Efectos del ejercicio físico en adultos insulinodependientes

Este documento analiza los estudios más relevantes acerca de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y su relación directa con la actividad física con el propósito de hallar el tipo de entrenamiento más adecuado para el control de la enfermedad y centrándose en las variables que la determinan, como son la glucosa en sangre y la hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c). Para ello, se han usado unos específicos criterios de selección, con especial énfasis en el aspecto deportivo. Un total de 9 estudios han sido escogidos, de los cuales 3 se centran en entrenamientos aeróbicos continuos, 3 acerca de entrenamientos interválicos de alta intensidad y 3 sobre entrenamientos de fuerza. Los resultados mostraron que cualquier tipo de actividad física tiene influencia directa en la cantidad de azúcar en sangre y Hb1Ac, pudiendo acrecentar o declinar sus valores, dependiendo de la tipología de ejercicio realizado. Como conclusión, hay que resaltar que tanto la actividad física con preferencia oxidativa como con preferencia no oxidativa pueden ser recomendables para mejorar la calidad de vida de los diabéticos tipo 1 adultos, siempre que se conozcan los efectos que estos produzcan en cada paciente individualmente y así otorgar una herramienta útil para médicos, pacientes y graduados en ciencias del deporte en la que basarse para controlar la enfermedad. Todos los estudios analizados apoyan la idea de seguir avanzando en investigaciones en este ámbito.This paper analyzes the most relevant studies about type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its direct relationship with physical activity (PA) in order to find the most appropriate type of training for disease control and focus on the variables that determine it, such as blood glucose (BG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac). Thus, specific selection criteria have been used, with special emphasis on the sport aspect. Nine studies have been selected, 3 focus on continuous aerobic trainings, 3 about high intensity interval training and 3 on strength trainings. The results showed that any type of PA has direct influence on BG and Hb1Ac, increasing or decreasing their values, depending on the type of EXE performed. In conclusion, it is demonstrated by recent studies that both aerobic and anaerobic physical activity may be recommended to improve the quality of life of T1DM, provided they are known the effects that they produce in each individual patient and thus provide a useful tool for doctors, patients and sports science graduates on which to rely to control the disease. All the studies analyzed support the idea of further progress in research in this area.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deport

Feasibility and reliability of a Physical Fitness test battery in individuals with Down Syndrome

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder that occurs because of an abnormal division between cells that results in an extra copy of chromosome 21. Some studies show that physical exercise in people with DS increases some cognitive capacities, such as memory, and improves the quality of life. Aim: The main aim of this study was to perform an analysis of the reliability and feasibility of the SAMU-Disability Fitness (DISFIT) battery in adults with DS. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a test–retest design was performed in a maximum interval of 2 weeks in 37 subjects (11 women and 26 men) aged between 21 and 58 years old with DS. Eight field-based fitness tests were proposed to assess the physical fitness (PF) of adults with DS: Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the Deep Trunk Flexibility test (DTF), the Hand Grip test (HG), the Timed Stand Test (TST), the 30-s Sit-Up (SUP) and the 6-Min Walk Test (6MWT). Results: The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) in all the tests was good and high (>0.80), except for the 6MWT, whose reliability was fair. Conclusion: The SAMU-DISFIT battery is a reliable and feasible physical fitness battery which has been created with the purpose of establishing tests which measure the four basic components of PF (flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal fitness and motor fitness) in adults with D

Synthesis and characterization of metal oxide-based microcapsules including phase change materials for energy storage applications

In this study, microcapsules based on Cu2O containing different phase change materials (PCM) were prepared and characterized. The elemental, structural and electronic properties of the Cu2O-based microcapsules were characterized using several techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the thermal properties of the microcapsules prepared were characterized in order to analyse their possible application as a thermal energy storage medium. Heating/cooling cycles using a differential scanning calorimetry technique were performed, and the phase change temperature and enthalpy were estimated. We observed good stability after the cycles. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency was estimated from melting and crystallization enthalpy values, reaching a value of 14.8% for the paraffin wax-based microcapsules. Finally, isobaric specific heat was measured to evaluate the storage capability of the encapsulated PCMs with regard to pure Cu2O to evaluate their possible application as a thermal storage system. An increase of around 140% was found in the isobaric specific heat for the microcapsules based on paraffin wax with regard to pure Cu2O. © 2023, The Author(s)