Sub 1GHz M2M communications standardization: The advancement in white space utilization for enhancing the energy efficiency

Energy efficiency of machine to machine (M2M) communications terminals is one of the major design goals of M2M networks, resulting from anticipated over 50 billion M2M communications devices to be deployed into the networks by 2020 [1]. The stakeholders in the M2M communications have observed that it will be environmental and economic catastrophic to deploy M2M communications devices without solving the energy inefficiencies associated with wireless devices that are expected to be used for M2M communications. In view of the aforementioned energy challenge, sub 1GHz spectra have provided enormous opportunities that can be energy efficient, cost effective and coverage efficiency which can be utilized for M2M communications. This work will evaluate the energy efficiency benefits of optimized Sub 1GHz spectra for M2M communications

Evaluation of Women Farmers’ Perception of the Impact of Women-in-Agriculture Programme on Yield, Income and Decision-making Power in Southeastern Nigeria

One of the reasons that necessitated the establishment of Women-in- Agriculture (WIA) Programme in 1989 was the perception that women farmers were not having adequate access to extension services compared to their male counterparts. Feminists argued that the inadequate access to extension services resulted in women farmers having poor farm yields, income, and decision-making power on what to produce. With the institutionalization of WIA programme since 1989, the study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the programme on women farmers’ yield, income and decision-making power. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for sample selection while semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data collected from 225 contact women farmers were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and tested at 5% level. Mean separation was equally done with Fisher Least Significant Difference (FLSD). Generally, the grand mean perceptional value (4.21) indicated that women farmers perceived positive changes in their farm yields, income and decision-making power because of the influence of WIA Programme. Analysis of Variance on pooled data indicated that women farmers perceived significant differences (P < 0 .05) in the changes in yield, income and decision-making power. The result, as well, showed that women farmers in the different State’s agricultural zones in Southeastern Nigeria perceived significant differences (P < 0.05) in the changes in yield, income and decision-making power. Mean separation results showed that women farmers perceived the impact more on yield with perceptual mean value of 4.38a. It also revealed that women farmers in Oji agricultural zone in Enugu State had the highest impact in the Southeastern Nigeria with mean perceptional value of 4.61a. Based on the results, the paper strongly recommended that the implementers of the programme should be highly motivated in order to guarantee the sustainability of the programme for agricultural development

Evaluation of Women Farmers’ Perception of the Impact of Women-in-Agriculture Programme on Yield, Income and Decision-making Power in Southeastern Nigeria

One of the reasons that necessitated the establishment of Women-in- Agriculture (WIA) Programme in 1989 was the perception that women farmers were not having adequate access to extension services compared to their male counterparts. Feminists argued that the inadequate access to extension services resulted in women farmers having poor farm yields, income, and decision-making power on what to produce. With the institutionalization of WIA programme since 1989, the study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the programme on women farmers’ yield, income and decision-making power. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for sample selection while semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data collected from 225 contact women farmers were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and tested at 5% level. Mean separation was equally done with Fisher Least Significant Difference (FLSD). Generally, the grand mean perceptional value (4.21) indicated that women farmers perceived positive changes in their farm yields, income and decision-making power because of the influence of WIA Programme. Analysis of Variance on pooled data indicated that women farmers perceived significant differences (P < 0 .05) in the changes in yield, income and decision-making power. The result, as well, showed that women farmers in the different State’s agricultural zones in Southeastern Nigeria perceived significant differences (P < 0.05) in the changes in yield, income and decision-making power. Mean separation results showed that women farmers perceived the impact more on yield with perceptual mean value of 4.38a. It also revealed that women farmers in Oji agricultural zone in Enugu State had the highest impact in the Southeastern Nigeria with mean perceptional value of 4.61a. Based on the results, the paper strongly recommended that the implementers of the programme should be highly motivated in order to guarantee the sustainability of the programme for agricultural development

MEASUREMENT OF PEAK FORCE EXPERIENCED BY MALES DURING ASSISTED AND UNASSISTED PULL-UPS

The purpose of this study was to measure the peak force (PF) generated by males while performing assisted pull-ups (APU) and unassisted pull-ups (UPU) with pronated (PUP) and supinated (SUP) hand grips. Twenty-five men (mean ± SD: age= 23 ± 3 y; height= 180 ± 6 cm; weight= 88 ± 14 kg, APU: N=12, UPU: N=13) participated. Participants performed 2 sets of 10 pull-ups (PU) (1 PUP, 1 SUP) in randomized order on a PU bar attached to a force plate. PF generated during each PU was normalized to body weight (BW). There was no significant difference in PF generated between grips (P = 0.158) but there were significant differences in the PF generated over the course of 10 repetitions (

