Proposal of ABC Methodology Through case Designs Derived from the Characteristics of the Work

El presente estudio es de tipo cualitativo y diseño no experimental, en el cual se tomó como punto de partida cinco casos de estudio del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (INSST) de España, los cuales se vincularon con el tema “Características del trabajo” de la Experiencia Educativa de Seguridad e higiene y se adaptaron a la normatividad mexicana vigente, para lo cual se aplicó la metodología activa de “Aprendizaje Basado en Casos (ABC)”, la cual proporciona al alumno casos análogos a la vida real y específicos, fortaleciendo sus habilidades de investigación, creación de conocimientos y razonamiento crítico, dicha metodología se subcategorizó en siete etapas, dando como resultado casos enfocados a la problemática actual que se vive en México.The present study is of a qualitative type and non-experimental design, in which five case studies from the National Institute of Safety and Health at Work (INSST) of Spain were taken as a starting point, which were linked to the topic “Characteristics of work” of the Safety and Hygiene Educational Experience and were adapted to current Mexican regulations, for which the active methodology of “Case-Based Learning (ABC)” was applied, which provides the student with cases analogous to real life and specific, strengthening their research skills, knowledge creation and critical reasoning, said methodology was subcategorized into seven stages, resulting in cases focused on the current problems experienced in Mexico

Escucha México. Cultura auditiva

En este PAP se integran objetivos que buscan incidir para la implementación de entornos incluyentes, el desarrollo de la educación sobre la salud y cultura auditiva, las herramientas necesarias para la defensa del confort acústico y la propagación de información sobre la discapacidad auditiva. Para lograr esto, se desenvuelven dentro del PAP seis proyectos, los cuales son, Coordinación de eventos, Cruzada Contra el Ruido, Material Didáctico, Mariana Anaya, Redes sociales PAP Escucha México y Observatorio interdisciplinario del ruido. Cada proyecto se desarrolla en diferentes áreas de trabajo, como puede ser la organización de paneles informativos y encuentros, el manejo de redes sociales, la elaboración de talleres y cursos. Para cada proyecto se desarrollan metodologías de trabajo cuantitativas y cualitativas, en donde se utilizan métodos deductivos y experimentales, con el acompañamiento de técnicas de observación, de focus group y de encuesta.ITESO, A.C

Selection and identification of a bacterial community able to degrade and detoxify m-nitrophenol in continuous biofilm reactors

Nitroaromatics are widely used for industrial purposes and constitute a group of compounds of environmental concern because of their persistence and toxic properties. Biological processes used for decontamination of nitroaromatic-polluted sources have then attracted worldwide attention. In the present investigation m-nitrophenol (MNP) biodegradation was studied in batch and continuous reactors. A bacterial community able to degrade the compound was first selected from a polluted freshwater stream and the isolates were identified by the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The bacterial community was then used in biodegradation assays. Batch experiments were conducted in a 2L aerobic microfermentor at 28°C and with agitation (200rpm). The influence of abiotic factors in the biodegradation process in batch reactors, such as initial concentration of the compound and initial pH of the medium, was also studied. Continuous degradation of MNP was performed in an aerobic up-flow fixed-bed biofilm reactor. The biodegradation process was evaluated by determining MNP and ammonium concentrations and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Detoxification was assessed by Vibrio fischeri and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata toxicity tests. Under batch conditions the bacterial community was able to degrade 0.72mM of MNP in 32h, with efficiencies higher than 99.9% and 89.0% of MNP and COD removals respectively and with concomitant release of ammonium. When the initial MNP concentration increased to 1.08 and 1.44mM MNP the biodegradation process was accomplished in 40 and 44h, respectively. No biodegradation of the compound was observed at higher concentrations. The community was also able to degrade 0.72mM of the compound at pH 5, 7 and 9. In the continuous process biodegradation efficiency reached 99.5% and 96.8% of MNP and COD removal respectively. The maximum MNP removal rate was 37.9gm-3day-1. Toxicity was not detected after the biodegradation process.Fil: González, Ana Julieta. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fortunato, María Susana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; ArgentinaFil: Papalia, Mariana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: Radice, Marcela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: Magdaleno, Anahí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; ArgentinaFil: Gallego, Alfredo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Korol, Sonia Edith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Biodegradation of p-Chloroaniline and Ammonium Removal in Continuous Biofilm Reactors

In this investigation, we isolated from an industrial effluent a bacterial community capable of utilizing p-chloroaniline (PCA) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Achromobacter sp., and Sphingopyxis sp. The bacterial community was employed to set up a continuous system for PCA degradation and ammonium removal. The system consists in two sequential aerobic fixed-bed reactors, for PCA biodegradation and nitrification respectively, and an anoxic reactor for denitrification. Biodegradation process was evaluated by chemical analysis of PCA, chloride and ammonium, and bacterial count. Nitrification and denitrification processes were evaluated by chemical analysis of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, and nitrifying bacteria count. Bioassays of acute toxicity using the standard organisms Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and Daphnia magna were performed in order to assess detoxification. An average efficiency of 88.5%, expressed as PCA removal, was achieved in the biodegradation process. The maximum PCA removal rate reached 11.7 g/m3 day. PCA degradation was associated with the release of chloride and ammonium. Ammonium was completely removed by the nitrification/denitrification process. Toxicity was not detected after the biodegradation process.Fil: González, Ana Julieta. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Celis Bautista, Lina X.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; ArgentinaFil: Papalia, Mariana Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Radice, Marcela Alejandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: Magdaleno, Anahí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; ArgentinaFil: Planes, Estela I.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Bulus Rossini, Gustavo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Química. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Gallego, Alfredo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; ArgentinaFil: Korol, Sonia E.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad; Argentin

