27 research outputs found
Uso de derivados de colofonia como aditivos sostenibles en biopolímeros de almidón termoplástico (TPS)
[ES] La Tesis Doctoral investigó el uso de la resina de pino (colofonia o gum rosin, GR) y sus derivados modificados químicamente, como aditivos sostenibles de biopolímeros basados en almidón termoplástico. El trabajo se dividió en seis secciones de investigación. Dos trabajos previos y cuatro trabajos medulares, cada uno de los cuales constituyeron los objetivos específicos de la investigación. Los trabajos previos permitieron determinar que la resina de pino y derivados pueden ser utilizados tanto en matrices poliméricas sintéticas (policloruro de vinilo, PVC), como en matrices poliméricas biodegradables (una mezcla de poliácido láctico y poli(butilén adipato co-tereftalato - PLA/PBAT). En el caso del PVC, se estudió el efecto de un derivado de colofonia, el trietilén glicol de colofonia (TEGR), como aditivo natural para incrementar la viscosidad en plastisoles basados en PVC. En el caso de estudio con una matriz biodegradable, se usó colofonia sin modificar (GR), como agente de control de tamaño de dominios de PBAT para aumentar la tenacidad de formulaciones basadas en una mezcla de PLA/PBAT.
Luego, se estudió el uso de la resina de pino y derivados como aditivos de biopolímeros basados en almidón termoplástico (TPS) y el efecto de las resinas en las diferentes formulaciones de estos materiales. En primera instancia se estudiaron y establecieron las condiciones de procesamiento para obtener un almidón totalmente plastificado (almidón termoplástico - TPS) utilizando mezclas de almidón de maíz plastificado con glicerol y agua; procesadas a diferentes perfiles de temperatura de extrusión. En una siguiente instancia, se estudiaron mezclas de TPS con cinco derivados de resina de colofonia: colofonia sin modificar (GR), colofonia deshidrogenada (RD), colofonia modificada con anhidrido maleico (CM) y dos ésteres de colofonia, un pentaeritritol éster (LF) y un éster de glicerol grado alimenticio (UG).
A continuación, se estudió el comportamiento de un material de interés comercial al ser aditivado con derivados de la resina de pino. Para ello, se usó colofonia sin modificar (GR) y dos ésteres de pentaeritritol de colofonia (LF, y UT). La matriz de estudio fue un biopolímero del tipo Mater-Bi (Mater-Bi® NF 866 (Mater-Bi), una mezcla comercial basada en almidón termoplástico (TPS), un poliéster alifático-aromático (polibutilén adipato co-tereftalato) (PBAT) y poly-(ε)-caprolactona (PCL)). Finalmente, se estudiaron los materiales formulados con el material de interés comercial (Mater-Bi) y las resinas y derivados seleccionados (GR, LF y UT) desde un punto de vista microscópico, para determinar a profundidad las interacciones de los componentes del Mater-Bi con cada una de las resinas.
Los resultados obtenidos se muestran favorables y prometedores pues demuestran que las resinas de pino y sus derivados son una alternativa viable para ser usados como aditivos naturales en una diversidad de materiales, tanto sintéticos como biobasados y biodegradables. Además, las resinas de pino y colofonia son materiales sostenibles que proviene de fuentes 100% naturales y renovables, por lo que su uso supone una disminución del impacto en el medio ambiente.[CA] La Tesi Doctoral va investigar l'ús de la resina de pi (colofònia o gum rosin, GR) i els seus derivats modificats químicament, com a additius sostenibles de biopolímers basats en midó termoplàstic. El treball es va dividir en sis seccions d'investigació. Dos treballs previs i quatre treballs medul·lars, cadascun dels quals van constituir els objectius específics de la investigació. Els treballs previs van permetre determinar que la resina de pi i derivats poden ser utilitzats tant en matrius polimèriques sintètiques (policlorur de vinil, PVC), com en matrius polimèriques biodegradables (una mescla de poliácido làctic i poli(butilén adipat co-tereftalato - PLA/PBAT). En el cas del PVC, es va estudiar l'efecte d'un derivat de colofònia, el trietilén glicol de colofònia (TEGR), com a additiu natural per a incrementar la viscositat en plastisoles basats en PVC. En el cas d'estudi amb una matriu biodegradable, es va usar colofònia sense modificar (GR), com a agent de control de grandària de dominis de PBAT per a augmentar la tenacitat de formulacions basades en una mescla de PLA/PBAT.
