Desenvolvimento inovador de construção na rússia: economia, tecnologias, gestão

The main directions of innovative development of the construction industry in the views of different authors are considered. From the perspective of the state programs “Innovative Russia - 2020” and “Strategy for the Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation”, proposals were developed to make the innovation process on improving technologies, organization and management of construction industry more orderly and systematic. The system-synergistic and cluster approaches to the formation of innovative practices in capital construction based on the use of BIM-technologies have been substantiated.Se consideran las principales direcciones de desarrollo innovador de la industria de la construcción en las opiniones de diferentes autores. Desde la perspectiva de los programas estatales “Rusia innovadora - 2020” y “Estrategia para el desarrollo científico y tecnológico de la Federación de Rusia”, se desarrollaron propuestas para hacer que el proceso de innovación para mejorar las tecnologías, la organización y la gestión de la industria de la construcción sea más ordenado y sistemático. Los enfoques de sinergia de sistemas y de grupos para la formación de prácticas innovadoras en la construcción de capital basada en el uso de tecnologías BIM se han comprobado.As direções principais do desenvolvimento inovador da indústria de construção nas visões de autores diferentes são consideradas. Do ponto de vista dos programas estaduais “Rússia inovadora - 2020” e “Estratégia para o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico da Federação Russa”, foram desenvolvidas propostas para tornar o processo de inovação na melhoria das tecnologias, organização e gestão da indústria da construção civil mais ordenada e sistemática. As abordagens sinérgicas do sistema e cluster para a formação de práticas inovadoras na construção do capital com base no uso de tecnologias BIM foram comprovadas

The Economics of Innovation in Modern Russia: Practice, Problems and Prospects

In formed over the past quarter century in Russia the competitive market system has come to the fore the profitability of innovation, especially in production systems, industry and construction. Slightly less profitability factor manifests itself in the evaluation of innovations in social systems, yielding the position of the virtual indicator of socially useful significance of such innovations: the expansion and improvement of educational, children's and medical institutions, objects of culture and sports, non-profit facilities, “relaxation” and recreation. In the latter case, the economic effect of innovation is manifested in an indirect form, and after a considerable lapse of time: in the employability and technical culture of employees, in expanding the number and improving the quality of the labor pool in the intellectualization of law and order and labour discipline (law-abiding, tolerance) etc. Keywords: innovation, economic efficiency, new appliances, security, industrial equipment and machinery, wear and tear, cluster JEL Classification: O14, Q26, Q57, Q5

Resource-saving factor in the development of Russian cities

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of Russian cities and urban-type settlements from the standpoint of their historical and economic development. Using the methodology of economic, statistical and retrospective analysis, it was revealed that along with the growth of large cities in recent years, there has been a tendency towards a reduction in small settlements, which is associated with a decrease in industrial production. The result of this is the active development of urban processes, leading to the concentration in large cities of the scientific, technical and intellectual and production potential of the regions, their transformation into self-sufficient centers for the development of territorial socio-economic locations. The result of the study is the substantiation of the need to create new methodological approaches to the development and placement of productive forces, planning of urban areas, solving problems of energy and resource supply of territories on the basis of achieving their ecological and economic efficiency. The concept of the decisive role of the resource-saving factor in the process of urbanization of territories is substantiated. It was revealed that the approach to the analysis and modeling of the city economy when considering it as a "quasi-corporation" involves the formation of an integrated reproduction system based on increasing the efficiency of the use of territory resources, which translates the process of planning the development of the urban environment into the category of business process technologies