Intersecting perspectives: a critical thematic analysis of the feminist and trans debate in Colombia from a human rights lens

Abstract The debate around the inclusion of trans people within feminism and society in general has been gaining public attention over recent years, especially in the Colombian context with two established yet conflicting positions: trans and radical feminist movements. The discussion is characterized by its polarization, aggressivity, lack of understanding and challenges in establishing constructive dialogues, which has resulted in a fracture with personal and collective consequences for both the trans and women’s human rights agenda. This research critically examines the impact of the trans debate in Colombia through a human rights lens by deciphering the arguments, positions, and impacts of the debate through qualitative interviews with 14 activists belonging to the two key groups, three experts on the topic, and the critical analysis of secondary sources. A thematic analysis of the interviews combined with examining the context of feminist theory, queer theory and transgender theory, demonstrates that there are both theoretical and practical grounds for the debate, which touches upon domains ranging from academia to public and societal matters including public and private spaces, legislation, and the health system. While the core of the convoluted debate consists of contrasting views on recognizing the gender identities of transgender people and the profound ideological differences between the feminist and transactivist movements, the research also demonstrates that there are convergence points between the two movements, such as efforts for strengthening abortion rights and the fight against violence. The study concludes that fully resolving the trans debate is highly unlikely, however, it outlines strategies based on solidarity that can help the two movements to move forward in harmony in the future

Factores De Riesgo En La Automedicación De Adultos En Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro

Introducción: La automedicación es considerada como la libertad para consumir medicamentos sin prescripción médica, para el tratamiento de enfermedades o síntomas reconocidos por el paciente. Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo para la automedicación en adultos que acuden al Centro de Salud de Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo donde el universo de estudio fueron adultos de ambos sexos, de cualquier condición de salud que acuden al centro de salud de Santa Rosa Jáuregui. Como instrumento se utilizó el “Cuestionario para los factores en la automedicación” y el “Cuestionario para la automedicación”. La muestra fue de 185 encuestados. Resultados: El 51.35 % de las personas manifiestan automedicarse por decisión propia. Los principales grupos farmacológicos usados para la práctica de automedicación son por analgésicos no esteroideos (AINES) con 86.48%, el grupo de tracto alimentario y metabolismo con igualdad de porcentaje con el grupo de antiinfecciosos para uso sistémico con el 57.29% ambos. Como principales factores de la automedicación son: factores sociodemográficos, sociales, culturales y económicos. Conclusiones: La automedicación constituye un hecho cotidiano en la mayoría de los hogares. Las personas la consideran útil debido a la mejoría de sus síntomas.   Introduction: Self-medication is considered as the freedom to consume medicines without a doctor's prescription, for the treatment of diseases or symptoms recognized by the patient. Objective: To analyze the risk factors for self-medication in adults attending the Santa Rosa Jáuregui Health Center, Querétaro. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach where the study universe was adults of both sexes, with any health condition who attend the Santa Rosa Jáuregui health center. The “Questionnaire for factors in self-medication”  and the “Questionnaire for self-medication” were used as instruments. The sample was 185 respondents. Results: 51.35% of the people said that they self-medicate by choice. The main pharmacological groups used for the practice of self-medication are non-steroidal analgesics (NSAIDs) with 86.48%, the group of alimentary tract and metabolism with equal percentage with the group of anti-infectives for systemic use with 57.29% both. The main factors of self-medication are: sociodemographic, social, cultural and economic factors. Conclusions: Self-medication is a daily occurrence in most households. People consider it useful because of the improvement in their symptoms

Factores de Riesgo en la Automedicacion de Adultos en Santa Rosa Jaureui, Queretaro

Introducción: La automedicación es considerada como la libertad para consumir medicamentos sin prescripción médica, para el tratamiento de enfermedades o síntomas reconocidos por el paciente. Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo para la automedicación en adultos que acuden al Centro de Salud de Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo donde el universo de estudio fueron adultos que acuden al centro de salud de Santa Rosa Jáuregui. Como instrumento se utilizó el “Cuestionario para los factores” y el “Cuestionario para la automedicación”. La muestra fue de 185 encuestados. Resultados: El 51.35 % de las personas manifiestan automedicarse por decisión propia. Los principales grupos farmacológicos usados para la práctica de automedicación son por analgésicos no esteroideos (AINES) con 86.48%, el grupo de tracto alimentario y metabolismo con igualdad de porcentaje con el grupo de antiinfecciosos para uso sistémico con el 57.29% ambos. Conclusiones: La automedicación constituye un hecho cotidiano en la mayoría de los hogares. Las personas consideran útil debido a la mejoría de sus síntomas.   Introduction: Self-medication is considered as the freedom to consume medicines without a doctor's prescription, for the treatment of diseases or symptoms recognized by the patient. Objective: To analyze the risk factors for self-medication in adults attending the Santa Rosa Jáuregui Health Center, Querétaro. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach where the universe of the study was adults attending the health center of Santa Rosa Jáuregui. The "Questionnaire for factors" and the "Questionnaire for self-medication" were used as instruments. The sample consisted of 185 respondents. Results: 51.35% of the people said that they self-medicate by choice. The main pharmacological groups used for the practice of self-medication are non-steroidal analgesics (NSAIDs) with 86.48%, the group of alimentary tract and metabolism with equal percentage with the group of anti-infectives for systemic use with 57.29% both. Conclusions: Self-medication is a daily occurrence in most households. People find it useful because of the improvement of their symptoms

