Estudio de las interacciones sociales y la dinámica temporal de locomoción dentro de grupos sociales de codornices (Coturnix japonica) clasificadas según su nivel de temor y agresividad.

Tesina (Grado en Ciencias Biológicas)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Lugar de Trabajo: Cátedra de Química Biológica - Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, ICTA. e Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, IIByT-U.N.C. 2017. 38 h.; grafs.; tabls. Contiene Referencias Bibliográficas.Las prácticas modernas de cría de aves de corral las obligan a desarrollarse dentro de grupos sociales que difiere significativamente de los naturales, lo que puede crear un desajuste entre las características individuales y su entorno social, afectando su bienestar. En particular, las características de los integrantes de un grupo social (nivel de temor y agresividad) podría determinar la frecuencia de las interacciones agresivas y comportamientos reproductivos entre ellos, resultando en un efecto modulador del patrón de locomoción de cada ave del grupo. Para evaluar esta hipótesis utilizamos un conjunto de 4 pruebas [J1] para clasificar a codornices japonesas según su nivel de temor y agresividad, con la finalidad de crear dos tipos de grupos sociales (un macho y dos hembras) con características divergentes. Se les evaluó el comportamiento el primer y tercer día de conformarse el grupo. Principalmente, observamos que hembras del grupo más temerosos con machos más agresivos mostraron un patrón de locomoción menos complejo y recibieron 14 veces más picotazos el tercer día que el grupo de tipo divergente, lo que indica que la diferencia en la complejidad del patrón de locomoción entre grupos observado en las hembras, podría deberse a la perturbación diferencial inducido por los machos hacia las hembras

Estudio de soluciones para la regeneración de la playa de Santa Pola (Alicante).

[ES] En este trabajo se va a analizar y estudiar una parte de la costa de Santa Pola, realizando un estudio previo del entorno, evolución histórica, características presentes y se propondrán actuaciones con el fin de encontrar la solución más viable para mejorar las condiciones en las que se encuentra la costa. El principal inconveniente que sufre es la falta de arena en algunas de las zonas de estudio, ya que existe un tramo de línea de costa donde existen numerosos espigones transversales. Se abordan los problemas encontrados a través de diferentes posibles actuaciones, y se selecciona una a través de varios parámetros como la funcionalidad, el impacto ambiental, económico y estético. Una vez valorados todos los parámetros se escogerá la que proporcione un resultado más favorable. Documento 1: memoria 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. LOCALIZACIÓN 3. ACTUACIONES PREVIAS 4. SITUACIÓN ACTUAL 5. CLIMA MARITIMO Y DINÁMICA LITORAL 6. ESTUDIO DE SOLUCIONES 7. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS OBRAS 8. ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL 9. PRESUPUESTO 10. BIBLIOGRAFÍA Documento 2: anejos ANEJO 1: SITUACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA ANEJO 2: USOS DEL SUELO ANEJO 3: ESTUDIO GEOLÓGICO Y GEOTÉCNICO ANEJO 4: BATIMETRÍA ANEJO 5: CLIMA MARÍTIMO ANEJO 6: DINÁMICA LITORAL ANEJO 7: ESTUDIO DE SOLUCIONES ANEJO 8: PROCEDENCIA DE MATERIALES ANEJO 9: JUSTIFICACIÓN DE CÁLCULOS ANEJO 10: PROCESO CONSTRUCTIVO ANEJO 11: BALIZAMIENTO ANEJO 12: ESTUDIO DE IMACTO AMBIENTAL ANEJO 13: FOTOGRAFÍAS Documento 3: planos PLANO 1: LOCALIZACIÓN PLANO 2: ESTADO ACTUAL PLANO 3: BATIMETRÍA PLANO 4: SITUACIÓN FINAL PLANO 5: PERFILES PLAYA PLANO 6: BALIZAMIENTO PLANO 7: SECCIÓN DIQUES EXENTOS PLANO 8: SECCIÓN CAMINO AUXILIAR Documento 4: estudio de seguridad y salud Documento 5: presupuestoGalvan Alcala, R. (2020). Estudio de soluciones para la regeneración de la playa de Santa Pola (Alicante). Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/158777TFG

High-resolution behavioral time series of Japanese quail within their social environment

The behavioral dynamics within a social group not only could depend on individual traits and social-experience of each member, but more importantly, emerges from inter-individual interactions over time. Herein, we first present a dataset, as well as the corresponding original video recordings, of the results of 4 behavioral tests associated with fear and aggressive response performed on 106 Japanese quail. In a second stage, birds were housed with conspecifics that performed similarly in the behavioral tests in groups of 2 females and 1 male. By continuously monitoring each bird in these small social groups, we obtained time series of social and reproductive behavior, and high-resolution locomotor time series. This approach provides the opportunity to perform precise quantification of the temporal dynamics of behavior at an individual level within different social scenarios including when an individual showing continued aggressive behaviors is present. These unique datasets and videos are publicly available in Figshare and can be used in further analysis, or for comparison with existing or future data sets or mathematical models across different taxa.Fil: Caliva, Jorge Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Alcala, Rocio Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología de los Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Guzmán, Diego Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marin, Raul Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentin

Propuesta de mejora de la actividad de fiscalización y procedimiento administrativo sancionador en el sector salud: caso DIGESA

En el Perú, el Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), a través de la Dirección General de Salud Ambiental e Inocuidad Alimentaria (DIGESA), ejerce sus competencias y funciones en materia de inocuidad alimentaria a través del otorgamiento de registros sanitarios, vigilancia y control de riesgos, fiscalización y sanción; actividades que se encuentran orientadas a asegurar la provisión de alimentos seguros a los consumidores, sin restringir el libre mercado. La actividad de fiscalización vela por el cumplimiento de los deberes dispuestos a los administrados, mientras que, la potestad sancionadora constituye la capacidad de la administración de aplicar sanción frente al incumplimiento del orden administrativo establecido. Pese a su importancia, en la salud pública y la actividad económica, hemos identificado como problema la demora en las acciones de fiscalización y en el procedimiento administrativo sancionador (PAS). Por lo señalado, la finalidad de la presente investigación es evaluar e identificar los recursos y/o acciones de la actividad de fiscalización y en el PAS que provocan su demora, para plantear propuestas de mejora, utilizando un diseño de tipo explicativo no experimental, con enfoque mixto, implicando la recolección de datos desde fuentes de consulta pública de la DIGESA; así como, entrevistas a especialistas y expertos. Las conclusiones de nuestro trabajo demuestran que la deficiente elaboración de términos de referencia (TDR) para la contratación de personal, la ausencia de una metodología de planificación de la actividad de fiscalización, la deficiencia y/o ausencia de compilación y almacenamiento de datos para el control de plazos y la imposición de sanciones, entre otras causas, generan el problema señalado; por lo que hemos realizado propuestas para su mejor gestión

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Entrevista a María Luisa Elio

International audienc

« Entrevista a María Luisa Elio », pp. 161-167, dans Bénédicte Brémard, Bernard Sicot (dir.),

International audienc

Four behavioral tests associated with fear and aggressiveness in Japanese quail

Japanese quail were evaluated in 4 tests, performed aproximately 30 days appart from each other. Partial mechanical restraint test , Social Interaction, Tonic Inmovility and Welfare assesment. Partial mechanical restraint test was performed at 40 days of age. This test consists in restricting the movement of the animal between two walls of a melamine box of 20 x 10 cm (height per width, respectively) with the characteristic that the front wall was made of glass, and the back wall was adjustable to induce immobility in such a way that the animal cannot open the wings, but can move the head and legs (Jones et al 2000). The experimenters retreated out of the birds' sight, and the test was during 5 minutes recorded with a video camera place in front of the box. All the birds were tested in 31 batches of 4 animals each, where the birds had no visual or physical contact between each other. The video was analyzed manually, and the following variables were recorded: the latency to struggle considered as time between the initiation of restraint until the first struggling episode (defined as the movement of the legs of the animal trying to escape) and the number of struggles during the observation period. The struggle episodes were considered different if they were separated by 5 s or more. The immobility of the animal during the test has been widely considered in the literature as an indicator of intense fear. Social interaction (SI) test was performed between 70 days of age. This test is described in detail in Caliva et al (2017, Poult Sci9 6(12):4140-4150). Briefly, the SI test consists in a 5 min encounter between an unfamiliar test adult bird and a photocastrated stimulus adult male, in the presence of the test bird’s cagemate (audience). A video-camera was positioned 1 m above the apparatus and connected to a computer that allowed constant monitoring and recording during the test while out of the sight of the birds. Using behavioral tracking software (Any-maze, 2015) the following aggressive behaviors were recorded: Pecks: when one bird raises its head and vigorously pecks the other bird’s body (usually on the head). Grabs: when a male catches (“grabs”) with their beak the neck or head region of the female. Mounts: while performing a grab, the male approaches a female from behind, and places both feet on the dorsal surface of its torso, stepping over the females’ tail. Cloacal contacts: during mounting, the male lifts his tail and tilts his pelvis underneath the other bird and briefly presses its cloaca against the female. Threats: one bird stands with its neck and head raised in front of the other bird that usually has itshead at a lower level than the first. Chase: a bird runs after another that is escaping. Attack with claws. Tonic immobility (IT) test was performed at 100 days of age, the individual was place in the left lateral decubitus and hold for 15 seconds, holding him with both hands against a support base (one hand on the head and another in the body). We recorded the number of inductions to achieve an immobility of at least 10 seconds and the duration of the immobility (IT). A long duration of IT and a smaller number of necessary inductions is indicative of a high level of fear as opposed to a short response 41. If IT was not attained after 5 successive attempts, the bird was considered not to be susceptible and scores of 0 were given for TI duration. Welfare assessment. At 96 and 108 days of age female skin lesions and plumage status were evaluated using an adapted version of the protocol proposed by Welfare Quality ® consortium 42. Head, neck and back skin lesions were determined using a score scale from 0 to 2 where "0" represents no lesions (punctiform damage 1.5 cm in diameter at the largest extent (Pellegrini et al 2017, Poult. Sci. 96(E-Suppl. 1):133 )Fil: Caliva, Martín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Caliva, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Alcala, Rocio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Guzmán, Diego Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Guzmán, Diego Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Marin, Raúl. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Marin, Raúl. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina

Four behavioral tests associated with fear and aggressiveness in Japanese quail

Japanese quail were evaluated in 4 tests, performed aproximately 30 days appart from each other. Partial mechanical restraint test , Social Interaction, Tonic Inmovility and Welfare assesment. Partial mechanical restraint test was performed at 40 days of age. This test consists in restricting the movement of the animal between two walls of a melamine box of 20 x 10 cm (height per width, respectively) with the characteristic that the front wall was made of glass, and the back wall was adjustable to induce immobility in such a way that the animal cannot open the wings, but can move the head and legs (Jones et al 2000). The experimenters retreated out of the birds' sight, and the test was during 5 minutes recorded with a video camera place in front of the box. All the birds were tested in 31 batches of 4 animals each, where the birds had no visual or physical contact between each other. The video was analyzed manually, and the following variables were recorded: the latency to struggle considered as time between the initiation of restraint until the first struggling episode (defined as the movement of the legs of the animal trying to escape) and the number of struggles during the observation period. The struggle episodes were considered different if they were separated by 5 s or more. The immobility of the animal during the test has been widely considered in the literature as an indicator of intense fear. Social interaction (SI) test was performed between 70 days of age. This test is described in detail in Caliva et al (2017, Poult Sci9 6(12):4140-4150). Briefly, the SI test consists in a 5 min encounter between an unfamiliar test adult bird and a photocastrated stimulus adult male, in the presence of the test bird’s cagemate (audience). A video-camera was positioned 1 m above the apparatus and connected to a computer that allowed constant monitoring and recording during the test while out of the sight of the birds. Using behavioral tracking software (Any-maze, 2015) the following aggressive behaviors were recorded: Pecks: when one bird raises its head and vigorously pecks the other bird’s body (usually on the head). Grabs: when a male catches (“grabs”) with their beak the neck or head region of the female. Mounts: while performing a grab, the male approaches a female from behind, and places both feet on the dorsal surface of its torso, stepping over the females’ tail. Cloacal contacts: during mounting, the male lifts his tail and tilts his pelvis underneath the other bird and briefly presses its cloaca against the female. Threats: one bird stands with its neck and head raised in front of the other bird that usually has itshead at a lower level than the first. Chase: a bird runs after another that is escaping. Attack with claws. Tonic immobility (IT) test was performed at 100 days of age, the individual was place in the left lateral decubitus and hold for 15 seconds, holding him with both hands against a support base (one hand on the head and another in the body). We recorded the number of inductions to achieve an immobility of at least 10 seconds and the duration of the immobility (IT). A long duration of IT and a smaller number of necessary inductions is indicative of a high level of fear as opposed to a short response 41. If IT was not attained after 5 successive attempts, the bird was considered not to be susceptible and scores of 0 were given for TI duration. Welfare assessment. At 96 and 108 days of age female skin lesions and plumage status were evaluated using an adapted version of the protocol proposed by Welfare Quality ® consortium 42. Head, neck and back skin lesions were determined using a score scale from 0 to 2 where "0" represents no lesions (punctiform damage 1.5 cm in diameter at the largest extent (Pellegrini et al 2017, Poult. Sci. 96(E-Suppl. 1):133 )Fil: Caliva, Martín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Caliva, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Alcala, Rocio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Guzmán, Diego Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Guzmán, Diego Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Marin, Raúl. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Marin, Raúl. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina

Four behavioral tests associated with fear and aggressiveness in Japanese quail

Male and Female adult japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) were evaluated in 4 tests, performed aproximately 30 days appart from each other. Partial mechanical restraint test , Social Interaction, Tonic Inmovility and Welfare assesmentFil: Caliva, Jorge Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Alcala, Rocio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Guzmán, Diego Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marin, Raul Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa