Preliminary fabrication and characterization of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V customized dental implant

The current study was aimed to fabricate customized root form dental implant using additive manufacturing technique for the replacement of missing teeth. The root form dental implant was designed using Geomagic (TM) and Magics (TM), the designed implant was directly manufactured by layering technique using ARCAM A2 (TM) electron beam melting system by employing medical grade Ti- 6Al-4V alloy powder. Furthermore, the fabricated implant was characterized in terms of certain clinically important parameters such as surface microstructure, surface topography, chemical purity and internal porosity. Results confirmed that, fabrication of customized dental implants using additive rapid manufacturing technology offers an attractive method to produce extremely pure form of customized titanium dental implants, the rough and porous surface texture obtained is expected to provide better initial implant stabilization and superior osseointegration. (C) 2016 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University

Knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward shortened dental arch therapy in Saudi Arabia

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward shortened dental arch (SDA) therapy in Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods: In this cross‑sectional study, self‑designed‑structured questionnaires were distributed among specialists (SP), residents (RES), and general dental practitioners (GDP) in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire enquired about dentists’ opinion regarding function, esthetic, and comfort in patients with SDA. It also enquired about the risks associated with SDA treatment (tooth wear, temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), and tooth migration). Participants also graded SDA decision‑making factors for their significance. Frequency distribution and Chi‑square test were performed to compare the responses.Results: A total of 300 questionnaires were completed. 53.9% of SP applied SDA therapy in <10% of patients. However, 54.8% of RES and 46.6% of GDP never used SDA therapy. SDA was considered by dentists to provide a satisfactory or acceptable function (76.4%), esthetics (76.1%), and comfort (76.8%). There was a significant difference in opinions of SP, GDP, and RES, in relation to the effect of SDA on esthetics (P = 0.039), tooth‑wear (P < 0.001), TMD (P < 0.001), and tooth migration (P = 0.002).Conclusion: The knowledge of SP and GDP with regards to SDA therapy was broadly in line with current standards. Less than 10% of patients had objections towards SDA therapy. SDA therapy was clinically applied in fewer than 10% of cases.Keywords: Attitude, dentist, knowledge, shortened dental arc

Effect of grit-blasting air pressure on adhesion strength of resin to titanium

Aim: The objective of this laboratory study was to analyze the effect of different grit-blasting pressures on adhesion of resin to silica-coated and silanized Ti using the shear bond test.Materials and methods: A total of 24 commercially pure grade 2 Ti coupons (1 mm×20 mm×40 mm) were prepared and randomly assigned to 4 groups based on surface treatment: 150 kPa grit-blasting pressure with RocatecTM Soft (group 1) for 10 s. Similarly, groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated at 280 kPa (control), 330 kPa and 380 kPa grit-blasting pressures, respectively, and followed by silanization. A total of 10 resin stubs per group were bonded onto each treated surface with photopolymerization. The shear bond strength was measured after 24 h dry storage in a desiccator, 2 months H2O storage, and 4 months H2O storage. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-way ANOVA (p<0.05).Results: After 24 h, initial SBS values of tested groups were significantly higher (32.0% for group 1, 39.1% for group 3, and 23.9% for group 4) than the control (group 2). After artificial aging, SBS values decreased in all the groups. The highest adhesion strength was seen in 150 kPa (13.0±3.0) and 280 kPa (4.9±2.4) after 2 months, and 4 months artificial aging, respectively.Conclusion: A lower grit-blasting pressure might promote adhesion strength in long term water aging

