Connection between Distribution and Fragmentation Functions

We show that the quark fragmentation function $D(z)$ and the quark distribution function $q(x)$ are connected in the $z \to 1$ limit by the approximate relation $D(z)/z \simeq q(2-1/z)$, where both quantities are in their physical regions. Predictions for proton production in inelastic $e^+ e^-$ annihilation, based on the new relation and standard parametrizations of quark distribution functions, are found to be compatible with the data.Comment: 10 latex pages, 2 figures, published as Rapid Communication in PR

Aergia number: A new non‐dimensional group for gas turbine power estimation

The work in this article defines an innovative approach to evaluate the performances of gas turbine based systems. This approach allows to link the thermodynamic and mechanical model of a gas turbine with its control system while bypassing the necessity to model the electrical generator. A non-dimensional group, called Aergia number, has been experimentally correlated with the measured electrical power output through a linear function. The Aergia number reproduces with accuracy the electrical power output during both steady state and transient operation. Furthermore, the proven linearity of the model implies that, in principle, its implementation requires the knowledge of just two data points during steady state operation. The model has been validated using two experimental facilities within the ENEA Casaccia Research Center, each equipped with a Turbec T100 S3 micro gas turbine, but characterized by different gas paths. Furthermore, the same linearity relation has been confirmed for aeroderivative and heavy duty single-, dual-, and triple-shaft gas turbines with power outputs ranging from 2 to 330 MWel. In light of these findings, the non-dimensional group Aergia positions itself, at least, as a rule of thumb for evaluating gas turbine off-design power output and, on a broader perspective, as a valid performance indicator in the definition of a gas turbine digital twin

Resonant Five-body Recombination in an Ultracold Gas of Bosonic Atoms

We combine theory and experiment to investigate five-body recombination in an ultracold gas of atomic cesium at negative scattering length. A refined theoretical model, in combination with extensive laboratory tunability of the interatomic interactions, enables the five-body resonant recombination rate to be calculated and measured. The position of the new observed recombination feature agrees with a recent theoretical prediction and supports the prediction of a family of universal cluster states at negative $a$ that are tied to an Efimov trimer.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

Life history of Capnia bifrons (Newman, 1838) (Plecoptera: Capniidae) in a small Apennine creek, NW Italy

The biology of stoneflies from Apennine mountain system is little known. In the present study, we provide information on the life cycle, secondary production, nymphal feeding and flight period of <i>Capnia bifrons</i> (Newman, 1838) in the Albedosa creek (NW Italy). At this study site, the species has a univoltine life cy- cle, with a relatively short and fast nymphal development period and high annual secondary production. Nymphs feed mainly on detritus but incorporate also other food items in their diet, such as coarse particulate organic matter and fungi. Ontogenetic shift from collector-gatherer to shredder habits is detected. Emer- gence is in February–April, slightly late compared to northern populations

[First reporting of the signal crayfish (Decapoda, Astacidae) in the Province of Savona, Italy]

In this short note we report the sudden and numerically significant expansion of signal crayfish (P. leniusculus) from Piedmont towards Liguria. P. leniusculus (Decapode Astacidae) is native to northwestern America, introduced in Italy in 1981 in the province of Bolzano, a few years later it was reported in Brugneto Lake (Genova district) and during the 2009 in the Valla stream (Alessandria district). The peculiarities of this species, originally from "cold water", making it potentially invasive in the Apennine watercourses and also the presence of this allochthonous decapod in the Savona district, would like to suggest the implementation of containment plans, acts at least to limit its spread

Gender specific medicine in liver diseases: a point of view.

Gender medicine focuses on the patho-physiological, clinical, prevention and treatment differences in diseases that are equally represented in men and women. The purpose of gender medicine is to ensure that each individual man and woman receives the best treatment possible based on scientific evidence. The concept of “gender” includes not only the sexual characteristics of individuals but also physiological and psychological attributes of men and women, including risk factors, protective/aggravating effects of sexual hormones and variances linked to genetics and corporal structures that explain biological and physiological differences between men and women. It is very important to consider all the biological, physiological, functional, psychological, social and cultural characteristics to provide patients with individualized disease management. Herein, we critically analyze the literature regarding gender differences for diseases and acquired conditions of the most representative hepatic pathologies: primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, non alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, and viral chronic hepatitis B and C. The last section addresses hemochromatosis, which is a prevalent iron overload disorder in the Caucasian population. This review aims to describe data from the literature concerning viral chronic hepatitis during pregnancy, management during pregnancy and delivery, and new effective drugs for the prevention of maternal infection transmission without significant adverse effects or complications