High-resolution behavioral time series of Japanese quail within their social environment

The behavioral dynamics within a social group not only could depend on individual traits and social-experience of each member, but more importantly, emerges from inter-individual interactions over time. Herein, we first present a dataset, as well as the corresponding original video recordings, of the results of 4 behavioral tests associated with fear and aggressive response performed on 106 Japanese quail. In a second stage, birds were housed with conspecifics that performed similarly in the behavioral tests in groups of 2 females and 1 male. By continuously monitoring each bird in these small social groups, we obtained time series of social and reproductive behavior, and high-resolution locomotor time series. This approach provides the opportunity to perform precise quantification of the temporal dynamics of behavior at an individual level within different social scenarios including when an individual showing continued aggressive behaviors is present. These unique datasets and videos are publicly available in Figshare and can be used in further analysis, or for comparison with existing or future data sets or mathematical models across different taxa.Fil: Caliva, Jorge Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Alcala, Rocio Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología de los Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Guzmán, Diego Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marin, Raul Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentin

Comparing the implementation of team approaches for improving diabetes care in community health centers

Background: Patient panel management and community-based care management may be viable strategies for community health centers to improve the quality of diabetes care for vulnerable patient populations. The objective of our study was to clarify implementation processes and experiences of integrating office-based medical assistant (MA) panel management and community health worker (CHW) community-based management into routine care for diabetic patients. Methods: Mixed methods study with interviews and surveys of clinicians and staff participating in a study comparing the effectiveness of MA and CHW health coaching for improving diabetes care. Participants included 24 key informants in five role categories and 249 clinicians and staff survey respondents from 14 participating practices. We conducted thematic analyses of key informant interview transcripts to clarify implementation processes and describe barriers to integrating the new roles into practice. We surveyed clinicians and staff to assess differences in practice culture among intervention and control groups. We triangulated findings to identify concordant and disparate results across data sources. Results: Implementation processes and experiences varied considerably among the practices implementing CHW and MA team-based approaches, resulting in differences in the organization of health coaching and self-management support activities. Importantly, CHW and MA responsibilities converged over time to focus on health coaching of diabetic patients. MA health coaches experienced difficulty in allocating dedicated time due to other MA responsibilities that often crowded out time for diabetic patient health coaching. Time constraints also limited the personal introduction of patients to health coaches by clinicians. Participants highlighted the importance of a supportive team climate and proactive leadership as important enablers for MAs and CHWs to implement their health coaching responsibilities and also promoted professional growth. Conclusion: Implementation of team-based strategies to improve diabetes care for vulnerable populations was diverse, however all practices converged in their foci on health coaching roles of CHWs and MAs. Our study suggests that a flexible approach to implementing health coaching is more important than fidelity to rigid models that do not allow for variable allocation of responsibilities across team members. Clinicians play an instrumental role in supporting health coaches to grow into their new patient care responsibilities

Latex and silicon allergy related to cerebrospinal shunt hardware: A review

A less frequent complications of shunt systems ventriculoperitoneal used for the management of hydrocephalus is the allergy materials which usually are built, silicone and latex. Patients undergoing multiple changes device may be at risk of developing high rejection to materials. Differential diagnosis should be done with infections and obstructions, usual causes of dysfunction. We present a review updated literature focused neurosurgeon

Transoral osteosynthesis for C1 fractures: two cases report

The upper cervical spine fractures are rare and often fatal injuries so immediately with the traumatic event. Due to the amplitude of the spinal canal in the upper cervical region, only 16% of the survivors exhibit neurological compromise, so they can go unnoticed for emergency care. CI injuries are rare. We report two cases in relation to our experience in the management of this injury through transoral

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Integrative and comparative genomic analyses identify clinically relevant pulmonary carcinoid groups and unveil the supra-carcinoids

International audienceThe worldwide incidence of pulmonary carcinoids is increasing, but little is known about their molecular characteristics. Through machine learning and multi-omics factor analysis, we compare and contrast the genomic profiles of 116 pulmonary carcinoids (including 35 atypical), 75 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC), and 66 small-cell lung cancers. Here we report that the integrative analyses on 257 lung neuroendocrine neoplasms stratify atypical carcinoids into two prognostic groups with a 10-year overall survival of 88% and 27%, respectively. We identify therapeutically relevant molecular groups of pulmonary car-cinoids, suggesting DLL3 and the immune system as candidate therapeutic targets; we confirm the value of OTP expression levels for the prognosis and diagnosis of these diseases, and we unveil the group of supra-carcinoids. This group comprises samples with carcinoid-like morphology yet the molecular and clinical features of the deadly LCNEC, further supporting the previously proposed molecular link between the low-and high-grade lung neuroendocrine neoplasms

