Correlation of mitotic activity and Ki 67 with BR score and molecular classification in carcinoma breast

Background: To determine if mitotic activity played a role in classifying breast cancer in terms of its biological behaviour. We investigated the prospect of identifying a more meaningful cell proliferation marker for categorising treatment-naive breast cancer. Methods: The 150 cases diagnosed as invasive breast carcinoma in the histopathology section were systematically studied for the clinical, gross, and microscopic features. Results: the 50% patients were grade 2 (75), 41% were grade 3 (71) and 9% (14) were grade 1 in present study. The distribution of intrinsic subtypes was luminal A 25% (38), luminal B 59% (88), HER2 enriched 10% (15), basal 6% (9). Out of 150 cases, 29% (43) cases were T1, T2 were 65% (97), T3 were 2% (4), T4 were 4% (6). Mean Ki 67 was 15.6±8.8 in grade 1, 23.3±15.4 and 38.2± in grade 3. There was significant difference between I and III, and II and III (p<0.05). Mean mitotic count in grade 1 was 5.4±2.7, in grade 2 it was 9.7±13.5, in grade 3 it was 16.1±6.9. There was significant difference between grade 1 and 2, grade 2 and 3, grade 1 and 3 (p<0.05). There was significant difference between T stages (p<0.05). Conclusions: Ki 67 showed a more significant statistical correlation with prognostic factors as compared to mitotic count; we feel Ki 67 is more superior to mitotic count as a prognostic factor.

Comprehensive assessment of menstrual cup awareness and utilization among degree students

Background: Menstrual hygiene management poses significant challenges for girls in low-income environments, particularly in educational settings, where cultural norms, inadequate knowledge of recommended hygiene practices, and restricted access to affordable menstrual products hinder effective menstrual care. The vaginal menstruation cup emerges as a potential alternative to traditional sanitary pads or tampons, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution. Methods: The research approach was quantitative research, and the research design adopted was a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The study was conducted among college students at selected colleges in Suryapet. The sample size was 60. The non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. Results: Assessment of knowledge was done using a self-administered questionnaire, and practice was done using an observational checklist. Analysis showed that the pre-test mean knowledge score was 5.61±1.16 and the post-test mean knowledge score was 17.86±1.46. The pre-test mean practice score was 2.79±1.18, and the post-test mean practice score was 10.37±1.36. Analysis also reveals that (r =0.340, p = 0.009) a positive correlation was found between the knowledge and practice scores of students regarding menstrual cups. Analysis also reveals the calculated ‘t’ value for knowledge, i.e., 49.52, which shows the demonstration of knowledge regarding menstrual cups among college students was effective. The calculated ‘t’ value for practice, i.e., 30.84, shows the demonstration in practice was effective. Conclusions: The study concludes that knowledge scores were associated with age, type of family, and education. Therefore, by statistically interpreting the data, the demonstration of knowledge and practice regarding menstrual cups among college students was effective. Consequently, the alternative hypothesis is accepted

SPONTANEOUS ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN CALICUT

Objective: The study was conducted to assess the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in a tertiary care hospital in Calicut.Methods: Spontaneous ADR reporting method was followed for the study. The ADRs reported by the health-care professionals, or the patients were confirmed with the physician-in-charge. Further, the assessments of type, severity, and preventability of reported ADRs were done using Wills and Brown classification, modified Schumock and Thornton severity scale, and modified Hartwig and Siegel preventability scale.Results: A total of 30 ADRs were reported. A study found that the incidence of ADRs was more in males (1.14%) when compared to females (0.79%). Geriatric patients showed more incidences of ADRs (1.04%) when compared to pediatrics (0.69%) and adults (1.02%). More number of ADRs was associated with antibiotics (23.33%) and anticonvulsants (23.33%) than another category of drugs. Based on type or mechanism involved 80% of ADRs were pharmacologically related (Augmented) ADRs. Severity assessment showed that 50% were mild, 46.67% were moderate, and 3.33% were severe. Assessment of preventability showed that 63.33% of ADRs were not preventable, 30% were preventable, and 6.67% were probably preventable.Conclusion: The study was useful in finding the age category and drugs that were more prone to ADRs. This will render precautions and monitoring in the future. The importance of ADR monitoring unit and aid of clinical pharmacist in the monitoring and assessment were very well considered during the study

Computational, biochemical and ex vivo evaluation of xanthine derivatives against phosphodiesterases to enhance the sperm motility

Enhancing sperm motility in vitro has immensely benefited assisted conception methods. Phosphodiesterases (PDE) break the second messenger cAMP, and therefore, inhibition of their catalytic activity enhances the sperm motility through maintaining cAMP homeostasis in sperm. In view of identifying the molecules that could inhibit PDE functioning in spermatozoa, we aimed to evaluate the phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEI) - xanthine derivatives - acefylline, dyphylline and proxyphylline to repurpose them for assisted reproductive technology. These are available in the market as pharmaceutical agents to treat mainly respiratory system diseases. Based on the structure guided in silico studies, we predicted that these molecules bind to the cAMP binding catalytic pocket of PDE enzymes, and further molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that these molecules form the stable complexes. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies revealed that acefylline has better affinity towards PDE4A, PDE4D and PDE10A, when compared to dyphylline and proxyphylline. In addition, ex vivo studies corroborated in vitro binding studies that acefylline has much superior sperm motility enhancement property on human ejaculated spermatozoa and mouse testicular spermatozoa compared to dyphylline and proxyphylline. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Modern Trends in Engineering Technology and Management

This proceeding contains articles on the various ideas of the academic community presented at The 2nd International Conference on Modern Trends in Engineering Technology and Management (ICMEM 2023) organized by the Sree Narayana Institute of Technology Adoor-691554, Kerala, India on 4th-6th May 2023.  ICMEM 2023 aimed to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas, issues, challenges, discoveries, opportunities, and applications of Modern Trends in Engineering Technology and Management. The ever-changing scope and rapid development of science and technology generate new problems, questions, and curiosity, necessitating the exchange of brilliant ideas and raising awareness of this vital research field in a variety of directions.  Conference Title: 2nd International Conference on Modern Trends in Engineering Technology and ManagementConference Acronyms: ICMEM 2023Conference Date: 4th-6th May 2023Conference Location: Hybrid ModeConference Organizer: SNIT Adoor, Kerala, Indi