An Overview Influence of Nursing in Compliance to Infection Control

This review was conducted through searching the literature via electronic databases; Medline, Embase, and PubMed, for all relevant studies that were published up to the middle of 2021. With susceptible residents sharing sources of air, food, water, and health care within an institutional setting, the nursing home environment is highly conducive to infection acquisition and spread. An educational program should be implemented to help improve nursing knowledge and attitudes toward infection prevention

An Overview of Sickle Cell Disease Vaso Occlusive Crisis and Approaches to Management

Early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of a vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) are critical to the management of patients with sickle cell disease. Literature search conducted through electronic databases, such as PUBMED, EMBASE. We aimed to discuss the proper management of VOC, after emphasizing the mechanism and complications of VOC in SCD. Vaso- occlusive crisis in people with SCD is a multifactorial process identified by inflammation, attachment, and multicellular aggregation of sickled RBCs, endothelial cells, platelets, and also other blood cells, resulting in vaso-occlusion and acute extreme pain

An Overview Pharmacist\u27s Role in Preventing Measures Toward Antibiotic Resistance

The issue of antimicrobial medication resistance is a significant global concern. Drug discovery plays a crucial role in addressing present treatment gaps and enhancing established therapeutic methods. However, due to the extensive research duration and substantial expenses involved in introducing novel drugs to the market, focusing on the development of new drugs that target drug-resistant microbes with harmful effects may not be the most optimal approach. The literature was systematically evaluated using databases to identify all relevant research published until the beginning of 2022. In order to uncover novel classes of antibiotics, there is a pressing need for the development of innovative methodologies in rational design and screening-based approaches. The advancement of efficient molecular methodologies for the identification of resistance genes, as well as the exploration of diagnostic biomarkers such as procalcitonin for the purpose of guiding the discontinuation of antibiotic treatment, holds significant value in the effort to mitigate antibiotic usage

Lung granuloma: A clinicopathologic study of 158 cases

Background and Aims: A granuloma is a common pathological diagnosis in lung biopsies and is caused by a variety of etiologies. The aim of this study was to assess the etiology and frequency of different cases of lung granulomas. Methods: The medical records of all patients who had lung granulomas between 2005 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the histological features of the granulomas, along with the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings, an attempt was made to identify the etiology of the granuloma in each case. Results: A total of 158 patients with lung biopsy specimens showing lung granulomas were identified. The histological findings revealed necrotizing granulomas in 92 (58%) of the cases and nonnecrotizing granulomas in 66 (42%). A definite etiology was determined in 133 cases (84%), whereas in 26 cases (16%), the etiology could not be identified despite an extensive workup. Infection was the most frequent cause of granuloma, accounting for 105 cases (66%). Mycobacterial tuberculosis (TB) was the type of infection that caused the largest number of granulomas, and was responsible for 100 cases (63%). Among the noninfectious etiologies of lung granuloma, sarcoidosis was the most common cause, accounting for 20 (13%) of the cases. Conclusions: Mycobacterial TB and sarcoidosis are the most common causes of lung granulomas in our region. In a substantial proportion of cases, the cause may not be identified despite an extensive workup

Automatic Partitioning of Large Scale Simulation in Grid Computing for Run Time Reduction

Simulating large-scale systems usually entails exhaustive computational powers and lengthy execution times. The goal of this research is to reduce execution time of large-scale simulations without sacrificing their accuracy by partitioning a monolithic model into multiple pieces automatically and executing them in a distributed computing environment. While this partitioning allows us to distribute required computational power to multiple computers, it creates a new challenge of synchronizing the partitioned models. In this article, a partitioning methodology based on a modified Prim’s algorithm is proposed to minimize the overall simulation execution time considering 1) internal computation in each of the partitioned models and 2) time synchronization between them. In addition, the authors seek to find the most advantageous number of partitioned models from the monolithic model by evaluating the tradeoff between reduced computations vs. increased time synchronization requirements. In this article, epoch- based synchronization is employed to synchronize logical times of the partitioned simulations, where an appropriate time interval is determined based on the off-line simulation analyses. A computational grid framework is employed for execution of the simulations partitioned by the proposed methodology. The experimental results reveal that the proposed approach reduces simulation execution time significantly while maintaining the accuracy as compared with the monolithic simulation execution approach

Integrated Exon Level Expression Analysis of Driver Genes Explain Their Role in Colorectal Cancer

<div><p>Integrated analysis of genomic and transcriptomic level changes holds promise for a better understanding of colorectal cancer (CRC) biology. There is a pertinent need to explain the functional effect of genome level changes by integrating the information at the transcript level. Using high resolution cytogenetics array, we had earlier identified driver genes by ‘Genomic Identification of Significant Targets In Cancer (GISTIC)’ analysis of paired tumour-normal samples from colorectal cancer patients. In this study, we analyze these driver genes at three levels using exon array data – gene, exon and network. Gene level analysis revealed a small subset to experience differential expression. These results were reinforced by carrying out separate differential expression analyses (SAM and LIMMA). ATP8B1 was found to be the novel gene associated with CRC that shows changes at cytogenetic, gene and exon levels. Splice index of 29 exons corresponding to 13 genes was found to be significantly altered in tumour samples. Driver genes were used to construct regulatory networks for tumour and normal groups. There were rearrangements in transcription factor genes suggesting the presence of regulatory switching. The regulatory pattern of AHR gene was found to have the most significant alteration. Our results integrate data with focus on driver genes resulting in highly enriched novel molecules that need further studies to establish their role in CRC.</p></div

Differentially regulated genes found to have incoherent expression levels and genomic changes.

<p>AA  =  Fold change value as calculated by AltAnalyze program.</p><p>EC  =  Fold change value as calculated by Expression Console program.</p><p>TF  =  Transcription Factor. Unknown is the TF that is not found in the driver genes.</p><p>Differentially regulated genes found to have incoherent expression levels and genomic changes.</p

Core Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes using IPA.

<p>Core analysis using IPA was carried out using set of 760 genes that were differentially expressed in tumour samples. Important biological functions (a) pathways (b) and networks (c-e) were revealed by this analysis.</p