Evaluation of efficiency of laser systems on removal of debris and smear layer in maxillary canine root canals

The aim of this study is to analyze the efficiency of different laser systems and irrigating solutions on the removal of superficial debris and smear layer created during instrumentation in root canals. Seventy two extracted human maxillary canine teeth were sectioned and the root canals were prepared. The specimens were divided randomly into equal six groups as follows: 5.25% NaOCl in group 1 (control group), 15% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 1 min followed by 5.25% NaOCl in group 2, 25% citric acid for 1 min followed by 5.25% NaOCl in group 3 were applied into the root canals. In the other groups treated with only laser, diode laser (2 W, 10 Hz) in group 4, Er:YAG laser (1 W, 10 Hz) in group 5, and Nd:YAG laser (1 W, 10 Hz) in group 6 were applied to the root canals. Photomicrographs were taken from the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of specimens by using scanning electron microscope. Statistical analyses were performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p = 0.05). On account of superficial debris, statistically significant differences were presented between the groups. According to the results of the study, statistically significant differences were determined between the control group and the other groups in the removal of the smear layer from the root canals (p < 0.05). Superficial debris was effectively removed by Er: YAG and diode laser. Combinations of EDTA + NaOCl and citric acid + NaOCl removed most effectively the smear layer. (C) 2014 Laser Institute of America

Antifungal activity of green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) sampled in different harvest time

Antifungal activity of green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.), sampled 3 different harvest time (May, July and September) from Rize region in Turkey, against a number of fungi (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida kruseii, Candida parapsilosis and Candida dubliensis) has been investigated. In addition, the catechin-based flavonoids in green tea leaves such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epicatechin (EC) were determined. All methanol extract of green tea samples showed a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against all Candida species in broth microdilution bioassays. However maximum activity of methanol extract (>17 mm inhibition zone) was observed against Candida albicans at 3rd harvest time. In general, antifungal activity increased from 1 (st) harvest time to 3 (rd) harvest time. Catechin-based flavonoids have also increased from 1st harvest to 3rd harvest indicating a correlation with antifungal activity

Apical transportation of ProGlider and ProTaper Next activated with different motions

WOS: 000395062900007PubMed: 28194749Purpose: the aim of this study was to investigate the apical transportation of the ProGlider and ProTaper Next using 3 different motions (150 degrees clockwise [CW]; 0 degrees counter clockwise [CCW], 270 degrees CW-30 degrees CCW; and [360 degrees CW] continuous rotation). Materials and methods: 36 simulated, curved, plastic training blocks were randomly distributed into 3 groups for treatment according to the movement kinematics used for ProGlider (Dentsply Maillefer) followed by ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer) instruments (n = 12): 150 degrees CW-30 degrees CCW, 270 degrees CW-30 degrees CCW, and 360 degrees CW (continuous rotation). Pre- and post-instrumentation photographs were taken from the root canals in a standardized manner. Root canal transportation was calculated at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm from the apical terminus of the canal. Data were analyzed using a Kruskal-Walis H test (p =.05). Results: At the 1- and 2-mm levels, both reciprocating motions (150 degrees CW-30 degrees CCW and 270 degrees CW-30 degrees CCW) resulted in less transportation than those of continuous rotation (p.05). Conclusions: Both reciprocating motions were found to have less canal transportation than the continuous rotation group at the 1- and 2-mm levels. This is the first study about the use of the ProGlider and ProTaper Next activated by different motions. Reciprocating motion can be beneficial for ProGlider and ProTaper Next to reduce transportation of root canals.Ataturk University Research FundAtaturk University [2014032]This work was supported by the Ataturk University Research Fund (Project no.: 2014032)