The Role of Health Behaviors and Socioeconomic Status in Explaining the Relationship Between Child Abuse and Cancer

Recent research has linked experiences of child abuse to cancer later in life. However much of the available research has failed to look at the independent effects of child abuse types (i.e. physical, sexual and emotional abuse) and does not attempt to test potential reasons for this association. To address these shortcomings, the purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of three health behaviors (i.e. smoking, overweight or obesity and alcohol drinking) and two measures of socioeconomic status (i.e. educational attainment and household income) that are hypothesized to mediate the association between abuse type experienced in childhood and cancer risk in adulthood. Overall, evidence exists supporting some of the connections. However, not all evidence examines all abuse types and not all evidence is consistent. Data from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), a representative telephone survey of adults 18 years of age and over living in the United States was used in this investigation. The following four aims were examined: 1) Assess the representativeness of data from the BRFSS; 2) Determine if each abuse type was independently associated with cancer, after controlling for other abuse types, other adverse childhood experiences and sociodemographic characteristics; 3) Determine if the relationship between child abuse and cancer is mediated by health behaviors 4) Determine if the relationship between child abuse and cancer is mediated by socioeconomic status. Aim 1 was examined using 1 proportion z-tests, comparing BRFSS estimates by state to comparison data obtained from national sources. Aim 2 was examined using logistic regression. Aims 3 and 4 were examined using logistic regression, with Karlson, Holm and Breen’s KHB method used to analyze mediating effects of health behaviors and socioeconomic status. Analyses were conducted using Stata 14.0 and using probability weights.Results for Aim 1 revealed that data was not entirely representative. For Aim 2, models showed that physical, sexual and emotional abuse were each associated with increased odds of cancer. For Aim 3, mediation analyses revealed that smoking partially mediated the relationship between physical abuse and cancer and between sexual abuse and cancer. Smoking fully mediated the association between emotional abuse and cancer. For Aim 4, mediation analyses revealed that household income partially mediated the relationship between sexual abuse and cancer.Overall, this study highlighted that abuse is different from other adverse childhood experiences when it comes to its association with cancer. Furthermore, abuse types have unique mediators, suggesting that there are unique causal pathways connecting each abuse type and cancer

Four behavioral tests associated with fear and aggressiveness in Japanese quail

Male and Female adult japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) were evaluated in 4 tests, performed aproximately 30 days appart from each other. Partial mechanical restraint test , Social Interaction, Tonic Inmovility and Welfare assesmentFil: Caliva, Jorge Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Alcala, Rocio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Guzmán, Diego Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marin, Raul Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa

One-hour social and reproductive behavioral time series of Japanese quail in diverse social environments