Effect of experimental primers on hydrolytic stability of resin zirconia bonding

This study assessed the effect of experimental silane primers and two adhesive resin cements on resin zirconia adhesion strength. The surfaces of cut Y-TZP zirconia blocks (Lava™ Frame), 16 mm × 16 mm × 4.5 mm, were pretreated twice. First, they were grit-blasted with Korox™ alumina powder (110 μm) followed by silica-coating with Rocatec™ Soft. Next, the blocks were randomly assigned into eighteen sub-groups (n = 6, N = 108) according to three primers (control ESPE Sil™, 1.0 vol.-% 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 1.0 vol.-% 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane + 0.5 vol.-% bis-12-(triethoxysilyl)ethane), two in dentistry used resin cement products (Multilink™ Speed, and Multilink™ N), and three storage conditions (24 h dry, 1 month immersed in distilled water, and 6 months immersed in distilled water at room temperature) used. Onto each pretreated zirconia block, four cylindrical resin composite cement stubs were prepared and light-cured. The surface roughness, contact angle, and adhesion (shear bond) strength (SBS) were measured, and statistically analyzed (ANOVA, the Tukey’s test, p < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in surface roughness values of different primer-treated zirconia groups. After six months of water aging, the shear bond strength of the groups that employed 1.0 vol.-% 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (9.0 MPa ± 0.8 MPa), and the blend of 1 vol.-% 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane + 0.5 vol.-% bis-12-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (8.9 MPa ± 2.0 MPa) with Multilink™ Speed resin composite cement were statistically insignificantly higher compared to using ESPE Sil™ (8.7 MPa ± 1.8 MPa). The experimental primers may have potential to be used for long-term resin zirconia adhesion

Enhanced resin titanium adhesion with silane primers using tribochemical silica-coating

Experimental silane primers and a urethane dimethacrylate resin were prepared to resin titanium bonding. Commercially pure 2 Ti coupons were pretreated and randomly assigned into groups: group-SM (ESPE Sil™+Multilink® Speed), group-SE (ESPE Sil™+experimental resin), group-AM (1.0 vol% 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane+Multilink® Speed), group-AE (1.0 vol% 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane+experimental resin), group-BM (1.0 vol% 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane+0.5 vol% bis-(1,2-triethoxysilyl)ethane+Multilink® Speed), and group-BE (1.0 vol% 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane+0.5 vol% bis-(1,2-triethoxysilyl) ethane+experimental resin). Specimens were stored in a desiccator for 24 h, and artificially aged by thermo-cycling (6,000 and 12,000 cycles). According to ANOVA and the Tukey's test (n=10, α=0.05), the mean enclosed mold shear bond strength after 24 h was highest in group-AE (26.2±4.0 MPa). After 12,000 thermo-cycles, the group-BM exhibited the highest adhesion strength (13.4±3.2 MPa). This study suggests that a silane primer (3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane+0.5 vol% bis-(1,2-triethoxysilyl)ethane) might enhance adhesion strength.</p

Enhanced resin zirconia adhesion with carbon nanotubes-infused silanes: A pilot study

This laboratory study aimed to enhance the adhesion strength of resin cement to zirconia by infusing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in experimental silane primers. Eighteen ZrO2 blanks were pretreated with Rocatec™ Soft, and divided into six groups: Group 1: Monobond® S silane (control); Group 2: 0.5 wt.% single-walled CNTs blended Monobond® S; Group 3: 0.5 wt.% multiple-walled CNTs blended Monobond® S; Group 4: a blend of 1.0 vol.% 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (ACPS) + 0.5 vol.% bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE); Group 5: 0.5 wt.% single-walled CNTs blended in 1.0 vol.% ACPS + 0.5 vol.% BTSE; and Group 6: 0.5 wt.% multiple-walled CNTs blended in 1.0 vol.% ACPS + 0.5 vol.% BTSE. Next, resin composite stubs were prepared on treated ZrO2 surfaces. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C ± 2°C for 2 months and 4 months. According to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test (n = 10, α = 0.05), the highest enclosed mold shear bond strength (EM-SBS) value was observed in Group 5 (20.5 MPa ± 8.0 MPa) at the end of 4 months. Experimental silane primer containing a blend of 1.0 vol.% ACPS and 0.5 vol.% BTSE with infused single-walled CNTs might significantly enhance resin cement adhesion to silica-coated ZrO2