Factores de Riesgo en la Automedicacion de Adultos en Santa Rosa Jaureui, Queretaro

Introducción: La automedicación es considerada como la libertad para consumir medicamentos sin prescripción médica, para el tratamiento de enfermedades o síntomas reconocidos por el paciente. Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo para la automedicación en adultos que acuden al Centro de Salud de Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo donde el universo de estudio fueron adultos que acuden al centro de salud de Santa Rosa Jáuregui. Como instrumento se utilizó el “Cuestionario para los factores” y el “Cuestionario para la automedicación”. La muestra fue de 185 encuestados. Resultados: El 51.35 % de las personas manifiestan automedicarse por decisión propia. Los principales grupos farmacológicos usados para la práctica de automedicación son por analgésicos no esteroideos (AINES) con 86.48%, el grupo de tracto alimentario y metabolismo con igualdad de porcentaje con el grupo de antiinfecciosos para uso sistémico con el 57.29% ambos. Conclusiones: La automedicación constituye un hecho cotidiano en la mayoría de los hogares. Las personas consideran útil debido a la mejoría de sus síntomas.   Introduction: Self-medication is considered as the freedom to consume medicines without a doctor's prescription, for the treatment of diseases or symptoms recognized by the patient. Objective: To analyze the risk factors for self-medication in adults attending the Santa Rosa Jáuregui Health Center, Querétaro. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach where the universe of the study was adults attending the health center of Santa Rosa Jáuregui. The "Questionnaire for factors" and the "Questionnaire for self-medication" were used as instruments. The sample consisted of 185 respondents. Results: 51.35% of the people said that they self-medicate by choice. The main pharmacological groups used for the practice of self-medication are non-steroidal analgesics (NSAIDs) with 86.48%, the group of alimentary tract and metabolism with equal percentage with the group of anti-infectives for systemic use with 57.29% both. Conclusions: Self-medication is a daily occurrence in most households. People find it useful because of the improvement of their symptoms

Immunosuppressants and risk of Parkinson disease

We performed a population-based case-control study of United States Medicare beneficiaries age 60-90 in 2009 with prescription data (48,295 incident Parkinson disease cases and 52,324 controls) to examine the risk of Parkinson disease in relation to use of immunosuppressants. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors (relative risk = 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.51-0.79) and corticosteroids (relative risk = 0.80; 95% confidence interval 0.77-0.83) were both associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease. Inverse associations for both remained after applying a 12-month exposure lag. Overall, this study provides evidence that use of corticosteroids and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors might lower the risk of Parkinson disease

The Role of P2X7 Receptor Signaling in Regulation of Rhythmic Astrocyte Physiology in Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Cells

Mammalian circadian rhythms are controlled by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. While neural circuits influence SCN entrainment, cells within the SCN also act as individual oscillators. Research on mechanisms that regulate synchronization of ensemble SCN rhythms has mainly focused on neuronal populations. However, astrocytes are just as abundant in the SCN and display circadian rhythms in clock gene expression and extracellular accumulation of ATP. Rhythmic accumulation of ATP in the rat SCN in vivo has also been described to occur during the night. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether or not astrocytic ATP release functions as a synchronizing signal in the SCN and contributes to ensemble neural activities such as inflammatory signaling. Preliminary studies on SCN cell cultures and purinergic inhibitors disrupt ATP accumulation and clock gene expression rhythms. Further, clock-defective astrocytes are unable to accumulate ATP rhythmically. I tested the hypothesis that ATP signaling mediates rhythms in astrocytic physiology through P2X7 receptor. First, I tested whether rhythmic ATP release may synchronize individual oscillators in the SCN cells. I also tested the effectiveness of BzATP, a P2X7R agonist, in inducing release of ATP in mouse SCN cells. I tested if P2X7R, GFAP overall protein expression and astrocytic activation markers such as GFAP, are rhythmic in mouse SCN cells. I demonstrate that ATP signaling among astrocytes is a good candidate for a coordinating mechanism that synchronizes clock-controlled physiological responses in the SCN and other brain regions. Furthermore, I present data indicating that clock-controlled ATP signaling rhythms are involved in modulating neuroinflammatory signaling. Since BzATP proved to be an effective P2X7R agonist with regard to potentiating ATP release from mouse SCN cells, further experiments with other agonists and antagonists can provide evidence for the role of ATP and P2X7R signaling rhythms, their circadian regulation, and their influence on astrocytic physiology and brain health