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Not AvailableThe study describes genetic grouping and molecular epidemiology of bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) through cloning of partial glycoprotein B gene of BoHV-1 isolates, with special reference to isolates recovered from cattle breeding stations. Samples were collected from 212 animals (91 bulls and 121 female cattle). Avidin-biotin ELISA employed on serum samples found 74 animals as seropositive for BoHV-1. On inoculation of 212 semen/swab samples to MDBK cell line for virus isolation, samples of 4 seropositive and 5 seronegative animals yielded cytopathic changes characteristic of BoHV-1. Partial gB gene of these isolates were cloned in pGEM T vector, nucleotide sequences were deduced and phylogenetic tree was constructed. Sequence analysis grouped 5 of these isolates under BoHV-1.1 cluster having highest sequence identities with previously described Indian, European and Brazilian isolates of BoHV-1.1. The other 4 isolates were clustered as BoHV-1.2 subtypes having 100% sequence identity with European strain of BoHV- 1.2. We found that, apparently healthy, seronegative animals can be sources of BoHV-1, attributable to the unique pathogenesis/ latency of BoHV-1. This finding necessitates mandatory culling of breeding animals which are positive either in antigen detection or by serology, especially in countries which do not practice vaccination but report high seroprevalance of BoHV-1.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePresent paper describes the dynamics of bovine herpes virus-1(BoHV-1) in breeding cattle under different housing, feeding and watering practices. Organized breeding farms A, B, C, D were selected for this study. In farm A, the animals were housed in large open shed with common grazing and drinking area. Farm B had individual pens with separate feeding facility but with common watering/drinking facility. Farm C had had individual pens, with separate feeding and drinking facility for each animal. Farm D possessed modern individual housing system with separate feeding, drinking facility, restricted personnel entry and better bio-security set up. The blood and semen samples / vaginal swabs were collected from 177 animals. Avidin- biotin ELISA recorded BoHV-1 antibodies in 56, 38.77, 21.05 and 17.5% animals in farm A, B, C and D respectively. A TaqMan probe real time PCR targeting the BoHV-1 gB gene was standardised and this assay detected BoHV-1 in 11, 3 and 3 animals in Farm A, B and C respectively. None of the samples collected from Farm D were positive for BoHV-1 by real time PCR. The study recorded higher seroprevalence as well as virus transmission in farms that had housing systems allowing closer animal to animal contacts. In view of the different modes adopted by BoHV-1 in transmission through susceptible populations, the study recommends better bio-secured housing systems that avoid closer animal to animal contacts, for production of BoHV-1 free semen and calves at breeding stations.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableRabies viral nucleoprotein is proven to be antigenic and immunogenic in nature. Monoclonal antibody binding characterises the Rabies viral nucleoproteins immune reactivity. However, studies on reactivity of nucleoproteins to polyclonal antibodies are limited. In this study, a partial Rabies viral nucleoprotein gene of 516 bp was cloned into a pET 32a vector, and prokaryotic expression was induced to obtain a protein of 24.1 kDa. The protein obtained was further characterised by Western blot and indirect ELISA. Our research discovered Rabies nucleoprotein immune reactivity in polyclonal sera and suspected that the epitopes are conformational in nature. This study adds to the limited number of polyclonal sera based studies on Rabies nucleoprotein.Not Availabl