Knowledge of cervical cancer, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and HPV vaccination among primary health care workers in the Mamusa and Naledi sub districs

Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in Family Medicine. Johannesburg, September 2017.Introduction: Cervical cancer is a very common female cancer; with up to 524,000 cases being diagnosed annually worldwide.1 Human papilloma virus (HPV) has long been established as the causative factor in the development of cervical cancer.2, 3 HPV vaccination has been found to drastically reduce the development of cervical cancer especially if administered to young people before their sexual debut. This study was to assess the knowledge of primary health care workers in the Mamusa and Naledi sub-districts in the North West Province about cervical cancer, HPV and the HPV vaccine. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done with 116 primary health care workers using a self-administered questionnaire that was derived from a duet of questionnaires previously used in Poland and Australia. Adequate knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV vaccination meant getting 70% of the questions asked on the subject correctly while a threshold of 80% was used for adequate knowledge of HPV vaccination. All categories of primary health workers were included in the study asides from pharmacists who were excluded. Descriptive statistics, tests of association and logistic regression analysis was used in the study. The survey was done between September to November 2016 following ethics approval from the University of Witwatersrand. Results: 116 participants were involved in this study. The majority were black female professional nurses with diplomas. The mean age of the participants was 36.6 ± 8.7 years. Only 26% of the respondents had adequate knowledge of cervical cancer. 41% of respondents had adequate knowledge of HPV, while 67% of respondents had adequate knowledge about HPV vaccination. In our study, we found a significant association between knowledge of HPV and the health care worker category (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between knowledge of HPV vaccination and the highest educational level that was attained by the respondents (p= 0.010). Conclusion: Primary health care workers form an integral part in the fight against cervical cancer. Significant gaps still exist in the level of knowledge of health care workers, particularly in relation to cervical cancer and HPV. Improved learning and training opportunities for primary health care workers can help correct the knowledge deficitLG201

An assessment of the Health and Social Economic implications of satchet water in Ibadan Nigeria: A Public Health challenge

The inadequacy of pipe borne water in Ibadan Metropolis is almost endemic. This inadequacy is both in quantity and quality of the public water supply. As an alternative to the water supply, small scale industrial concerns came up with ‘PURE WATER’: 0.5Litre water in nylon sachets, which are electrically heated, sealed at both ends and widely patronized by both low and middle class Nigerians. The objective of the study was to find out the quality of such pure water. Stratified, simple random sampling procedures were used to select 78 samples from 20 brands of sachet water from important hawkers/vendors. The samples were subjected to physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis. For chemical analysis, Hanna’s 100 spectrophotometer plus chemical reagents were used. The water samples were assessed for coliform and other intestinal bacteria using MKC cowkery broth (MM) and Brilliant Green Bile Broth (BGBB). Multiple tube method was employed. The result showed that the physical parameters were within W.H.O limits for drinking water quality guidelines except for pH which ranged from 6.6 - 9.7. Some chemical parameters were also within the W.H.O guideline values. However; aluminum which concentration ranged from 0.00 — 0.34 mg/l, fluoride concentration ranged from 0.01 — 1.87 mg/I and cyanide concentration ranged from 0.000 — 0175 were not. Bacteriological analysis, showed that five (5) or 6.4% of the samples tested fielded bacterial growth. Bacteria produced included: Klebsiella sp., Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The enforcement of the regulation guiding water quality before the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control (NAFDAC) to comply with the drinking water qualities guideline values as recommended by W.H.O, becomes urgent

Sexuality in Nigerian older adults

Introduction: Oftentimes the older adults are assumed to be asexual as few studies explore into the sexuality of this age group worldwide and even in Nigeria. It is an important aspect of quality of life which is often neglected by people in this age group, attending physicians and the society as a whole. The study was aimed at determining the perception of older adults about sexuality, identify the factors that could militate against sexuality and fill any void in information in this regard. Methods: Descriptive study conducted in one hundred older adults. A semistructured questionnaire was administered to consenting participants between 1st of September 2013 and 31st of March 2014. Results: Mean age of respondents was 66.42± 5.77 years. Seventy-eight percent of the male respondents considered engaging in sexual activity as safe compared to 45.8% of the female respondents. More of the women (33.3%) regarded sexuality in the older adults as a taboo when compared to the men (5.4%). However, the men were more favourably disposed to discussing sexual problems than the women with their spouses (42% vs 20%) and Physicians (23.2% vs 0.0%). Major factors responsible for sexual inactivity were participants' medical ailments (65%), partners' failing health (15%) as well as anxiety about sexual performance (25%) in the men and dyspareunia (25%) in women. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to correct the misconception about sexuality in this age group especially among the women and for the physicians to explore the sexual history of every patient.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

Effects Of Some Thermo-Physical Properties On Force Convective Stagnation Point On A Stretching Sheet With Convective Boundary Conditions In The Presence Of Thermal Radiation And Magnetic Field

Of concern in this paper is an investigation of force convective stagnation point on a stretching sheet with convective boundary conditions in the presence of thermal radiation and uniform magnetic field. Rosseland approximation is used to model the radiative heat transfer. The nonlinear partial differential equations arising from the flow modeling were transformed by similarity transformation. The resulting coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations were then solved numerically by employing the Adaptive Runge-Kutta together with shooting technique. Finally the effects of the pertinent thermo-physical parameters are presented in graphs and tables. Keywords: Plane Stagnation Point, Thermal Radiation, Convective Boundary Conditions, Magnetic Field

Commercial Bank’s Credit, Government Expenditure and Agricultural Output in Nigeria: An Error Correction Model

The production of the agriculture sector is central to achieving sustainable economic growth and adequate food throughout the world. In Nigeria, agriculture used to be the mainstay of the economy in the 1960s producing about 90 percent of the government income and providing up to 70 percent job opportunities to the unemployed youths. Owing to diminishing budgetary allocation, these opportunities and potentials are eventually going to extinction. The paper also states that the different financial incentives channelled to the agricultural sector did not translate into substantial and sustainable agricultural production growth in Nigeria. Against this context, the study re-investigates the effect of commercial banks' credit for agriculture and government agricultural spending on agricultural production in Nigeria between 1980 and 2018. The findings of the ARDL co-integration test revealed that there is a long-term co-movement between agricultural government spending, interest rates and agricultural production in Nigeria. Increased budgetary allocation to the agriculture sector is also recommended and a larger proportion of the allocation should be committed to infrastructural improvement of the agricultural sector by the mechanisation of the agricultural system in Nigeria. Keywords: Agriculture sector, Banks’ credit, Government expenditure, Interest rate

DEVIANT BEHAVIORS IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA: PREVALENCE, CAUSES, IMPACTS, AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES

Abstract: This study explores deviant behaviors in academic libraries in Oyo State, Nigeria, focusing on their prevalence, causes, impacts, and potential strategies for mitigation. The descriptive research design of the survey type was adopted for the study. Data were collected from respondents, including students and staff at Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan, and Ladoke Akintola University of Technology library, Ogbomoso. These universities formed the population of the study. Simple random sampling technique was used. 350 copies of questionnaire were distributed across the universities with a retrieval success of 305 copies, representing 87.14% return rate. The study identifies that noise disturbances (57%) and vandalism (33.4%) are the most common deviant behaviors observed in academic libraries in Oyo State. Key causes include high academic stress (66.9%) and lack of supervision (42.6%), while the main impacts are a negative effect on the study environment (62.3%) and financial losses (52.1%). To address these issues, the study recommends enhancing surveillance systems, developing user education programs, increasing community engagement, strengthening enforcement of library rules, and addressing academic stress through support services. These recommendations are supported by examples from successful implementations in other institutions. The findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing library environments to foster better learning conditions and reduce deviant behaviors

INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF HEALTH WORKERS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE IN EDE METROPOLIS, OSUN STATE NIGERIA