Després, es va estudiar l'ús de la resina de pi i derivats com a additius de biopolímers basats en midó termoplàstic (TPS) i l'efecte de les resines en les diferents formulacions d'aquests materials. En primera instància es van estudiar i van establir les condicions de processament per a obtindre un midó totalment plastificat (midó termoplàstic - TPS) utilitzant mescles de midó de dacsa plastificada amb glicerol i aigua; processades a diferents perfils de temperatura d'extrusió. En una següent instància, es van estudiar mescles de TPS amb cinc derivats de resina de colofònia: colofònia sense modificar (GR), colofònia deshidrogenada (RD), colofònia modificada amb anhidrido maleic (CM) i dos èsters de colofònia, un pentaeritritol èster (LF) i un èster de glicerol grau alimentós (UG).
A continuació, es va estudiar el comportament d'un materials d'interés comercial en ser aditivado amb derivats de la resina de pi. Per a això, es va usar colofònia sense modificar (GR) i dos èsters de pentaeritritol de colofònia (LF, i UT). La matriu d'estudi va ser un biopolímer del tipus Mater-Bi (Mater-Bi® NF 866 (Mater-Bi), una mescla comercial basada en midó termoplàstic (TPS), un polièster alifàtic-aromàtic (polibutilén adipat co-tereftalato) (PBAT) i poly-(ε)-caprolactona (PCL)). Finalment, es van estudiar els materials formulats d'interés comercial (Mater-Bi) i les resines i derivats seleccionats (GR, LF i UT) des d'un punt de vista microscòpic, per a determinar a profunditat les interaccions dels components del Mater-Bi amb cadascuna de les resines.
Els resultats obtinguts es mostren favorables i prometedors perquè demostren que les resines de pi i els seus derivats són una alternativa viable per a ser usats com a additius naturals en una diversitat de materials, tant sintètics com biobasados i biodegradables. A més, les resines de pi i colofònia són materials sostenibles que prové de fonts 100% naturals i renovables, per la qual cosa el seu ús suposa una disminució de l'impacte en el medi ambient.[EN] The Doctoral Thesis investigated the use of pine resin (colophony or gum rosin, GR) and its chemically modified derivatives, as sustainable additives for biopolymers based on thermoplastic starch (TPS). The work was divided into six research sections. Two previous studies and four core studies, each of which constituted the specific objectives of the research. Previous studies made it possible to determine that gum rosin and derivatives can be used both in synthetic polymeric matrices (polyvinyl chloride, PVC) and in biodegradable polymeric matrices (a blend of polyacid lactic acid and poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate - PLA/PBAT). In the case of PVC, the effect of a rosin derivative, triethylene glycol ester of gum rosin (TEGR), was studied as a natural additive to increase the viscosity in PVC-based plastisols. In the case of a study with a biodegradable matrix, unmodified rosin (GR) was used as a PBAT domain size control agent to increase the toughness of formulations based on a PLA/PBAT blend.
Then, the use of gum rosin and derivatives as additives of biopolymers based on thermoplastic starch (TPS) and the effect of the resins in the different formulations of these materials were studied. In the first instance, the processing conditions were studied to obtain a fully plasticized starch (thermoplastic starch - TPS) using mixtures of plasticized corn starch with glycerol and water; processed at different extrusion temperature profiles. In the next instance, blends of TPS with five rosin derivatives were studied: unmodified rosin (GR), dehydrogenated rosin (RD), maleic anhydride-modified rosin (CM) and two rosin esters, a pentaerythritol ester (LF), and a food-grade glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG).
Next, the behavior of a commercial interest material when added with derivatives of gum rosin was studied. Unmodified gum rosin (GR) and two pentaerythritol esters of gum rosin (LF and UT) were used. The studied matrix was a Mater-Bi type biopolymer (Mater-Bi® NF 866 (Mater-Bi), a commercial blend based on thermoplastic starch (TPS), an aliphatic-aromatic polyester (polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PBAT ) and poly-(ε)-caprolactone (PCL)). Finally, the formulated materials were studied from a microscopic point of view, to determine in-depth the interactions of the components of Mater-Bi with each of the gum rosin and derivatives resins.