Cybercrime: Victims’ Shock Absorption Mechanisms

The development of technology creates opportunities for businesses, seamless communications and leisure activities to thrive. However, it also propels crime. In Nigeria, cyber threat continues to evolve rapidly with rising number of victims on daily bases. This necessitated the present study that examines the shock absorption mechanism of the cybercrime victims in Nigeria. The data for this study came from a variety of sources, including books, articles, essays, tabloids, and journal publications; a content analysis approach was used to evaluate the data and present using certain words, themes, concepts, or codifications. The study found that the peculiarity of cybercrime lies in the fact that the victims willingly land themselves into it without being forced to do so. It starts with what seem to be a friendly conversation and exchange of correspondences and pleasantries which turns into a scamming spree. To this end, victims are left battered and shattered, and could act irrationally against own-self before state actors set out to track the offender(s). Thus, victims of cybercrime could absorb shock by spending quality time with significant others. This enables them feel the love and moral supports from close associates, other than wallow in loneliness and isolation which can breed unpleasant stimuli

Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Bufonidae (Toad) Venom Crude Extract on Trypanosoma brucei brucei in Swiss Mice

Trypanosomiasis afflicts about 6 ~ 7 million people globally and to a large extent impedes livestock production in Africa. Naturally, trypanosomal parasites undergo genetic mutation and have developed resistance over a wide range of therapies. The utilization of animals and plants products has presented therapeutic potential for identifying novel anti-trypanosomal drugs. This study evaluated toad venom for anti-trypanosomal potency invivo in Swiss mice. Toads were collected from July to August 2019. The acute oral toxicity and biochemical characterization of the toad venom were determined. The experimental mice were administered various doses (130 mg/kg, 173 mg/kg and 217 mg/kg) of the toad venom crude extract and 0.75 mg/mL of Diamizan Plus standard drug for the treatment of trypanosomiasis, once daily for 3 days. The in-vivo anti-trypanosomal activity was evaluated by a curative test, after infecting the mice with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The pre-patent period was 72 hours before treatment commenced. The overall results showed that trypanosomal load was highest in the control group while the group treated with Diamizan drug had the least trypanosomal load. As such, the mean trypanosomal load in relation to treatments showed a very high significant difference (P0.05) across treatment groups. The over 50% reduction in the trypanosomal load in the 130 mg/kg group in comparison with the control group brings to bare the anti-trypanosomal potency of the toad venom. The anti-trypanosomal activity demonstrated by the toad venom has provided basis for development of new therapeutic agents from different toad species. The study recommends further studies (both in-vivo and invitro) followed by the characterization of the active compounds present in the toad venom responsible for the anti-tyrpanosomal activity observed alongside the management and conservation of these species

An Obscure Case of Hepatic Subcapsular Hematoma

Spontaneous liver bleeding is often reported in preeclampsia. It is otherwise rare and has been linked to gross anatomical lesions and coagulopathy. We report a case of subcapsular hematoma of the liver without any apparent lesion and in the absence of coagulopathy. A 41-year-old male, paraplegic for 16 years, presented to the emergency department 3 days after sudden onset of right upper quadrant and shoulder pain. He had been on vitamins and 5,000 units subcutaneous heparin 12-hourly at the nursing home for the last month. He was in no distress, afebrile, with stable vitals. Physical examination showed a diverting colostomy, tender hepatomegaly and sacral decubiti. A fecal occult blood test was negative. There was spastic paraplegia below the level of T12. Two days after admission, the patient was afebrile and hemodynamically stable. PTT, PT, liver profile, BUN and creatinine were all normal, however his hemoglobin had dropped from 11.3 to 7.6 g/dl. An abdominal CT scan revealed an isolated 9.0 × 1.8 cm subcapsular hematoma. The patient received blood transfusion in the intensive care unit and was discharged 7 days later. In conclusion, spontaneous liver hemorrhage occurs in the nonobstetrical population in the setting of gross anatomical lesions or coagulopathy. This is the first report of an isolated subcapsular liver hematoma

Trends of European research and development in district heating technologies

There is a considerable diversity of district heating (DH) technologies, components and interaction in EU countries. The trends and developments of DH are investigated in this paper. Research of four areas related to DH systems and their interaction with: fossil fuels, renewable energy (RE) sources, energy efficiency of the systems and the impact on the environment and the human health are described in the following content. The key conclusion obtained from this review is that the DH development requires more flexible energy systems with building automations, more significant contribution of RE sources, more dynamic prosumers׳ participation, and integration with mix fuel energy systems, as part of smart energy sustainable systems in smart cities. These are the main issues that Europe has to address in order to establish sustainable DH systems across its countries.This research was conducted in collaboration between Wrocław University of Technology (Poland) and Brunel University London (UK). The support for the Polish team was by the Ministry of Science and HigherEducationunderGrantno.50532

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe