A Framework Using Tangible Interaction for Automatically Capturing and Embedding Design Intent in Parametric Models

The objective of this research is to address some of the challenges of parametric design associated with defining a model’s frameworks using mathematics and computer programming. This work proposes a tactile-based approach to automate the generation of such information. A design-based research method is implemented for this work, which involves developing research prototypes consisting of Tangible User-Interfaces (TUIs) to demonstrate and test the digital-physical workflow. Five prototypes were created each generating a type of information for setting up parametric models, including; linear and polynomial mathematical equations, algorithmic rules and seed configurations for a Cellular Automata (CA) component, geometric transformations (single and compound), and Non-Uniform Rational Basis Spline (NURBS) objects. During the progress of the work, prototypes were improved to include a higher level of automation by performing multiple and more complex modeling tasks. This research includes two levels of evaluation. The first is system correctness, which tests the prototypes for translating tangible interaction with design objects into modeling information. The second is a qualitative comparison between the developed method and the conventional parametric modeling approach using graph-based and/or text-based programming applications. The results of the research have shown the plausibility of the workflow and its potential benefits for parametric modeling practice and education. This work provides a proof-of-concept for a novel approach that translates design intents into mathematical and algorithmic modeling information for establishing parametric frameworks. The outcomes of this research include; detailed workflows describing algorithmic procedures for interpreting analog data, TUI specifications, and an overall theoretical framework of the method

Hybrid Workstations: Establishing Interactive and Responsive User-Interfaces for Daylight Applications

The research project presented in this paper explores the benefits of utilizing a hybrid workstation in a daylight design application. The prototype developed for this work links a physical design object with digital modeling and simulation tools. The aim of the work is to integrate physical and material properties of kinetic design objects in the digital workflow. Additionally, the hybrid system utilizes smart hand-held devices to provide designers with a user-friendly interface to control modeling parameters. The developed workstation provides real-time interactive features and live responses to visualize and evaluate design options in both the digital and physical environments. The proposed work demonstrates unique possibilities for daylight applications, which will assist designers in making informed decisions regarding both the aesthetics and the performance of a kinetic architectural system

Parametricism vs Materialism : Evolution of digital technologies for development

We build on previous technological developments in CAAD by looking into parametric design exploration and the development of the concept of parametricism. We use the phenomenological backdrop to account for our physical experiences and encounters as well as our mental ones; both evident in the link between parametric design as a process and an outcome. In specific, we previously examined two particular metaphors. The first metaphor addressed aspects of virtual environments that resemble our physical world; In other words, computer model as physical model and digital world as material world. In this volume, we extend the exploration into aspects of virtual environments and their resemblance to physical environments by looking at ‘performance’ aspects: the way in which environments are sensed, measured, tracked and visualised. Moreover, we reflect on matters and materiality in both virtual and physical space philosophically, theoretically, practically and reflectively. The second metaphor looked into the modes and means of interaction between our bodies and such virtual environment. Here we extend the investigation to look at the ways in which measures of environmental performance influence human interaction in real environments. The exploration takes us further to look into the area of design fabrication of the built environment, and methods in which developed processes meet environmental performance requirements, and the innovative outcomes that lead to disruptive technologies getting introduced into design and we revisit parametric design under this focus area

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population