The results obtained are favorable and promising as they show that gum rosin and its derivatives are a viable alternative to be used as natural additives in a variety of materials, both synthetic and biobased and biodegradable. In addition, gum rosin and derivatives resins are sustainable materials that come from 100% natural and renewable sources, so their use reduces their impact on the environment.Agradezco a la Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT) por el apoyo económico en parte de mis estudios doctorales.Aldas Carrasco, MF. (2021). Uso de derivados de colofonia como aditivos sostenibles en biopolímeros de almidón termoplástico (TPS) [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171770TESI
A Deeper Microscopic Study of the Interaction between Gum Rosin Derivatives and a Mater-Bi Type Bioplastic
[EN] The interaction between gum rosin and gum rosin derivatives with Mater-Bi type bioplastic, a biodegradable and compostable commercial bioplastic, were studied. Gum rosin and two pentaerythritol esters of gum rosin (Lurefor 125 resin and Unik Tack P100 resin) were assessed as sustainable compatibilizers for the components of Mater-Bi® NF 866 polymeric matrix. To study the influence of each additive in the polymeric matrix, each gum rosin-based additive was compounded in 15 wt % by melt-extrusion and further injection molding process. Then, the mechanical properties were assessed, and the tensile properties and impact resistance were determined. Microscopic analyses were carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and atomic force microscopy with nanomechanical assessment (AFM-QNM). The oxygen barrier and wettability properties were also assayed. The study revealed that the commercial thermoplastic starch is mainly composed of three phases: A polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) phase, an amorphous phase of thermoplastic starch (TPSa), and a semi-crystalline phase of thermoplastic starch (TPSc). The poor miscibility among the components of the Mater-Bi type bioplastic was confirmed. Finally, the formulations with the gum rosin and its derivatives showed an improvement of the miscibility and the solubility of the components depending on the additive usedThis research was funded by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), project: PROMADEPCOL (MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R) and M.P.A. s contract: Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación (FJCI-2017-33536).Aldas-Carrasco, MF.; Rayón, E.; López-Martínez, J.; Arrieta, MP. (2020). A Deeper Microscopic Study of the Interaction between Gum Rosin Derivatives and a Mater-Bi Type Bioplastic. Polymers. 12(1):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010226S117121Keshavarz, T., & Roy, I. 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Study of the Properties of a Biodegradable Polymer Filled with DierentWood Flour Particles
[EN] Lignocellulosic wood flour particles with three different sizes were used to reinforce
Solanyl® type bioplastic in three compositions (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) and further processed by
melt-extrusion and injection molding to simulate industrial conditions. The wood flour particles were
morphologically and granulometric analyzed to evaluate their use as reinforcing filler. The Fuller
method on wood flour particles was successfully applied and the obtained results were subsequently
corroborated by the mechanical characterization. The rheological studies allowed observing how the
viscosity was affected by the addition of wood flour and to recover information about the processing
conditions of the biocomposites. Results suggest that all particles can be employed in extrusion
processes (shear rate less than 1000 s¿1
). However, under injection molding conditions, biocomposites
with high percentages of wood flour or excessively large particles may cause an increase in defective
injected-parts due to obstruction of the gate in the mold. From a processing point of view and based on
the biocomposites performance, the best combination resulted in Solanyl® type biopolymer reinforced
with wood flour particles loaded up to 20 wt.% of small and medium particles size. The obtained
biocomposites are of interest for injected molding parts for several industrial applications.Parres, F.; Peydro, MA.; Juárez Varón, D.; Arrieta, MP.; Aldas, M. (2020). Study of the Properties of a Biodegradable Polymer Filled with DierentWood Flour Particles. Polymers. 12(12):1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122974124121
New Materials for 3D-Printing Based on Polycaprolactone with Gum Rosin and Beeswax as Additives
[EN] In this work, different materials for three-dimensional (3D)-printing were studied, which based on polycaprolactone with two natural additives, gum rosin, and beeswax. During the 3D-printing process, the bed and extrusion temperatures of each formulation were established. After, the obtained materials were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and structural properties. The results showed that the formulation with containing polycaprolactone with a mixture of gum rosin and beeswax as additive behaved better during the 3D-printing process. Moreover, the miscibility and compatibility between the additives and the matrix were concluded through the thermal assessment. The mechanical characterization established that the addition of the mixture of gum rosin and beeswax provides greater tensile strength than those additives separately, facilitating 3D-printing. In contrast, the addition of beeswax increased the ductility of the material, which makes the 3D-printing processing difficult. Despite the fact that both natural additives had a plasticizing effect, the formulations containing gum rosin showed greater elongation at break. Finally, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy assessment deduced that polycaprolactone interacts with the functional groups of the additives.This research was supported by the Spanish State Agency of Research trough the project MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R and Universidad Politecnica de Valencia-GVA through the project "Development".Pavón-Vargas, CP.; Aldas-Carrasco, MF.; López-Martínez, J.; Ferrándiz Bou, S. (2020). New Materials for 3D-Printing Based on Polycaprolactone with Gum Rosin and Beeswax as Additives. Polymers. 12(2):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12020334S120122Zhu, Y., Romain, C., & Williams, C. K. (2016). Sustainable polymers from renewable resources. 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Pine Resin Derivatives as Sustainable Additives to Improve the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Injected Moulded Thermoplastic Starch
[EN] Fully bio-based materials based on thermoplastic starch (TPS) were developed starting from corn starch plasticized with glycerol. The obtained TPS was further blended with five pine resin derivatives: gum rosin (GR), disproportionated gum rosin (dehydroabietic acid, RD), maleic anhydride modified gum rosin (CM), pentaerythritol ester of gum rosin (LF), and glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG). The TPS¿resin blend formulations were processed by melt extrusion and further by injection moulding to simulate the industrial conditions. The obtained materials were characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal and structural properties. The results showed that all gum rosin-based additives were able to improve the thermal stability of TPS, increasing the degradation onset temperature. The carbonyl groups of gum rosin derivatives were able to interact with the hydroxyl groups of starch and glycerol by means of hydrogen bond interactions producing a significant increase of the glass transition temperature with a consequent stiffening effect, which in turn improve the overall mechanical performance of the TPS-resin injected moulded blends. The developed TPS¿resin blends are of interest for rigid packaging applications.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), project: PROMADEPCOL (MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R) as well as by Santander-UCM (PR87/19-22628) project. M.A. thanks Secretaria Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT-Ecuador) and Escuela Politécnica Nacional. 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Effect of pine resin derivatives on the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of Mater-Bi type bioplastic
"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Aldas, M., J. M. Ferri, J. Lopez-Martinez, M. D. Samper, and M. P. Arrieta. 2019. Effect of Pine Resin Derivatives on the Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Mater-Bi Type Bioplastic. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 137 (4). Wiley: 48236. doi:10.1002/app.48236, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48236. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] The effect of three additives derived from pine resin, namely, gum rosin (GR) and two pentaerythritol ester of GR, Lurefor (LF) and Unik Tack (UT), in 5, 10, and 15 wt %, on the properties of Mater-Bi, based on plasticized starch, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), obtained by injection molding processes, was studied. The mechanical, microstructural, and thermal properties were evaluated. LF had a cohesive behavior with the components of Mater-Bi, increasing the toughness of the material up to 250% accompanied by an increase of tensile modulus and tensile strength. UT had an intermediate behavior, conferring cohesive and plasticizing effects, allowing an increase of 105% in impact resistance. GR had a more marked plasticizing effect. This allows processing temperatures of about 50 degrees C lower than those used for neat Mater-Bi. In addition, an increase of the elongation at break, toughness, and impact resistance in 370, 480, and 250%, respectively, was achieved.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, PROMADEPCOL (MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R). M. P. Arrieta thanks Complutense University of Madrid for "Ayudas para la contratacion de personal postdoctoral en formacion en docencia e investigacion en departamentos de la UCM."Aldas-Carrasco, MF.; Ferri, JM.; López-Martínez, J.; Samper, M.; Arrieta, MP. (2020). 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Valoración de la efectividad de la educación alimentaria en niños preescolares, padres y educadores
Introduction: Childhood is the period in which risk factors that can start food diseases in adults are developed. Therefore this is the appropriate moment to set up the values of a healthy diet. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in children and also the knowledge about healthy habits in children, parents and teachers before and after food education intervention as well as evaluating its effectiveness.Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 94 students aged between 3 and 6 years old, 12 parents and 8 teachers. The level of healthy habits knowledge was determined with ad hoc questionnaires for all of them whereas the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was determined with the Quality Test of the Mediterranean Diet on Childhood and Adolescence in children.Results: It has been reached a significant increase in global healthy habits knowledge (t=-6.29; p<0.001), in how often they have to eat (t=-2.35; p<0.05), as well as in fruit (t=-3.92; p<0.01), vegetables (t=-2.35; p<0.05) and fish (t=-7.42; p<0.001) frequency intake in parents and also in physical activities knowledge (t=-2.58; p<0.05) in children. Moreover, children’s parents with more adhesion to the Mediterranean Diet improved their healthy habits knowledge significantly (ρ=0.75; p<0.01).Conclusions: Education interventions for children, parents and educators are necessary in order to increase healthy food knowledge. With food education interventions is possible to get a significant improvement in the parents’ knowledge, the main responsible for their children feeding.Introducción: La etapa infantil es el momento en el que se desarrollan los factores de riesgo que pueden desencadenar en edades adultas enfermedades relacionadas con la alimentación. Éste es el momento adecuado para instaurar las bases de una alimentación saludable. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea de niños, los conocimientos sobre hábitos saludables de niños, padres y profesores antes y después de una intervención de educación alimentaria, así como evaluar su eficacia.Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que participaron 94 estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre 3 y 6 años, 12 padres y 8 profesores. Se calculó el grado de conocimientos sobre hábitos saludables mediante cuestionarios ad hoc de todos ellos y la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea de los niños mediante el Test de Calidad de la Dieta Mediterránea en la infancia y la adolescencia.Resultados: Se consiguió un aumento significativo en los conocimientos globales sobre hábitos saludables (t=-6,29; p<0,001), así como los referentes al número de comidas (t=-2,35; p<0,05) y frecuencia de consumo de fruta (t=-3,92; p<0,01), verdura (t=-2,35; p<0,05) y pescado (t=-7,42; p<0,001) de los padres y en los conocimientos sobre actividad física (t=-2,58; p<0,05) de los niños. Los padres de los niños con mayor adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea mejoraron sus conocimientos sobre hábitos saludables de manera significativa (ρ=0,75; p<0,01).Conclusiones: Son necesarias intervenciones educativas dirigidas a niños, padres y educadores para aumentar los conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable. Con intervenciones de educación alimentaria se consigue una mejora en los conocimientos de los padres, principales responsables de la alimentación de los menores
Inclusion of the SDGs and application of the Student Team-Achievement Division methodology in the preparation of thermoplastic starch in the laboratory of the subject "Eco-efficient Materials”
[EN] In the present work, the inclusion of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) was carried
out in the laboratory practices of “Eco-efficient materials”. At the same time, the teaching
methodology of the Student Team-Achievement Division (STAD) was implemented for the
development of a laboratory practice. On the one hand, it was determined that the SDGs
related to the subject are SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG 11 (sustainable cities
and communities) and SDG 12 (responsible production and consumption). Through an
evaluation it was observed that the students have a good understanding of the ODS and a
high capacity to relate the activities of the subject with the contribution to the fulfillment of
each objective, however, a continuing education that provides knowledge and skills is not
considered important. to support sustainable development. On the other hand, the
implementation of the STAD methodology showed a high level of acceptance by the students
and proved to be efficient in increasing motivation and individual improvement. However, it
is considered important to continue applying the technique to determine the long-term effect
and obtain more accurate conclusions.[ES] En el presente trabajo se realizó la inclusión de los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en las prácticas del laboratorio de la asignatura de “Materiales Ecoeficientes” y al mismo tiempo se implementó le metodología se enseñanza de trabajo en equipo-logro individual (TELI) para el desarrollo de una práctica de laboratorio. Por un lado, se determinó que las ODS relacionadas con la asignatura son el ODS 6 (agua limpia y saneamiento), ODS 11 (ciudades y comunidades sostenibles) y el ODS 12 (producción y consumo responsable) y mediante una evaluación se observó que los estudiantes tienen un buen entendimiento de las ODS y una alta capacidad de relación entre las actividades de la asignatura con el aporte al cumplimiento de cada objetivo, no obstante se considera importante una educación continua que proporcione conocimientos y habilidades para apoyar al desarrollo sostenible. Por el otro lado, la implementación de la metodología TELI mostró un alto nivel de aceptación por parte de los estudiantes y demostró ser eficiente para aumentar la motivación y superación individual. Sin embargo, se considera importante continuar con la aplicación de la técnica para determinar el efecto a la largo plazo y obtener conclusiones más certeras.Esta investigación fue financiada por el Proyecto PID2020-116496RB-C22 del ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Marina Patricia Arrieta agradece a PIE22.0506 de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Cristina Pavon agradece a la subvención Santiago Grisolía (GRISOLIAP/2019/113) de la Generalitat Valenciana.Pavón Vargas, CP.; Aldas, M.; Arrieta, M.; Lopéz-Martínez, J. (2022). Inclusión de las ODS y aplicación de la metodología de Trabajo en Equipo-Logro individual en la preparación de almidón termoplástico en el laboratorio de la asignatura “Materiales Ecoeficientes”. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 682-696. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2022.2022.1591168269
On the Use of PLA-PHB Blends for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications
[EN] Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most used biopolymer for food packaging applications. Several strategies have been made to improve PLA properties for extending its applications in the packaging field. Melt blending approaches are gaining considerable interest since they are easy, cost-effective and readily available processing technologies at the industrial level. With a similar melting temperature and high crystallinity, poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) represents a good candidate to blend with PLA. The ability of PHB to act as a nucleating agent for PLA improves its mechanical resistance and barrier performance. With the dual objective to improve PLAPHB processing performance and to obtain stretchable materials, plasticizers are frequently added. Current trends to enhance PLA-PHB miscibility are focused on the development of composite and nanocomposites. PLA-PHB blends are also interesting for the controlled release of active compounds in the development of active packaging systems. This review explains the most relevant processing aspects of PLA-PHB based blends such as the influence of polymers molecular weight, the PLA-PHB composition as well as the thermal stability. It also summarizes the recent developments in PLA-PHB formulations with an emphasis on their performance with interest in the sustainable food packaging field. PLA-PHB blends shows highly promising perspectives for the replacement of traditional petrochemical based polymers currently used for food packaging.This research was performed within the framework of the project MAT2014-59242-C2-1-R supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO). Marina Patricia Arrieta is a recipient of Juan de la Cierva Post-Doctoral Contract (FJCI-2014-20630) from the MINECO.Arrieta, MP.; Samper, M.; Aldas-Carrasco, MF.; López-Martínez, J. (2017). On the Use of PLA-PHB Blends for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications. 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Implementación del método de aprendizaje activo y colaborativo en las prácticas de laboratorio de Materiales Ecoeficientes en modalidad virtual
[EN] During the 2020/21 academic year, the active and collaborative learning methodology was implemented in the development of a laboratory practice of the Eco-efficient Materials course of the second year of the University Master's Degree in Engineering, Processing and Characterization of Materials, in virtual modality. The use of this methodology aims to promote student participation and increase their level of responsibility in the laboratory practice, making use of the advantages of a virtual modality. Before carrying out the practice, students were given a script and then an explanatory session and resolution of doubts was held. The practices were carried out in a virtual and synchronous way. The students were responsible for setting the parameters and the teacher was in charge of reproducing them in the laboratory. The objective of this work was to observe the behavior of the students in decision-making, to appreciate if they acquired the necessary knowledge for the development of the practice and to solve the problems that may arise during it. Subsequently, the learning methodology between a virtual and a face-to-face modality was compared, and an active and collaborative learning methodology was developed that can be applied in either of the two scenarios.[ES] Durante el curso 2020/21 se implementó la metodología de aprendizaje activo y colaborativo en el desarrollo de una práctica de laboratorio de la asignatura Materiales ecoeficientes del segundo curso del Máster Universitario en Ingeniería, Procesado y Caracterización de Materiales, en modalidad virtual. El uso de la metodología buscaba promover la participación de los estudiantes
y aumentar su nivel de responsabilidad en la práctica, haciendo uso de las ventajas de una modalidad virtual. Antes de la realización de la práctica, se entregó a los alumnos un guión y después se realizó una sesión explicativa y de resolución de dudas. Las prácticas se realizaron de forma virtual y sincrónica. Los estudiantes eran los responsables de fijar los parámetros y el profesor el encargado de reproducirlas en el laboratorio. El objetivo de este trabajo fue observar el comportamiento de los alumnos en la toma de decisiones, apreciar si adquirían el conocimiento necesario para el desarrollo de la práctica y la resolución de los problemas que pueden surgir durante la misma. Posteriormente se comparó la metodología de aprendizaje entre una modalidad virtual y una presencial, y se desarrolló una metodología de aprendizaje activo y colaborativo que pueda aplicarse en cualquiera de los dos escenarios.Pavón Vargas, CP.; Aldas, M.; Samper Madrigal, MD.; López Martínez, J. (2021). Implementación del método de aprendizaje activo y colaborativo en las prácticas de laboratorio de Materiales Ecoeficientes en modalidad virtual. En IN-RED 2021: VII Congreso de Innovación Edicativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 575-584. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2021.2021.13794OCS57558