33 research outputs found

    Tulžies latakų akmenligė: ligos įtarimas, diagnozė, gydymas

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    Bile duct stones are a quite common (10–18%) complication of gallstone disease or an autonomous condition. New noninvasive diagnostic methods established in the last decades allow to confirm suspected choledocholithiasis with minimal risk of iatrogenic complications.In this literature review we discuss various scores for choledocholithiasis risk degree, different diagnostic investigations and management approaches including timing for invasive procedures.Tulžies latakų akmenys – gana dažna (10–18 %) tulžies pūslės akmenligės komplikacija ar savarankiška patologija. Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais atsiradę nauji neinvaziniai diagnostikos metodai leidžia patikslinti įtariamą tulžies latakų akmenligės diagnozę minimalizavus jatrogeninių komplikacijų riziką.Šioje literatūros apžvalgoje aptariamos rizikos vertinimo sistemos, leidžiančios apsispręsti dėl papildomų tyrimų tikslingumo, pristatomi įvairūs diagnostiniai metodai, skirtingos gydymo ir tyrimo taktikos, aptariamas gydymo laiko pasirinkimas

    Global 30-day outcomes after bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic (GENEVA): an international cohort study

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    30-Day morbidity and mortality of bariatric metabolic surgery in adolescence during the COVID-19 pandemic – The GENEVA study

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    Background: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is an effective treatment for adolescents with severe obesity. Objectives: This study examined the safety of MBS in adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: This was a global, multicentre and observational cohort study of MBS performed between May 01, 2020, and October 10,2020, in 68 centres from 24 countries. Data collection included in-hospital and 30-day COVID-19 and surgery-specific morbidity/mortality. Results: One hundred and seventy adolescent patients (mean age: 17.75 ± 1.30 years), mostly females (n = 122, 71.8%), underwent MBS during the study period. The mean pre-operative weight and body mass index were 122.16 ± 15.92 kg and 43.7 ± 7.11 kg/m2, respectively. Although majority of patients had pre-operative testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n = 146; 85.9%), only 42.4% (n = 72) of the patients were asked to self-isolate pre-operatively. Two patients developed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection post-operatively (1.2%). The overall complication rate was 5.3% (n = 9). There was no mortality in this cohort. Conclusions: MBS in adolescents with obesity is safe during the COVID-19 pandemic when performed within the context of local precautionary procedures (such as pre-operative testing). The 30-day morbidity rates were similar to those reported pre-pandemic. These data will help facilitate the safe re-introduction of MBS services for this group of patients

    30-day morbidity and mortality of sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and one anastomosis gastric bypass: a propensity score-matched analysis of the GENEVA data

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    Background: There is a paucity of data comparing 30-day morbidity and mortality of sleeve gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). This study aimed to compare the 30-day safety of SG, RYGB, and OAGB in propensity score-matched cohorts. Materials and methods: This analysis utilised data collected from the GENEVA study which was a multicentre observational cohort study of bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) in 185 centres across 42 countries between 01/05/2022 and 31/10/2020 during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. 30-day complications were categorised according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Patients receiving SG, RYGB, or OAGB were propensity-matched according to baseline characteristics and 30-day complications were compared between groups. Results: In total, 6770 patients (SG 3983; OAGB 702; RYGB 2085) were included in this analysis. Prior to matching, RYGB was associated with highest 30-day complication rate (SG 5.8%; OAGB 7.5%; RYGB 8.0% (p = 0.006)). On multivariate regression modelling, Insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia were associated with increased 30-day complications. Being a non-smoker was associated with reduced complication rates. When compared to SG as a reference category, RYGB, but not OAGB, was associated with an increased rate of 30-day complications. A total of 702 pairs of SG and OAGB were propensity score-matched. The complication rate in the SG group was 7.3% (n = 51) as compared to 7.5% (n = 53) in the OAGB group (p = 0.68). Similarly, 2085 pairs of SG and RYGB were propensity score-matched. The complication rate in the SG group was 6.1% (n = 127) as compared to 7.9% (n = 166) in the RYGB group (p = 0.09). And, 702 pairs of OAGB and RYGB were matched. The complication rate in both groups was the same at 7.5 % (n = 53; p = 0.07). Conclusions: This global study found no significant difference in the 30-day morbidity and mortality of SG, RYGB, and OAGB in propensity score-matched cohorts

