DJELOVANJE DATUMA SIJANJA NA RAST I PRINOS SLATKE PAPRIKE (CAPSICUM ARUNUM L)

An experiment was carried out at the Horticultural farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, during September 2006 to April 2007 to investigate growth and yield of sweet pepper as influenced by sowing date. There were seven levels of sowing date viz. September 1, September 15, October 1, October 15, October 30, November 15 and November 30. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were recorded on various parameters and statistically analyzed. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the majority of growth parameters and yield components were significantly increased at the earlier sowing (October 1). The highest yield (19.36 t/ha) of fruit was recorded from the earlier sowing (October 1) with the spacing (50×30 cm) which also gave the highest benefit cost ratio (4.58). Considering the yield of fruits per hectare, cost of production and net return, the treatment combinations of October 1 sowing appeared to be recommendable for the cultivation of sweet pepper.Na poljoprivrednoj farmi Zavoda za istraživanja u poljoprivredi Bangladeša u Joydepuru, Gazipur, obavljen je pokus od rujna 2006. do travnja 2007. da se istraži rast i prinos slatke paprike pod utjecajem datuma sijanja. Sijanje je obavljeno na sedam datuma, tj. 1. rujna, 15. rujna, 1. listopada, 15. listopada, 30. listopada, 15. studenog i 30. studenog. Pokus je postavljen u slučajnom potpunom bloku s tri ponavljanja. Podaci su bilježeni za različite parametre i statistički analizirani. Rezultati pokusa su pokazali da je većina parametara rasta i prinosa značajno porasla s ranijim sijanjem (1. listopada). Najveći prinos (19,36 t/ha) plodova zabilježen je za raniju sjetvu (1. listopada) uz razmak od 50x30cm, što je također dalo najviši/najbolji omjer koristi i troškova (4,58). Uzevši u obzir prinos plodova po hektaru, troškove proizvodnje i neto povrat sijanje 1. listopada može se preporučiti za uzgoj slatke paprike

Mutational networks of escape from transmitted HIV-1 infection

This is the final version. Available on open access from the Public Library of Science via the DOI in this recordData availability: The sequence data are available in the Dryad Data Depository, DOI: doi:10.5061/dryad.r19c2 Data files: HIV envelope sequences Seroconverter HIV subtype B envelope sequences.Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is subject to immune selective pressure soon after it establishes infection at the founder stage. As an individual progresses from the founder to chronic stage of infection, immune pressure forces a history of mutations that are embedded in envelope sequences. Determining this pathway of coevolving mutations can assist in understanding what is different with the founder virus and the essential pathways it takes to maintain infection. We have combined operations research and bioinformatics methods to extract key networks of mutations that differentiate founder and chronic stages for 156 subtype B and 107 subtype C envelope (gp160) sequences. The chronic networks for both subtypes revealed strikingly different hub-and-spoke topologies compared to the less structured transmission networks. This suggests that the hub nodes are impacted by the immune response and the resulting loss of fitness is compensated by mutations at the spoke positions. The major hubs in the chronic C network occur at positions 12, 137 (within the N136 glycan), and 822, and at position 306 for subtype B. While both founder networks had a more heterogeneous connected network structure, interestingly founder B subnetworks around positions 640 and 837 preferentially contained CD4 and coreceptor binding domains. Finally, we observed a differential effect of glycosylation between founder and chronic subtype B where the latter had mutational pathways significantly driven by N-glycosylation. Our study provides insights into the mutational pathways HIV takes to evade the immune response, and presents features more likely to establish founder infection, valuable for effective vaccine design.Australian Research Council (ARC

Izvala maternice i rodnice u križanih krava: prevalencija, klinička slika i liječenje preinačenim Bühnerovim postupkom upotrebom infuzijske cjevčice kao šivaćeg materijala.

