The Significance of Using LOD in Japanese Physical Education : Focusing on the Acquisition of a Variety of Movement

　本研究では，世界的に認知されているルドルフ・ラバンの運動形態理論を基に開発されたLOD（Language of Dance）に着目し，LODに関する国内外の歴史的経緯と現況を概観した上で，日本国内で求められている身体教育の方向性を視野に入れながら，LODを導入することの意味について検討を行った。その結果，「多様な動き」の系統性をもった学びが求められている現在の日本の身体教育の現状において，身体の動きの「言語系統図」を構築するべく作られたLODは，多様性のある動きの学習のみならず，系統的な動きの学びという課題についても参照するべき内容を提供すると考えられた

Reactions to Bioabsorbable Suture Thread Embedded in Rat Subcutaneous Tissue

We examined the subcutaneous tissue reactions in rats to bioabsorbable suture thread using histopathological methods. Using Wister rats, Vicryl®, a bioabsorbable suture thread, was embedded into the subcutaneous tissue and histopathological examination was carried out after 4 weeks. Cholesterin crystals were used for the control. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry for CD68 was done. Histopathological examination showed proliferation of granulation tissues inboth experimental and control groups. The majority of cells in the granulation tissues were macrophages and giant cells. Fibroblasts were also observed in the proliferating granulation tissues surrounding the embedded bioabsorbable suturethread. Immunohistochemistry revealed that macrophages and giant cells were positive to CD68. The results suggest that the embedded bioabsorbable suture thread is not only fabricated to undergo absorption but also for phagocytosis bymacrophages and foreign body giant cells

Nursing students' learning experiences of pediatric nursing practice in kindergarten : learning contents' trait and significance of the context of fundamental education-

小児看護学実習における学生の学習経験を明らかにすることを目的として、研究を行った.H大学の小児看護学実習を経験した学生117名を対象に、まとめのカンファレンス・ノート記録2年分を資料とし、KJ法を用いて分析した.本稿では、幼稚園実習に焦点を当て報告する.1.幼稚園実習における学生の学習経験は、【自分の力を生かしている子どものありようの理解】【子どもの現実に身を置く言動や態度の習得】の2つのカテゴリーから構成されていた.2.【自分の力を生かしている子どものありようの理解】【子どもの現実に身を置く言動や態度の習得】の2つのカテゴリー間には、相反する内容と共通する内容が存在していた.共通する内容としては遊びがあり、全体としては、相互に作用していた.3.幼稚園実習の意義として、子どもの主体性や生き生きしさに対応する大人の役割認識と遊びの認識、そして、子どもに学ぶ人との関わりの豊かさへの実感が示唆された.4.教育への示唆として、小児看護に重要な子どものトータルケアに繋がる実践的な子ども観の涵養、観察やコミュニケーション技術の基盤となる見ること、聞くことの体験という基礎教育における幼稚園実習の役割の一旦を知ることができた.This research was undertaken to investigate the learning experiences of students in the context of. pediatric nursing practice. We conducted an analysis (using the KJ method) targeting 117 students who had pediatric nursing practice experience at H University, using two years of summarized conference notes as materials. This paper presents a report with a focus on learning experience in kindergarten. 1) Nursing students' learning experiences in kindergarten can be divided into two main categories: "Understanding of the nature of children expressing their strengths and abilities" and "Learning language and behavior from the perspective of a childs reality" 2) A comparison of these two categories showed both contrasting elements and common elements. "Play" -which was one of the common elements- interacted with all of the other elements present. 3) This is an indication of the significance of pediatric nursing practice in kindergartern : during this research, we got a strong sense of an awareness of "play" and an awareness of the adults role in response to the childs sense of identity and vitality. 4) In terms of the implications for education in general, we were able to grasp, to some extent, the role of training in kindergarten among the context of fundamental education - that is, the experience of watching and listening, which forms the foundation of observation and communication skills, as well as practical skills in cultivating the child's sense of self. All of these tie into the concept of “total care,” an important concept for nursing care of children and families in general