    Probabilistic models reliability of information and control systems

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    The paper deal with devoting the problem of reliability prediction and modeling the functioning process of information and control systems (ICS), which are described by the Markov random process. The methodology of the study consist in considering ICS as Markov systems. Modeling the functioning process of information and control systems will increase authenticity and reliability of information from the ICS, as well as improve the efficiency of its work. As an example, the mathematical model of the functioning the computer system of the dispatch service is constructed in the paper. Mathematical modeling was conducted in the environment of MathCad. Mathematical modeling allows determining the average number of steps before system moves into the absorbing state. Taking into account the length of stay the system in each condition allows determining the average life of the system until the full failure. The development of model and technology for calculating the characteristics of stochastic systems allows investigating a wide class of such systems and determining optimal maintenance operation term in order to ensure reliability and reduce the waste on downtime

    Методи підвищеня надійності даних в інформаційно-управляючих системах

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    The paper deals with the questions of analysis and estimation the information reservation validity increase in information-control systems. A device for parallel-serial information reservation has been developed to increase the reliability and validity of data and minimize the limiting factors: reducing the number of parallel reserved information source, information aging time, correlation of random noise, failures and self-restoring failures in information and control systems. The results of mathematical modeling of the device operation are presented, by which it can be concluded that if the parallel and sequential information redundancy is correctly combined, then the number of reserved information source and the number of consecutive checks can be optimally reduced to increase the reliability of the data. The development and use of a device based on a combined reservation to ensure high reliability of information in the information and control systems, as well as a significant reduction in the probability of nondetected and false alarms in alarm dangerous situations systems.В статье рассмотрены вопросы анализа и оценки повышения достоверности резервирования информации в информационно-управляющих системах. Разработано устройство параллельно-последовательного информационного резервирования для повышения надежности и достоверности данных и минимизации ограничивающих факторов: уменьшения числа параллельно зарезервированных источников информации, времени старения информации, корреляция случайных помех, сбоев и самовосстанавливающихся отказов в информационно-управляющих системах. Представлены результаты математического моделирования работы устройства, по которым можно заключить что, если правильно сочетать параллельное и последовательное информационное резервирование, то можно оптимально сократить как число зарезервированных источников информации, так и число последовательных проверок для повышения достоверности данных. Разработка и использование устройства на основе комбинированного резервирования обеспечить высокую достоверность информации в информационно-управляющих систем, а также существенное снижение вероятности необнаружения и ложной тревоги в системах сигнализации опасных ситуаций.У статті розглянуті питання аналізу і оцінки підвищення достовірності резервування інформації в інформаційно-керуючих системах. Розроблено пристрій паралельно-послідовного інформаційного резервування для підвищення надійності та достовірності даних та мінімізації обмежуючих факторів: зменшення числа паралельно зарезервованих джерел інформації, часу старіння інформації, кореляція випадкових перешкод, збоїв і самовідновлюються відмов в інформаційно-керуючих системах. Представлені результати математичного моделювання роботи пристрою, за якими можна зробити висновок що, якщо правильно поєднувати паралельне і послідовне інформаційне резервування, то можна оптимально скоротити як число зарезервованих джерел інформації, так і кількість послідовних перевірок для підвищення достовірності даних. Розробка і використання пристрою на основі комбінованого резервування забезпечить високу достовірність інформації в інформаційно-управляючих системах, а також істотне знижує ймовірності невиявлення і помилкової тривоги в системах сигналізації небезпечних ситуацій

    Development of Structures of the Aircraft Fire Alarm System by Means of Nested Modules

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    Optimization of structures of information management systems is determined by the choice of such a functional structure that would ensure high reliability of information. When creating complex systems, there is the problem of ensuring high operational reliability of connection of a large number of separate elements into a single monolithic highly efficient information system. This problem is effectively solved by combining the elements of the system of controlled information sensors by means of nested modules.The mathematical model of parallel information redundancy based on polynomial distribution is developed. This model allows exploring the probability states of the fire alarm system, consisting of n parallel-connected identical sensors. As the state of the fire alarm system, indicators such as probabilities of correct detection, non-detection and false alarm are considered.On the basis of the proposed model, mathematical dependencies of the basic modules М2,3, М2,4 are obtained, taking into account the majority factor, and accordingly schematic diagrams of these modules on logic gates are developed.Mathematical dependences for the first (N6,9, N12,24) and second (L18,27, L48,96) hierarchies of connection of fire alarm system sensors, implementing the majority rule «m-out-of-n», taking into account their hierarchy are obtained.The generalized mathematical formulas for determining the number of logic AND gates in each specific structural circuit for nested modules of the first and second hierarchies, as well as the mathematical formula for n hierarchies, are proposed.Mathematical dependencies of the total economic gain, which consists in reducing the number of AND circuits for implementing the majority rule «m-out-of-n» using nested modules, are obtained.It is advisable to introduce structures of fire alarm systems on the basis of nested modules into production, as the reliability of information increases even with low reliability characteristics of the sensor