The purpose of the study is to examine the Information seeking behaviour of primary health workers in primary health center in Ede metropolis. The study was guided by five objectives such as type’s health information seeking, factors influencing the information seeking behavior, the health information sources consulted among others. The study uses a quantitative research and data was collected through questionnaire. The questionnaires were coded, analyzed and presented in tables, while the population of the study is (135) in Primary health centres in Ede metropolis. Total enumeration sampling technique was used as the sampling technique. Only 97(79.9%) of the questionnaire was return valid and useable. The findings of the study revealed the insights into health information-seeking behaviour among health workers in primary health centers in Ede metropolis reveals a proactive engagement, characterized by a high level of agreement across various topics such as Malaria (97%), Diabetes (88%), and Emerging Diseases (86%). Also, the study reveals the factors influencing information seeking such as Availability of resources (91%), Information technology infrastructure (90%) training and knowledge (90%) among others. The study finds out the Health Information Sources Consulted are medical journals (70%), medical textbooks (84%), online healthcare database (75%), and health organization websites (73%) among others. The identify the challenges affecting information seeking behaviour among health workers such as limited information resources (94%), Lack of training and search skills (84%) infrastructure and facilities (90%), access to information (86%). The study conclude that Primary health center personnel in Ede metropolitan have a dynamic information-seeking culture that demonstrates their proactive engagement and shared interest in varied health issues. Therefore, the study recommends that Government health departments should allocate additional resources to primary health centers. The study also recommends that technology companies, government health departments, and healthcare administrators should integrate technology solutions into healthcare settings

THE EFFECTS OF MACROECONOMIC RISK FACTORS ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN NIGERIA.

This study analyses how macroeconomic risk factors impact foreign direct investment in Nigeria. The data used covers the period from 1990 to 2021. Macroeconomic risk factors were measured by interest rates, exchange rates, trade openness, and GDP growth. The findings reveal that interest rates, exchange rates, trade openness, and GDP growth have no long-run effect on foreign direct investment. Furthermore, interest rates and trade openness have a significant positive short-run effect on foreign direct investment. The exchange rate has a significant negative short-run effect on foreign direct investment, while GDP growth has no significant short-run effect on foreign direct investment. The study recommends that the government create a positive economic environment to attract foreign investors

Evaluation of ICT Facilities and Use by Patrons of Kenyatta University Post-Modern Library, Kenya

The study evaluates ICT facilities and their use by Kenyatta University Postmodern Library patrons. The study's objectives were to assess the available ICT facilities in Kenyatta University Post Modern Library and determine the purpose of using the facility and the challenges patrons face while using ICT facilities. The study employed descriptive survey research; 120 respondents were chosen as the population. Total enumeration was used as the sample size. A convenience sample technique was used for the study. The study used a questionnaire as a major data collection instrument; it was administered to 120 Kenyatta University Post Modern Library staff patrons through the Google form platform. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive analysis through frequency and percentages. The study revealed that computers, printers, the internet, and photocopying machines, among others, are the available ICT facilities in the Library. The finding also indicates that the available facilities are used for scanning, photocopying, surfing the internet, and researching. The study recommends that the Library should improve internet connectivity by increasing bandwidth. The Library should improve on training the users on ICT skills to enhance the use of ICT facilities in the Library; the Library should seek funds to enable it to acquire more ICT facilities

Mitigating Research Challenges among Post Graduate Students through Effective Library Service Delivery

Postgraduate students across Nigerian universities face various challenges in their quest for higher degrees. The study adopted a survey method to examine the research challenges faced by postgraduate students in three selected universities in Osun State and the role that university libraries play in mitigating them. The selected universities are Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Osun State University, Oshogbo and Redeemers University Ede. Structured and validated questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. 370 copies of the questionnaire were distributed while 300 representing 81% were retrieved and found valid for analysis. The data generated for the study were analyzed using Mean and Standard deviation. Findings of the study showed that the postgraduate students are confronted with several challenges in their research activities. It equally revealed that, the libraries are not lacking in their role of offering necessary facilities/services to aid research by postgraduate students as the students showed appreciable level of satisfaction with the services being provided by their university libraries. However, inadequate electronic resources, erratic power supply, insufficient ICT facilities as well as insufficient awareness were identified as the greatest challenges hindering effective use of library services by the postgraduate students. Consequently, it was recommended that adequate funding should be provided by the parent institutions for the procurement of electronic resources, ICT facilities and functional alternative power supply. Also, user education programmes should be improved upon and extended with the postgraduate students in mind