CoO, Cu, and Ag Nanoparticles on Silicon Nanowires with Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Dyes

Photocatalytic semiconductors require maintaining stability and pursuing higher efficiencies. The studied systems were silicon nanowires (SiNWs), silicon nanowires with cobalt oxide nanoparticles (SiNWs-CoONPs), and silicon nanowires with copper nanoparticles (SiNWs-CuNPs). SiNWs were synthesized by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) from silicon wafers keeping the remaining silver nanoparticles for all three sample types. The nanowires were about 23–30 µm in length. CoONPs and CuNPs were deposited on SiNWs by the autocatalytic reduction processes (electroless). There were many factors in the process that affect the resulting structures and degradation efficiencies. This work shows the degradation of methyl orange (MO) together with the chemisorption of methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) by direct illumination with visible radiation. The MO degradation kinetics were in the sequence SiNWs-CuNPs (88.9%) > SiNWs (85.3%) > SiNWs-CoONPs (49.3%), with the SiNWs-CuNPs having slightly faster kinetics. However, SiNWs-CoONPs have slow degradation kinetics. The chemisorptions of MB and Rh6G were SiNWs-CuNPs (87.2%; 86.88%) > SiNWs (86%; 87%) > SiNWs-CoONPs (17.3%; 12%), showing dye desorptions together with lower chemisorption capacities. This work shows iridescence in optical microscopy images by the visible light interference caused by the spaces between the nanowire bundles

Trans cohort metabolic reprogramming towards glutaminolysis in long-term successfully treated HIV-infection

Despite successful combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), persistent low-grade immune activation together with inflammation and toxic antiretroviral drugs can lead to long-lasting metabolic flexibility and adaptation in people living with HIV (PLWH). Our study investigated alterations in the plasma metabolic profiles by comparing PLWH on long-term cART(>5 years) and matched HIV-negative controls (HC) in two cohorts from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), Cameroon, and India, respectively, to understand the system-level dysregulation in HIV-infection. Using untargeted and targeted LC-MS/MS-based metabolic profiling and applying advanced system biology methods, an altered amino acid metabolism, more specifically to glutaminolysis in PLWH than HC were reported. A significantly lower level of neurosteroids was observed in both cohorts and could potentiate neurological impairments in PLWH. Further, modulation of cellular glutaminolysis promoted increased cell death and latency reversal in pre-monocytic HIV-1 latent cell model U1, which may be essential for the clearance of the inducible reservoir in HIV-integrated cells

Multi-omics Characterization of Response to PD-1 Inhibitors in Advanced Melanoma

Immunotherapy improves the survival of patients with advanced melanoma, 40% of whom become long-term responders. However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy. Further knowledge of the processes involved in the response and resistance to immunotherapy is still needed. In this study, clinical paraffin samples from fifty-two advanced melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors were assessed via high-throughput proteomics and RNA-seq. The obtained proteomics and transcriptomics data were analyzed using multi-omics network analyses based on probabilistic graphical models to identify those biological processes involved in the response to immunotherapy. Additionally, proteins related to overall survival were studied. The activity of the node formed by the proteins involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and antigen presentation machinery was higher in responders compared to non-responders; the activity of the immune and inflammatory response node was also higher in those with complete or partial responses. A predictor for overall survival based on two proteins (AMBP and PDSM5) was defined. In summary, the response to anti-PD-1 therapy in advanced melanoma is related to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and also to genes involved in the immune and inflammatory responses. Finally, a two-protein predictor can define survival in advanced disease. The molecular characterization of the mechanisms involved in the response and resistance to immunotherapy in melanoma leads the way to establishing therapeutic alternatives for patients who will not respond to this treatment.ISSN:2072-669

Sorting Transcriptomics Immune Information from Tumor Molecular Features Allows Prediction of Response to Anti-PD1 Therapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma

Immunotherapy based on anti-PD1 antibodies has improved the outcome of advanced melanoma. However, prediction of response to immunotherapy remains an unmet need in the field. Tumor PD-L1 expression, mutational burden, gene profiles and microbiome profiles have been proposed as potential markers but are not used in clinical practice. Probabilistic graphical models and classificatory algorithms were used to classify melanoma tumor samples from a TCGA cohort. A cohort of patients with advanced melanoma treated with PD-1 inhibitors was also analyzed. We established that gene expression data can be grouped in two different layers of information: immune and molecular. In the TCGA, the molecular classification provided information on processes such as epidermis development and keratinization, melanogenesis, and extracellular space and membrane. The immune layer classification was able to distinguish between responders and non-responders to immunotherapy in an independent series of patients with advanced melanoma treated with PD-1 inhibitors. We established that the immune information is independent than molecular features of the tumors in melanoma TCGA cohort, and an immune classification of these tumors was established. This immune classification was capable to determine what patients are going to respond to immunotherapy in a new cohort of patients with advanced melanoma treated with PD-1 inhibitors Therefore, this immune signature could be useful to the clinicians to identify those patients who will respond to immunotherapy

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano