Relationship of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Objective: The purpose of my study was to determine the relationship of Type 2  diabetes mellitus in women with PCOS. Background: PCOS is a hormonal disorder affecting millions of women around the world. 1 in every 10 women have PCOS but many women go years before receiving the diagnosis. In fact it is estimated that 70% of PCOS cases have a root cause is insulin resistance, A major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus. More than half of women with PCOS develop type 2 diabetes. PCOS is linked with higher levels of circulating insulin, which is characteristic in type 2 diabetes. IR is the typical condition of subjects with T2D. Women with PCOS share with people with T2D the same impaired glucose pattern consisting of a prevalent disturbance of fasting blood glucose. Higher levels of IR stress the pancreatic beta cell function, resulting in earlier functional depletion of insulin secretion capacity and higher risk of developing T2D. In this Systematic review I wanted to determine the incidence of type 2 diabetes in women with PCOS. According to the studies that I reviewed women with PCOS have a markedly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes then women without PCOS and there is a higher prevalence of PCOS in those women who have Type 2 diabetes mellitus rather than non-diabetic. Method:An electric database search was performed (google scholar, PubMed and science direct)  without time limit until january 2020. All studies, fully available in English, assessing the incidence Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Women with PCOS.  Study design: Systematic review.  Results:I reviewed 22 articles and found that there were high risk of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in PCOS females then other one. Middle aged women with PCOS were having elevated risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, So therefore it propped up the needs of PCOS for routine screening of diabetes. The information or data from articles likewise gave furthur clinical bits of knowledge on the side of focusing on BMI (Body Mass Index), glucose (fasting glucose and after glucose ingestion) and in risk stratification and intervention for glucose homeostasis maintenance. Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Disease, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/90-13 Publication date:June 30th 202

Spinal Cord Hemisection Facilitates Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Cells to Produce Serotonin in the Subchronic but Not the Chronic Phase

Neuromodulators, such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and noradrenalin, play an essential role in regulating the motor and sensory functions in the spinal cord. We have previously shown that in the rat spinal cord the activity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) cells to produce 5-HT from its precursor (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HTP) is dramatically increased following complete spinal cord transection. In this study, we investigated whether a partial loss of 5-HT innervation could similarly increase AADC activity. Adult rats with spinal cord hemisected at thoracic level (T11/T12) were used with a postoperation interval at 5 days or 60 days. Using immunohistochemistry, first, we observed a significant reduction in the density of 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers in the spinal cord below the lesion on the injured side for both groups. Second, we found that the AADC cells were similarly expressed on both injured and uninjured sides in both groups. Third, increased production of 5-HT in AADC cells following 5-HTP was seen in 5-day but not in 60-day postinjury group. These results suggest that plastic changes of the 5-HT system might happen primarily in the subchronic phase and for longer period its function could be compensated by plastic changes of other intrinsic and/or supraspinal modulation systems

Strategic Flexibility and Organizational Performance: Mediating Role of Innovation

Strategic flexibility is deemed to be an important organizational capability for enhancing innovation and improving organizational performance (OP) in uncertain, turbulent, and ever-changing business environments. Many studies have investigated the impact of strategic flexibility on innovation and OP in various contexts and found that strategic flexibility enhances innovation and improves OP. Other studies have found negative association or no association between strategic flexibility and OP. Therefore, it is not much clear whether strategic flexibility improves OP directly or through innovation. Especially, the mediating role of innovation in the association between strategic flexibility and OP in engineering project-based organizations has not been fully grabbed in prior literature and Pakistan remained unexplored. This study has strived to examine the mediating role of innovation in the association between strategic flexibility and OP in this context. Drawing upon resource based and dynamic capability views, an explanatory model was developed and tested by applying PLS-SEM higher order component modeling approach using sample data from 184 organizations in Pakistan. The results revealed that strategic flexibility is positively associated with innovation and OP. Innovation is positively associated with OP. The association between strategic flexibility and OP is partially mediated by innovation. The study promotes academic rigor and provides a new theoretical model. Mangers, decision-makers, and policy-makers can utilize the results to update their plans to achieve sustainable OP. The other organizations in various countries operating under similar conditions can also take the advantage of this study

Green supply chain management practices and sustainable organizational performance in construction organizations

The study aimed to analyze the association between green supply chain management practices (GSCM) practices and sustainable organizational performance (OP) in construction organizations of Pakistan. A quantitative survey-based design was adopted to test the proposed hypotheses. Data were collected from 118 respondents. The PLS-SEM-based approach was applied for data analysis. The results revealed that eco-design is positively associated with economic, social, and environmental performance. Green purchasing is positively associated with social and environmental performance. Green production and green logistics are positively associated with environmental performance. Cooperation with customers is positively associated with social performance. The study corroborates the use of GSCM practices for improving sustainable OP. The results are vital for theory and practice. The aim of industrial development in a developing country is to improve the economy by enhancing organizational image and goodwill while minimizing adverse impact on the environmental. Green supply chain management (GSCM) practices are environmental-friendly practices which help organizations to reduce energy and logistics cost, customer satisfaction and loyalty, reputation and goodwill, and social responsibility and resultantly improve sustainable organizational performance (OP). The findings of this study revealed that GSCM practices are positively associated with sustainable OP in the construction organizations of Pakistan. The ‘eco-design’ is positively associated with economic, social, and environmental performance. The ‘green purchasing’ is positively associated with social and environmental performance. The ‘green production’ and ‘green logistics’ are positively associated with environmental performance. The ‘cooperation with customers’ is positively associated with social performance. The findings are useful for theory and practice.</p

Improved Positron Emission Tomography Quantification: Evaluation of a Maximum-Likelihood Scatter Scaling Algorithm

Incorrect scatter scaling of positron emission tomography (PET) images can lead to halo artifacts, quantitative bias, or reconstruction failure. Tail-fitted scatter scaling (TFSS) possesses performance limitations in multiple cases. This study aims to investigate a novel method for scatter scaling: maximum-likelihood scatter scaling (MLSS) in scenarios where TFSS tends to induce artifacts or are observed to cause reconstruction abortion. [68Ga]Ga-RGD PET scans of nine patients were included in cohort 1 in the scope of investigating the reduction of halo artifacts relative to the scatter estimation method. PET scans of 30 patients administrated with [68Ga]Ga-uPAR were included in cohort 2, used for an evaluation of the robustness of MLSS in cases where TFSS-integrated reconstructions are observed to fail. A visual inspection of MLSS-corrected images scored higher than TFSS-corrected reconstructions of cohort 1. The quantitative investigation near the bladder showed a relative difference in tracer uptake of up to 94.7%. A reconstruction of scans included in cohort 2 resulted in failure in 23 cases when TFSS was used. The lesion uptake values of cohort 2 showed no significant difference. MLSS is suggested as an alternative scatter-scaling method relative to TFSS with the aim of reducing halo artifacts and a robust reconstruction process

First Measurement of the Total Inelastic Cross-Section of Positively-Charged Kaons on Argon at Energies Between 5.0 and 7.5 GeV

International audienceProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) is a 770-ton liquid argon time projection chamber that operated in a hadron test beam at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2018. We present a measurement of the total inelastic cross section of charged kaons on argon as a function of kaon energy using 6 and 7 GeV/$c$ beam momentum settings. The flux-weighted average of the extracted inelastic cross section at each beam momentum setting was measured to be 380$\pm$26 mbarns for the 6 GeV/$c$ setting and 379$\pm$35 mbarns for the 7 GeV/$c$ setting