    Оцінка ефективності інформаційного резервування інформаційно-керуючих систем безпілотних літальних апаратів

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    The paper deals with the questions of analysis and estimation the methods of information reservation efficiency increase for information-control systems of unmanned aerial vehicles. The methods of parallel, sequential, modular and combined information reservation are considered in the article. A mathematical model for estimating efficiency the various kinds of information reservation is obtained in the article. The information criterion in the form of entropy is used as a criterion for estimation the effectiveness of information reservation. The information criterion is calculated as the difference the information entropy in the case of information reservation and the information entropy of a single source of information. This criterion can be used as a general criterion for assessing the quality of various methods of information reservation for information-control systems of unmanned aerial vehicles. Mathematical modeling of parallel, sequential, combined information reservation, modular information reservation of the first and second hierarchy is carried out in the work, provided that information sources are characterized by low reliability and veracity of information. According to the results of mathematical modeling, it is shown that the most informative is the modular information reservation of the second hierarchy, as well as the modular information reservation of the first hierarchy and the combined information reservation.Статья  посвящена  рассмотрению  вопроса  анализа  и  оценки  методов  повышения  эффективности информационного резервирования информационно-управляющих систем беспилотных летательных аппаратов. Рассмотрены  методы  параллельного,  последовательного,  модульного  и  комбинированного  информационного резервирования. Получена математическая модель оценки эффективности различных видов информационного резервирования.  В  качестве  критерия  для  оценки  эффективности  информационного  резервирования используется информационный  критерий,  представляющий  собой  разницу  энтропии  информации  при информационном  резервировании  и  энтропии единичного  источника  информации.  Данный  критерий  может быть использован как общий критерий оценки качества различных методов информационного резервирования для  информационно-управляющих  систем  беспилотных  летательных  аппаратов.  Проведено математическое моделирование  параллельного,  последовательного,  комбинированного  информационного  резервирования, модульного  информационного  резервирования  первой  и  второй  иерархии  при  условии,  что  источники информации  характеризуются  низкими  показателями  надежности  и  достоверности  информации.  По результатам  математического  моделирования  показано,  что  наиболее информативным  является  модульное информационное резервирование второй иерархии, а также модульное информационное резервирование первой иерархии и комбинированное информационное резервирование.Статтю присвячено розгляду питання аналізу та оцінки методів підвищення ефективності інформаційного резервування інформаційно-керуючих систем безпілотних літальних апаратів. Розглянуто методи паралельного, послідовного, модульного та комбінованого інформаційного резервування. Отримано математичну модель оцінки ефективності різних видів інформаційного резервування. В якості критерію для оцінки ефективності інформаційного резервування використовується інформаційний критерій, який представляє собою різницю ентропії інформації при інформаційному резервуванні та ентропії одиничного джерела інформації. Даний критерій може бути використаний як загальний критерій оцінки якості різних методів інформаційного резервування для інформаційно-керуючих систем безпілотних літальних апаратів. Проведено математичне моделювання паралельного, послідовного, комбінованого інформаційного резервування, модульного інформаційного резервування першої та другої ієрархії за умови, що джерела інформації характеризуються низькими показниками надійності та достовірності інформації. За результатами математичного моделювання показано, що найбільш інформативним є модульне інформаційне резервування другої ієрархії, а також модульне інформаційне резервування першої ієрархії та комбіноване інформаційне резервування

    Acute pancreatitis: an under-recognized risk of percutaneous transhepatic distal biliary intervention

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    Objective: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary intervention (PTBI) plays an important role in the management of biliary obstruction, and this may be complicated by acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of acute pancreatitis following PTBI. Patients and methods: Patients who underwent PTBI between January 1992 and December 2003 in a tertiary referral centre were identified from the hospital database. Patients who did not have their amylase measured post-procedure were excluded, as acute pancreatitis might have been missed. Acute pancreatitis was defined as hyperamylasaemia of three times or more above normal in association with abdominal pain. Results: Over a 12-year period, 331 patients underwent 613 procedures. Serum amylase was measured after 134 procedures (21.9%) and was elevated in 26 of those (19.4%). There was no difference in the frequency of hyperamylasaemia between proximal and distal PTBI (14/73 [19.2%] vs 12/61 [19.7%] procedures, p=NS). However, acute pancreatitis developed after 4 of 61 (6.6%) distal PTBI (stent, n=3; internal–external catheter insertion, n=1) but not after proximal PTBI (cholangiography or external drainage) (p=0.041). The attacks were mild in three of the four patients. No pancreatitis-related deaths occurred. Conclusion: The risk of acute pancreatitis after distal PTBI is under-recognized and should be considered as a consent issue in patients scheduled for distal PTBI and when post-procedure abdominal pain ensues
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