Blood tumour necrosis factor-α and the pathogenesis of anaemia in Trypanosoma brucei infected rabbits

Trypanosomosis is a protozoan infection of domestic and wild animals characterized by anaemia, however, the pathogenesis of trypanosomosis-induced anaemia is not fully understood. This study evaluated the possible roles of Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of anaemia induced by Trypanosoma brucei in rabbits. Twelve adult rabbits of both sexes with mean weight of 2.1 ± 0.1kg were randomly assigned into two groups of six rabbits each. Group A rabbits were intraperitoneally (i.p) infected with blood containing 2 x 106/ml of T. brucei, while group B (control) rabbits were injected with one ml of normal saline i.p. Blood was collected from the ear vein before infection and weekly thereafter for six weeks post-infection (p.i), in order to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, red blood cell (RBC) count, reticulocyte count (RC) and serum concentrations of TNF-α. The PCV, RBC count and Hb concentration were significantly (p<0.05) lower in group A than group B rabbits throughout the duration of the study. Serum concentration of TNF-α was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group A (227.5 ± 8.1 ng/ml) than group B (51.3 ± 8.2 ng/ml) at week four post-infection. The serum concentration of TNF-α negatively correlated with PCV (r=-0.513) and Hb (r=-0.769) in group A. The study concluded that anaemia observed during experimental infection in rabbits with trypanosomosis was associated with increased levels of TNF-α.Keywords: Anaemia, Rabbits, Pathogenesis, Trypanosomosis, Tumour Necrosis Factor-

The Nasal Bacterial Flora Changes in Experimental Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus and its Co-Infection with Mannheimia Hemolytica in Goats.

The study into the nasal bacterial flora changes associated with common viral and bacterial complicated viral pneumonia in subsaharan goats and its implications in the treatment plans is scanty in literatures. This investigation was part of a larger study that involved fifty apparently healthy West Africa Dwarf goats (WAD) of six months of age that were divided into groups A, B and C of 15 goats each while 5 goats served as control. Group A goats were infected with 1ml of pure culture (1 X 109 CFU) of Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) A2, group B with 1ml of pure cultured 106.5 TCID50 Peste des petit Ruminants (PPR) virus grown in Baby hamster kidney cell lines and group C with 1 ml of PPRV and a week later 1ml of MH A2. Nasal swabs were collected from each goat weekly while the identification and bacterial count of the isolates were carried out using standard methods. Student t-test was used to test for significant differences. In group B, the colonies of Mannheimia hemolytica was significantly increased from the third week pi, while that of group C, increased significantly from the second week pi (

The clinical and Pathological features of experimental Mannheimia Hemolytica A2 infectionin West African Dwarf Goats.

Mannheimiosis due to Mannheimia hemolytica was experimental y induced in 15 six -month-old West african dwarf goats by intratracheal inoculation of 1 x 109 colony-forming units of four hour log-phase Mannheimia hemolytica serotype A:2 with five goats serving as controls. The clinical signs were observed and two goats were euthanized at predeterminedintervals for bacteriological and pathological investigations on tissues col ected using standard techniques. The clinical signs in order of manifestation were anorexia, pyrexia, dyspnea, nasal discharge, recumbency and death. The prominent lesions observed at necropsy were pulmonary congestion and edema with consolidation and pleural adhesionsof the apical lobes, fibrinous pleurisy as wel as, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages of skeletal muscles. The average percentage lung consolidation for the infection was 10.0% with no significant sex variation (P>0.05) and the right lung was more affected (p0,05) et le poumon droit était le plus touché (

Comparative susceptibility of vero and baby hamster kidney cell lines to PPR virus

This study was undertaken to assess the comparative susceptibility of the different cell lines to PPRV using virus isolation by Vero and BHK cell lines from field samples. The inoculated BHK and Vero cells supported the growth of the virus with syncytia formation more commonly observed in the BHK cells while vacuolation and cell disintegration were more marked in Vero cells. When the virus was passaged from Vero cells to Vero cells, the CPE occurred on the fourth day while passaging from Vero cells to BHK cells, revealed CPE in three days. The onset of CPE and its pattern was earlier and more prominent in BHK than in Vero cells. This could be due to species difference in the origin of the two cell lines and the receptors for attachment and replication. As BHK cell line was not routinely used for primary isolation, results obtained in this study showed that the virus titres obtained are usually higher, the CPE produced clearer, and the onset ofCPE development shorter hence it can the be good for primary isolation of PPRV