Incidence, clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of postoperative symptomatic venous thromboembolism: a retrospective cohort study

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of postoperative symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Japan. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. Two data sets, Contemporary ManageMent AND outcomes in patients with Venous ThromboEmbolism (COMMAND VTE) Registry and Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists (JSA) annual report, were used for current analyses. SETTING: Eighteen of 29 centres participated in the COMMAND VTE Registry. PARTICIPANTS: Acute symptomatic patients with VTE who had undergone surgery 2 months prior to the diagnosis at 18 centres from January 2010 to December 2013 were identified in the COMMAND VTE Registry. From each centre's JSA annual report, the overall population that had received anaesthetic management during this period was retrieved. INTERVENTIONS: None. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the incidences and clinical characteristics of postoperative symptomatic VTE. The secondary outcomes were recurrent VTE, major bleeding and all-cause death. RESULTS: We identified 137 patients with postoperative symptomatic VTE, including 57 patients with pulmonary embolism. The incidences of postoperative symptomatic VTE and pulmonary embolism were 0.067% and 0.028%, respectively, based on data from 2 03 943 patients who underwent surgery, managed by anaesthesiologists, during the study period. The incidences of postoperative symptomatic VTE varied widely, depending on surgical and anaesthetic characteristics. Postoperative symptomatic VTE occurred at a median of 8 days after surgery, with 58 patients (42%) diagnosed within 7 days. The cumulative incidence, 30 days after VTE, of recurrent VTE, major bleeding, and all-cause death was 3.0%, 5.2%, and 3.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study, combining the large real-world VTE and anaesthesiology databases in Japan revealed the incidence, clinical features and prognosis of postoperative symptomatic VTE, providing useful insights for all healthcare providers involved in various surgeries. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable

Incidence and Risk Factors for Infections Requiring Hospitalization, Including Pneumocystis Pneumonia, in Japanese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be complicated by different infections, but risk factors for these are not fully elucidated. Here, we assessed the incidence of and risk factors for infections requiring hospitalization (IRH) including pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in patients with RA. Methods. We retrospectively surveyed all RA patients treated at our hospital from 2009 to 2013, for whom data were available on demographic features, medications, comorbidities, and severity of RA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for factors associated with the occurrence of IRH. Results. In a total of 9210 patient-years (2688 patients), there were 373 IRH (3.7/100 patient-years). Respiratory tract infections were most frequent (, and additionally 16 PCP), followed by urinary tract infections (). Significant factors for PCP included higher age (≥70 years; OR 3.5), male sex (6.6), underlying lung disease (3.0), use of corticosteroids (4.8), and use of biologics (5.4). Use of methotrexate (5.7) was positively associated with PCP but negatively with total infections (0.7). Additionally, functional disorders and higher RA disease activity were also related to total infections. Conclusions. Risk factors for infection should be taken into account when deciding treatment for the individual RA patient

Absorption characteristics of model compounds with different molecular weights from the serosal caecal surface in rats

The purpose of this study is to clarify the absorption characteristics of drugs across the serosal cecal surface membrane occupying a large absorption area in the peritoneal cavity in rats. Absorptions of phenolsulphonphthalein (PSP) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FDs) as model drugs after application to the rat serosal cecal surface were investigated in rats, employing a cylindrical diffusion cell. PSP was absorbed from the rat serosal cecal surface, followed by appearance in the plasma and bile. The time course of the remaining PSP amount in the diffusion cell obeyed first-order kinetics, and its rate constant Ka was calculated to be 8.01 x 10-3 min-1. No significant difference was seen in the absorption ratio of PSP which was approximately 90 % in 6 h among three doses (0.3, 0.5 and 1 mg), suggesting a linearity of absorption. Moreover, the absorption ratios of FDs from the rat serosal cecal surface at 3 h decreased with an increase in the molecular weight (24.7% for FD-4, 12.8% for FD-10 and 3.4% for FD-40)

Delivery advantage to the unilateral kidney by direct drug application to the kidney surface in rats and pharmacokinetic verification based on a physiological model

The objective of this study was to evaluate the drug delivery advantage to the unilateral kidney by direct drug application to the rat kidney surface based on a physiological pharmacokinetic model. Under anesthesia, a cylindrical diffusion cell (i.d. 6 mm, area 0.28 cm(2)) was attached to the right kidney surface in rats. Phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP), an organic anion chosen as a model compound, was added into the diffusion cell. The free PSP concentration in the right (applied) kidney after application to the right kidney surface at a dose of 1 mg was significantly higher than that of the left (non-applied) kidney until 60 min after application. Similarly, the urinary excretion rate of free PSP from the applied kidney was much faster than that from the non-applied kidney, with a 2.6 times larger excreted amount in 240 min. These results imply the possibility that a considerable drug delivery advantage to the unilateral kidney could be obtained after direct absorption from the kidney surface. This tendency was also observed at the other application doses of 0.3 and 1.5 mg. On the other hand, fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (Mw 4400, FD-4) was equally excreted into the urine from each kidney and the renal concentrations in the applied and non-applied kidneys were almost the same, possibly due to the involvement of passive transport for the absorbed FD-4, i.e. glomerular filtration. The computer simulations of free PSP concentrations in the plasma and each kidney based on a physiological model after kidney surface application were consistent with the respective experimental data. Moreover, the delivery advantage of kidney surface application of PSP was verified by its comparison with other routes such as i.v. and i.a. administrations

Targeting critical kinases and anti-apoptotic molecules overcomes steroid resistance in MLL-rearranged leukaemia.

BACKGROUND: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with mixed lineage leukaemia gene rearrangement (MLL-ALL) frequently affects infants and is associated with a poor prognosis. Primary refractory and relapsed disease due to resistance to glucocorticoids (GCs) remains a substantial hurdle to improving clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to overcome GC resistance of MLL-ALL. METHODS: Using leukaemia patient specimens, we performed bioinformatic analyses to identify target genes/pathways. To test inhibition of target pathways in vivo, we created pre-clinical therapeutic mouse patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-models by transplanting human MLL-ALL leukaemia initiating cells (LIC) into immune-deficient NSG mice. Finally, we conducted B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) homology domain 3 (BH3) profiling to identify BH3 peptides responsible for treatment resistance in MLL-leukaemia. FINDINGS: Src family kinases (SFKs) and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) signaling pathway were over-represented in MLL-ALL cells. PDX-models of infant MLL- ALL recapitulated GC-resistance in vivo but RK-20449, an inhibitor of SFKs and FLT3 eliminated human MLL-ALL cells in vivo, overcoming GC-resistance. Further, we identified BCL-2 dependence as a mechanism of treatment resistance in MLL-ALL through BH3 profiling. Furthermore, MLL-ALL cells resistant to RK-20449 treatment were dependent on the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein for their survival. Combined inhibition of SFKs/FLT3 by RK-20449 and of BCL-2 by ABT-199 led to substantial elimination of MLL-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo. Triple treatment combining GCs, RK-20449 and ABT-199 resulted in complete elimination of MLL-ALL cells in vivo. INTERPRETATION: SFKs/FLT3 signaling pathways are promising targets for treatment of treatment-resistant MLL-ALL. Combined inhibition of these kinase pathways and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 successfully eliminated highly resistant MLL-ALL and demonstrated a new treatment strategy for treatment-resistant poor-outcome MLL-ALL. FUNDING: This study was supported by RIKEN (RIKEN President\u27s Discretionary Grant) for FI, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (the Basic Science and Platform Technology Program for Innovative Biological Medicine for FI and by NIH CA034196 for LDS. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation nor writing of the report