884 research outputs found

    Age characteristics of changes in invertase activity of the mucous membrane of the small intestine

    Get PDF
    Rats of varying ages were subjected to stress from heat, cold, and hydrocortisone injection. Invertase activity in homogenates of small intestine mucous membranes was studied following sacrifice. Invertase activity was low in young animals, but increased sharply in 30 day old ones, remaining at a relatively constant level until old age. The study concludes that the stress hormone (corticosteroids, etc.) levels in the blood, which affects the formation of enteric enzyme levels and activities, and that age related peculiarities in invertase activity are a consequence of altered hormone status and epitheliocyte sensitivity

    Influence of obesity and related metabolic alterations on colorectal cancer risk

    Get PDF
    Obesity and related metabolic alterations have been implicated to play a role in colorectal cancer risk. The metabolic syndrome, as assessed according to current international definitions by the key components, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and abnormal glucose metabolism, is associated with colorectal cancer. Recent studies suggest that abdominal obesity and abnormal glucose metabolism may primarily account for this association. Visceral adipose tissue is physiologically more active than subcutaneous adipose tissue and generates hormones and cytokines with inflammatory, metabolic, and direct carcinogenic potential, which may directly or indirectly increase colorectal cancer risk. Current evidence suggests that obesity acts as a risk factor for colorectal cancer by several mechanisms, including chronic low-grade inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, as well as alterations in insulin-like growth factor and adipokine concentrations. Metabolic biomarkers reflecting these processes may not only provide clues for etiological understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis but also might be an alternative way to define an "obesity phenotype" that is relevant for colorectal cancer development

    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Ρ‚Π° Π΄Ρ–ΡƒΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π° дія 8-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… 7-(2-гідрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксипропіл-1)-3-мСтилксантину

