UWB channel characterization in 28 ghz millimeter waveband for 5G cellular networks

The demands of high data rate transmission for future wireless communication technologies are increasing rapidly. The current bands for cellular network will not be able to satisfy these requirements. The millimeter wave (mm-wave) bands are the candidate bands for the future cellular networks. The 28 GHz band is the strongest candidate for 5G cellular networks. The large bandwidth at this band is one of the main parameters that make the mm-wave bands promising candidate for the future cellular networks. To know the wideband channel behavior in mm-wave bands, the wideband channel characterizations are required. In this paper, the 3D WINNER model is used to model the wideband channel at 28 GHz band. Based on this model, the time dispersion parameters at 28 GHz mm-wave band are investigated. The root mean square delay spread and the mean excess delay are the main parameters that can be used to characterize the wideband channel. Morever, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) is used to model the RMS delay spreads. The results show that the RMS delay spread varies between 4.1 ns and 443.7 ns

Indoor path loss model for 4G wireless network at 2.6 GHz

In this paper, a short-range, narrowband indoor propagation at 2.6 GHz was measured and modeled. The measurement campaign was conducted to characterize the path loss (PL) of Radio frequency (RF) at the Razak School building corridor. The corridor has unique structure and segmented in different sections. The irregular structure of corridor, further with various interior material used gives the unique characterization to the received power. The research work made in this paper is predominately targets to characterizing radio link of 2.6 GHz frequency in typical indoor corridor

Effect of weather condition on LoRa IoT communication technology in a tropical region: Malaysia

An experimental study on the effect of weather conditions such as solar radiation, humidity, temperature, and rain on the Long Range (LoRa) communication in a tropical region (Malaysia) via a campus environment has been carried out and analyzed. The weather parameters were obtained from an online meteorological weather station (Meteoblue) and the use of a local automatic weather station. A temperature sensor was attached to the LoRa node to measure the onboard temperature. We analyze the diurnal variation and the effects of the weather condition based on the LoRa link in a LoRaWAN setup. A regular pattern of RSSI was observed with stronger RSSI values having a positive correlation with the atmospheric temperature, onboard temperature, and solar radiation during the day but degrades in late evenings. The positive correlation and pattern observed can be attributed to the prevailing metrological conditions and opens room for further research needed for propagation modeling. The RSSI signals and relative humidity, on the other hand, showed no correlation. Furthermore, strong RSSI signals were obtained when the atmospheric temperature was between 30 - 40 °C, and the onboard temperature between 40 - 50 °C. No significant impact was observed on the RSSI signals when the rainfall rates vary from 12 mm/h to 180 mm/h. The study presents useful information to be considered on the effects of weather conditions in the propagation model and deployment of LoRa for IoT communication

Impact of Quran in treatment of the psychological disorder and spiritual illness

This paper studies the effect of Quranic therapy on psychological diseases and spiritual diseases. The experiments have been conducted on a random sample with 121 patients from both genders. The procedures that have been followed were different sessions with the patients, who were given some verses from the Holy Quran to listen within a specific period of time. After that, each patient was given a remedy program. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness and responsiveness of patients to receive treatment through Quran. This study highlighted the employment of a quantitative research, which achieved its objective through validity and reliability. The results of the effectiveness factor came after ability and willingness and gave a result of 92.6% for those who support the contention that the Quran has a significant healing influence. Also, some of the patients who regularly attended Quranic therapy sessions have been successfully cured, 81.8% of the sample believe that Quranic therapy sessions support their health needs. This study has empirically proved that the sound of the Holy Quran is an effective treatment for those who suffer from spiritual and psychological issues. Folk medicine and other traditional methods of treatment are important field of study that require further investigation. The study also illustrates that it's highly important for patient to have confidence in his doctor or healer. Furthermore, our results show that the ability and willingness positively and significantly are related to the effectiveness and responsiveness, also effectiveness positively and significantly related to the responsiveness. Therefore, the patients satisfied to receive treatment through Quran and they have the ability and willingness to do so as they believe that Quran is an essential part of their life

Indoor Corridor Wideband Radio Propagation Measurements and Channel Models for 5G Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications at 19 GHz, 28 GHz, and 38 GHz Bands

This paper presents millimeter wave (mmWave) measurements in an indoor environment. The high demands for the future applications in the 5G system require more capacity. In the microwave band below 6 GHz, most of the available bands are occupied; hence, the microwave band above 6 GHz and mmWave band can be used for the 5G system to cover the bandwidth required for all 5G applications. In this paper, the propagation characteristics at three different bands above 6 GHz (19, 28, and 38 GHz) are investigated in an indoor corridor environment for line of sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) scenarios. Five different path loss models are studied for this environment, namely, close-in (CI) free space path loss, floating-intercept (FI), frequency attenuation (FA) path loss, alpha-beta-gamma (ABG), and close-in free space reference distance with frequency weighting (CIF) models. Important statistical properties, such as power delay profile (PDP), root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and azimuth angle spread, are obtained and compared for different bands. The results for the path loss model found that the path loss exponent (PLE) and line slope values for all models are less than the free space path loss exponent of 2. The RMS delay spread for all bands is low for the LOS scenario, and only the directed path is contributed in some spatial locations. For the NLOS scenario, the angle of arrival (AOA) is extensively investigated, and the results indicated that the channel propagation for 5G using high directional antenna should be used in the beamforming technique to receive the signal and collect all multipath components from different angles in a particular mobile location

Path loss and RMS delay spread model for 5G channel at 19 GHz

The past couple of years have seen an explosion in mobile data traffic as a result of the growth of mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and those that are capable of monitoring, record, provide, and transfer Zetta Bytes of data on a yearly basis. As a solution, researchers focus toward the frequency band above 6 GHz bands to propose a new band that can offer larger bandwidth. However, to choose the optimum operation frequency for 5G network needs several channel investigations in terms of large scale and small scale model. In this paper, the power decay is investigated based on path loss and the dispersion of 5G wideband channel. The path loss and time dispersion are estimated for 5G channel at 19 GHz frequency for a line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) environment. An extensive measurement is conducted using wideband channel sounder within 1 GHz bandwidth. Two different types of antennas are used for collect the received signal directional and omnidirectional antenna. The results reveal that the path loss exponent values in the range of 0.2 to 2.1 depend on the antenna configuration and environment scenarios. For time dispersion analysis, it is found that the omnidirectional antenna is more suitable for RMS delay spread than using the horn antenna at the receiver side