Eighty-six cows presented for treatment of genital prolapse (uterine - 44 and vaginal - 42) were included in this study. Vaginal prolapse mostly occurred during advanced pregnancy and uterine prolapse following parturition. At the time of examination, most of the animals with uterine prolapse were recumbent, while those with vaginal prolapse were standing. The highest prevalence of genital prolapse was recorded in crossbred Jersey cows around the 2nd parturition during the autumn season. The number of cases with grade 1 vaginal prolapse was highest (52.38%) followed by grade 3 (33.33%) and grade 2 (14.29%) respectively. Grade 1 vaginal prolapse could be managed successfully by exogenous progesterone therapy (500 mg hydroxyprogesterone i.m. two times at weekly interval) along with hind quarter elevation in 45.45% cases (10/22); however, in the remaining 54.55% cases the prolapse was converted to grade 2. A few (27%) animals with uterine prolapse were simultaneously suffering from milk fever, dystocia and retained fetal membranes. In all the cows with grade 2 and 3 vaginal prolapse, and also those with uterine prolapse, the mass was repositioned following the standard technique under caudal epidural analgesia. A modified Bühner’s technique, using sterile infusion set tubing as suture material, was effective in retention of the mass in all the cows. Complications and disfigurement of the vulvar area were not noticed, even in cases where the suture was kept in-situ for a prolonged period.U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 86 krava: 44 s izvalom maternice, a 42 s izvalom rodnice. Izvala rodnice pretežno se javljala u visokom stupnju bređosti, a maternice nakon telenja. Za vrijeme pretrage većina krava s izvalom maternice je ležala, dok su one s izvalom rodnice stajale. Izvala spolnih organa najčešće je ustanovljena u križanih Jersey krava prilikom drugoga telenja i to u jesen. Broj slučajeva prvog stupnja izvale rodnice bio je najveći (52,38%). Slijedi broj izvala trećeg stupnja (33,33%) te drugog stupnja (14,29%). Prvi stupanj izvale rodnice bio je uspješno izliječen u 45,45% slučajeva (10/22) davanjem 500 mg hidroksiprogesterona intramuskularno dvaput tjedno uz podizanje stražnjeg dijela tijela. U ostalih 54,55% slučajeva izvala je prešla u drugi stupanj. U manjeg broja (27%) životinja s izvalom maternice bila je ustanovljena mliječna vrućica, težak porođaj i zaostajanje posteljice. U svih krava s drugim i trećim stupnjem izvale rodnice i onih s izvalom maternice, organi su bili vraćeni u normalan položaj standardnim postupkom uz kaudalnu epiduralnu anesteziju. Preinačen Bühnerov postupak upotrebom sterilne infuzijske cjevčice kao šivaćeg materijala pokazao se učinkovitim u liječenju svih krava. Komplikacije i promjene oblika stidnice nisu primijećene čak ni u slučajevima kad je šav duže vrijeme ostao in situ

Intravenous paracetamol for relief of pain during transrectal-ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Transrectal-ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PBx) is the standard procedure for diagnosing prostate cancer. The procedure does cause some pain and discomfort; therefore, an adequate analgesia is necessary to ensure patient comfort, which can also facilitate good-quality results. This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study aimed to determine if intravenous (IV) paracetamol can reduce the severity of pain associated with TRUS-PBx. The study included 104 patients, scheduled to undergo TRUS-PBx with a suspicion of prostate cancer, that were prospectively randomized to receive either IV paracetamol (paracetamol group) or placebo (placebo group) 30 minutes prior to TRUS-PBx. All patients had 12 standardized biopsy samples taken. Pain was measured using a 10-point visual analog pain scale during probe insertion, during the biopsy procedure, and 1 hour postbiopsy. All biopsies were performed by the same urologist, whereas a different urologist administered the visual analog pain scale. There were not any significant differences in age, prostatespecific antigen level, or prostate volume between the two groups. The pain scores were significantly lower during probe insertion, biopsy procedure, and 1 hour postbiopsy in the paracetamol group than in the placebo group. In conclusion, the IV administration of paracetamol significantly reduced the severity of pain associated with TRUS- PBx. Copyright (C) 2015, Kaohsiung Medical University. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved

In-region Authentication

Location information has wide applications in customization and personalization of services, as well as secure authentication and access control. We introduce {\em in-Region Authentication (inRA)}, a novel type of authentication, that allows a prover to prove to a set of cooperating verifiers that they are in possession of the correct secret key, and are inside a specified (policy) region of arbitrary shape. These requirements naturally arise when a privileged service is offered to registered users within an area. Locating a prover without assuming GPS (Global Positioning System) signal however, incurs error. We discuss the challenge of designing secure protocols that have quantifiable error in this setting, define and formalize correctness and security properties of the protocols, and propose a systematic approach to designing a family of protocols with provable security where error can be flexibly defined and efficiently minimized. We give a concrete instance of this family that starts with two verifiers, prove its security and evaluate its application to four different policy regions. Our results show that in all cases false acceptance and false rejection of below $6\%$ can be achieved. We compare our results with related works, and propose directions for future research

Anonymous Distance-Bounding Identification

Anonymous Distance-Bounding (DB) protocols allow a prover to convince a verifier that they are within a distance bound from them, without revealing their identity. This is an attractive property that enables the prover to enjoy proximity based services, while their privacy is maintained. Combination of anonymity and distance-bounding however introduces new security challenges. We consider two new realistic attacks: a physical layer attack that uses directional antenna, and a collusion attack that involves multiple users. We show all existing anonymous DB protocols become insecure against at least one of these attacks, and then propose a new security model that captures these new attacks, and finally construct two protocols with provable security in this model. Our protocols are the only known anonymous DB protocols with provable security against known attacks