    Get PDF
    It has been found that natural xanthines, as well as their synthetic analogs, possess the diuretic effect. Analysis of the literature proves that there is a great opportunity of applying synthetic derivatives of N-methylated xanthines as potential diuretics.Aim. To develop preparative methods of the synthesis of 8-aminosubstituted of 7-(2-hydroxy-3-p-metoxyphenoxypropyl-1)-3-methylxanthine and study their physical, chemical and biological properties. Results. The synthesis of a series of 8-aminosubstituted of 7-(2-hydroxy-3-p-metoxyphenoxypropyl-1)-3-methylxanthine was carried out. According to the results of the biological testing the compounds synthesized belong to the toxicity of class IV. 7-(2-Hydroxy-3-p-methoxyphenoxypropyl-1)-8-(furyl-2-methylamino)-3-methylxanthine xanthine shows the highest diuretic activity, and hence, requires a more in-depth study since it is twice more active than hydrochlorothiazide. It should be emphasized that all compounds synthesized exhibit a marked diuretic effect. Experimental part. 8-Bromo-7-(2-hydroxy-3-p-methoxyphenoxypropyl-1)-3-methylxanthine was obtained by heating 8-bromo-3-methylxanthine with p-methoxyphenoxymethyloxirane in butanol-1 and in the presence of N,N-dimethylbenzylamine. 8-Aminosubstitutied of 7-(2-hydroxy-3-p-metoxyphenoxypropyl-1)-3-methylxanthine was obtained by boiling of bromoalcohol with the primary and secondary amines. The structure of the compounds synthesized was unambiguously confirmed by NMR-spectroscopy. The acute toxicity of the compounds obtained was studied by Kerber method. The study of the diuretic activity of the compounds was carried out using Ye. Berkhin method. Hydrochlorothiazide was used as a reference substance. Conclusions. Simple methods for the synthesis of 8-amino-7- (2-hydroxy-3-p-methoxyphenoxypropyl-1)-3-methylxanthines have been developed. The structure of the compounds synthesized has been confirmed by the method of NMR 1H-spectroscopy. The acute toxicity and the diuretic activity of the compounds obtained have been studied.Π˜Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ксантины, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… синтСтичСскиС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ диурСтичСским дСйствиСм. Анализ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ пСрспСктивС использования синтСтичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… N-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ксантинов Π² качСствС ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… диурСтичСских срСдств. ЦСль Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ – Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² синтСза 8-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 7-(2-гидрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксипропил-1)-3-мСтилксантина ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-химичСских ΠΈ биологичСских свойств. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… обсуТдСниС. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ряд 8-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 7-(2-гидрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксипропил-1)-3-мСтилксантина. По Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ биологичСских испытаний синтСзированныС соСдинСния относятся ΠΊ IV классу токсичности. 7-(2-Гидрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксипропил-1)-8-(Ρ„ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ»-2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ)-3-мСтилксантин ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΡƒΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ доскональноС ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ ΠΎΠ½ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π² 2 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅Π΅Β  Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π°. НСобходимо ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ всС синтСзированныС соСдинСния ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ диурСтичСскоС дСйствиС. Π­ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ. 8-Π‘Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ-7-(2-гидрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСнокси­пропил-1)-3-мСтилксантин ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 8-Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ-3-мСтилксантина с ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксимСтилоксираном Π² Π±ΡƒΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π΅-1 Π² присутствии N,N-Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°. 8-АминозамСщСнныС 7-(2-гидрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтокси­фСноксипропил-1)-3-мСтилксантина синтСзированы ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ кипячСния бромоспирта с ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° синтСзированных соСдинСний ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ПМР-спСктроскопии. ΠžΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ синтСзированных соСдинСний ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠšΠ΅Ρ€Π±Π΅Ρ€Π°. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ диурСтичСской активности ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π‘Π΅Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ½Π° Π•. Π‘. Π’ качСствС эталона сравнСния использовали Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‹ простыС Π² Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ синтСза 8-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 7-(2-гидрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксипропил-1)-3-мСтилксантина. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° синтСзированных соСдинСний Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ПМР-спСктроскопии. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° острая Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ диурСтичСская Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств.Π’Ρ–Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎ, Ρ‰ΠΎ як ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ– ксантини, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Ρ– Ρ—Ρ… синтСтичні Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Ρ–ΡƒΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρƒ Π΄Ρ–ΡŽ. Аналіз Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π»Ρ–Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ ΡΠ²Ρ–Π΄Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ пСрспСктиву використання синтСтичних ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… N-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… ксантинів Π² якості ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ–ΡƒΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… засобів. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡŽ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ” Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π² синтСзу 8-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… 7-(2-гідрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксипропіл-1)-3-мСтилксантину Ρ‚Π° вивчСння Ρ—Ρ… Ρ„Ρ–Π·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π° Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… властивостСй. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… обговорСння. Π‘ΡƒΠ² синтСзований ряд 8-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… 7-(2-гідрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксипропіл-1)-3-мСтилксантину. Π—Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΈΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΠ²Π°Π½ΡŒ синтСзовані сполуки Π²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ IV класу токсичності. 7-(2-Гідрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксипропіл-1)-8-(Ρ„ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ»-2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎ)-3-мСтилксантин виявляє Π½Π°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡ‰Ρƒ Π΄Ρ–ΡƒΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π° ΠΎΡ‚ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡ” Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ досконалого вивчСння, ΠΎΡΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ–Π½ Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ Π½Ρ–ΠΆ Ρƒ 2 Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡˆΠΈΠΉ Π·Π° Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ–Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΄. НСобхідно підкрСслити, Ρ‰ΠΎ всі синтСзовані сполуки Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΈΡ€Π°Π·Π½Ρƒ Π΄Ρ–ΡƒΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρƒ Π΄Ρ–ΡŽ.Π•ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° частина. 8-Π‘Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎ-7-(2-гідрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксипропіл-1)-3-мСтилксантин ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ нагріванням 8-Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎ-3-мСтилксантину Π· ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксимСтилоксираном Ρƒ Π±ΡƒΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ–-1 Π² присутності N,N-Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ. 8-АмінозаміщСні 7-(2-гідрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксипропіл-1)-3-мСтилксантину синтСзовані ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…ΠΎΠΌ кип’ятіння бромоспирту Π· ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Π° Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° синтСзованих сполук Π±ΡƒΠ»Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ПМР-спСктроскопії. Гостра Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ синтСзованих сполук Π±ΡƒΠ»Π° Π²ΠΈΠ²Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠšΠ΅Ρ€Π±Π΅Ρ€Π°. ВивчСння Π΄Ρ–ΡƒΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— Π΄Ρ–Ρ— ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ… сполук ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Ρ–Π½Π° Π„. Π‘. Π’ якості Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ порівняння використовували Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ–Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΄. Висновки. Π‘ΡƒΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Ρ– прості Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½Π½Ρ– ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ синтСзу 8-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… 7-(2-гідрокси-3-ΠΏ-мСтоксифСноксипропіл-1)-3-мСтилксантину. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° синтСзованих сполук Π±ΡƒΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ПМР-спСктроскопії. Π’ΠΈΠ²Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π° гостра Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π° Π΄Ρ–ΡƒΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½