We favor the conformation of divergent social environments by using the preselecting animals based on a combination of the 4 behavioral tests described in the project description. Social groups composed of three adult quail, 2 females and 1 male (156-171 days old). We evaluated social and reproductive behavior in these groups. Groups were housed in a white wooden apparatus measuring 80 x 40 x 40 cm (width x length x height, respectively) with wood-shavings on the floor. A feeder and an automatic nipple drinker were positioned in opposite corners of the apparatus. Nylon monofilament line was extended over the top of the boxes with a 1 cm separation in order to prevent the birds from escaping without interfering with their visualization. A video camera was suspended 1.5m above the box. Since only 4 social groups could be tested simultaneously, the setup was repeated 3 consecutive times. For convenience boxes in which each social group were placed were numbered 1-12, where boxes 1-4 were tested simultaneously first, 5-8 second and 9-12 last. We used the ANY-MAZE@ to register the following behaviors as described in Caliva et al. (2017) during a one-hour period between 9 and 10 am inmediatly after placing in box (Day1) after 48h of habituation to the novel setting (Day3): Pecks: when one bird raises its head and vigorously pecks the other bird?s body (usually on the head). Grabs: when a male catches (?grabs?) with their beak the neck or head region of the female. Mounts: while performing a grab, the male approaches a female from behind, and places both feet on the dorsal surface of its torso, stepping over the females? tail. Cloacal contacts: during mounting, the male lifts his tail and tilts his pelvis underneath the other bird and briefly presses its cloaca against the female. Threats: one bird stands with its neck and head raised in front of the other bird that usually has its head at a lower level than the first. Chase: a bird runs after another that is escaping. Foraging: pecking at the ground or actively moving litter with beak. Feeding: peaking at food in the feeding trough. Dust bathing: vertical wing shakes in a lying position . Time series denote with the number one changes towards actively performing the given behavior, while the number zero indicates cessation of that behavior. All time series are stored as text files (.txt). Considering that the 36 animals were evaluated in 12 mixed-sex groups of 3 birds in individual experimental boxes, each subject quail was identified by their experimental group number (Box), ID number of wing band, and sex (femaleA, femaleB or male). In the case of females an indication A or B is used to discriminate between the two. In the file name an indication of the corresponding bird is provided as "BoxNº_IDNº_sex_DayNº" Data descriptor submitted to Sci Data "High resolution behavioral time series of Japanese quail within their their social environment"Fil: Alcala, Rocio Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Caliva, Jorge Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Guzmán, Diego Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marin, Raul Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentin

Four behavioral tests associated with fear and aggressiveness in Japanese quail

Japanese quail were evaluated in 4 tests, performed aproximately 30 days appart from each other. Partial mechanical restraint test , Social Interaction, Tonic Inmovility and Welfare assesment Partial mechanical restraint test was performed at 40 days of age. This test consists in restricting the movement of the animal between two walls of a melamine box of 20 x 10 cm (height per width, respectively) with the characteristic that the front wall was made of glass, and the back wall was adjustable to induce immobility in such a way that the animal cannot open the wings, but can move the head and legs (Jones et al 2000). The experimenters retreated out of the birds' sight, and the test was during 5 minutes recorded with a video camera place in front of the box. All the birds were tested in 31 batches of 4 animals each, where the birds had no visual or physical contact between each other. The video was analyzed manually, and the following variables were recorded: the latency to struggle considered as time between the initiation of restraint until the first struggling episode (defined as the movement of the legs of the animal trying to escape) and the number of struggles during the observation period. The struggle episodes were considered different if they were separated by 5 s or more. The immobility of the animal during the test has been widely considered in the literature as an indicator of intense fear. Social interaction (SI) test was performed between 70 days of age. This test is described in detail in Caliva et al (2017, Poult Sci9 6(12):4140-4150). Briefly, the SI test consists in a 5 min encounter between an unfamiliar test adult bird and a photocastrated stimulus adult male, in the presence of the test bird?s cagemate (audience). A video-camera was positioned 1 m above the apparatus and connected to a computer that allowed constant monitoring and recording during the test while out of the sight of the birds. Using behavioral tracking software (Any-maze, 2015) the following aggressive behaviors were recorded: Pecks: when one bird raises its head and vigorously pecks the other bird?s body (usually on the head). Grabs: when a male catches (?grabs?) with their beak the neck or head region of the female. Mounts: while performing a grab, the male approaches a female from behind, and places both feet on the dorsal surface of its torso, stepping over the females? tail. Cloacal contacts: during mounting, the male lifts his tail and tilts his pelvis underneath the other bird and briefly presses its cloaca against the female. Threats: one bird stands with its neck and head raised in front of the other bird that usually has itshead at a lower level than the first. Chase: a bird runs after another that is escaping. Attack with claws. Tonic immobility (IT) test was performed at 100 days of age, the individual was place in the left lateral decubitus and hold for 15 seconds, holding him with both hands against a support base (one hand on the head and another in the body). We recorded the number of inductions to achieve an immobility of at least 10 seconds and the duration of the immobility (IT). A long duration of IT and a smaller number of necessary inductions is indicative of a high level of fear as opposed to a short response 41. If IT was not attained after 5 successive attempts, the bird was considered not to be susceptible and scores of 0 were given for TI duration.Fil: Caliva, Jorge Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Alcala, Rocio Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Guzmán, Diego Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Marin, Raul Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentin