km2, have revealed strong seasonal variations in constituent concentrations and fluxes within rivers as well as large differences among the rivers. Specifically, we investigate fluxes of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorus, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, nitrate, and silica. This is the first time that seasonal and annual constituent fluxes have been determined using consistent sampling and analytical methods at the pan arctic scale, and consequently provide the best available estimates for constituent flux from land to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas. Given the large inputs of river water to the relatively small Arctic Ocean, and the dramatic impacts that climate change is having in the Arctic, it is particularly urgent that we establish the contemporary river fluxes so that we will be able to detect future changes and evaluate the impact of the changes on the biogeochemistry of the receiving coastal and ocean systems.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grants OPP-0229302, OPP-0519840, OPP-0732522, and OPP-0732944. Additional support was provided by the U. S. Geological Survey (Yukon River) and the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs (Mackenzie River)

Peer delivered services and peer support for people living with bipolar disorder: A scoping review protocol

Background: Numerous barriers exist to accessing treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). Peer support interventions may help increase the availability and acceptability of supports for people living with BD, and may be particularly well-suited for improving recovery and quality of life. There is evidence to support the potential of peer support interventions for improving wellbeing, clinical outcomes, and access to care. However, to date, no reviews of peer support interventions have specifically focused on BD. This scoping review aims to describe the experience and impacts of peer support for BD. Methods and analysis: A scoping review will be conducted following the frameworks of Levac et al. (2010), based on the foundational work of Arksey and O'Malley (2005). To investigate the quantitative and qualitative evidence for peer support interventions in BD, we will search MEDLINE (via Ovid), EMBASE (via Ovid), and PsycINFO (via EBSCOhost) using terms related to peer support and BD (developed through review of the previous literature and consultation with a medical librarian). All study designs reporting qualitative or quantitative data on the impacts and experiences of peer support for people with BD will be included. Extracted data will include study characteristics, participant demographics, key characteristics of the intervention, outcomes, and subjective experiences. Discussion: This review is expected to provide evidence to support healthcare decision makers by identifying promising peer support interventions for BD. We anticipate that scoping review findings will guide future research to help build a stronger evidence base for the development, evaluation, and implementation of peer support interventions for this population