    The preventive destruction of a hazardous asteroid

    Get PDF
    One means of countering a hazardous asteroid is discussed: destruction of the object using a nuclear charge. Explosion of such an asteroid shortly before its predicted collision would have catastrophic consequences, with numerous highly radioactive fragments falling onto the Earth. The possibility of exploding the asteroid several years before its impact is also considered. Such an approach is made feasible because the vast majority of hazardous objects pass by the Earth several times before colliding with it. Computations show that, in the 10 years following the explosion, only a negligible number of fragments fall onto the Earth, whose radioactivity has substantially reduced during this time. In most cases, none of these fragments collides with the Earth. Thus, this proposed method for eliminating a threat from space is reasonable in at least two cases: when it is not possible to undergo a soft removal of the object from the collisional path, and to destroy objects that are continually returning to near-Earth space and require multiple removals from hazardous orbits

    Poetics of Book β€œJourney of Russian Imperial Sloop β€œDiana” from Kronstadt to Kamchatka ...” by V. M. Golovnin: Features of Documentary and Fiction Prose

    Get PDF
    Observations are presented on theΒ features ofΒ theΒ documentary and artistic organization ofΒ theΒ book byΒ V.Β M.Β Golovnin β€œJourney ofΒ Russian Imperial Sloop β€œDiana” from Kronstadt toΒ Kamchatka...” (1819). Such issues as theΒ thematic content ofΒ β€œJourney...”, theΒ role ofΒ theΒ author’s worldview in creating a single artistic whole, and theΒ features ofΒ theΒ aesthetic organization ofΒ documentary material are considered. TheΒ significance ofΒ theΒ study is seen in theΒ need to update theΒ memory ofΒ theΒ personality and literary work ofΒ V.Β M.Β Golovnin, an outstanding figure ofΒ Russian culture at theΒ beginning ofΒ theΒ 19th century. TheΒ presented material will allow supplementing with new facts theΒ picture ofΒ theΒ genre and style genesis ofΒ documentary and artistic genres in theΒ Russian historical and literary process ofΒ theΒ early 19th century. TheΒ relevance ofΒ theΒ study is determined by theΒ attention ofΒ modern literary criticism to theΒ poetics ofΒ documentary and artistic genres. TheΒ novelty ofΒ theΒ research is seen in theΒ appeal toΒ aΒ little-known work ofΒ Russian literature ofΒ theΒ first third ofΒ theΒ 19th century. It is reported that theΒ author showed theΒ maritime way ofΒ life with its regulations, traditions, experience ofΒ intercultural communication. TheΒ work is considered in theΒ main thematic lines: everyday life of a round-the-world sea expedition, seascape, battle studies, ethnographic sketches. It is noted that a value-semantic principle is revealed behind theΒ empirical material, which gives theΒ narrative artistic completeness and deeply brings Golovnin's β€œJourneyΒ ...” with theΒ tradition ofΒ Russian classical literature

    THE EGALITARIAN PRINCIPLES OF THE OLD BOHEMIAN STATEHOOD AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM

    Get PDF
    Purpose: The article is devoted to the study of egalitarian principles of medieval Czech statehood and the legal system. Methods: The authors pay special attention to the peculiarities of family self-government of the Czech communities, the institution of hazing in land law and the mechanism of reconciliation as an alternative to the death penalty. Findings: The paper proves that tribal remnants of the customary law of the ancient Czech people in the medieval era contributed to the preservation of egalitarian democratic principles of public administration and justice
    • …
    corecore