10 research outputs found
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus; Outcome after Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
- Publication venue
- 'Pakistan Society of Neurosurgeons'
- Publication date
- 30/03/2015
- Field of study
Background: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a treatable cause of dementia. Hakim and Adams des-cribed for the first time the symptoms and signs of NPH which include ataxia, progressive memory loss and uri-nary incontinence. In properly diagnosed cases, ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt leads to good outcome.Material and Methods: This study comprised of 40 patients with NPH. The duration of study was 5 years from January 2009 to December 2013. The duration of illness before presentation ranged from one year to 6 years. The patients were diagnosed clinically and CT scan brain was done in all patients (MRI in some patients). All patients underwent Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination. In cases of possible NPH, drainage lumbar puncture (LP) was done and their response was noted. In 35 patients whose families gave consent for surgery, VP shunt was done while families of 5 patients refused surgery. The patients who underwent VP shunt were followed up, which ranged from one to 5 years.Results: The age of the patients was between 52 and 70 years. The majority of patients (25) were between 61-70 years. Out of the 35 patients, 26 (75%) were male while 9 (25%) were female. The initial symptom in all these patients was gait ataxia and the duration of illness ranged from one year to 6 years.Conclusion: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a treatable cause of dementia. In properly diagnosed pat-ients, ventriculoperitoneal shunt gives good results
Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950â2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Author
- Aali Amirali
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Jaffar
- Abbasgholizadeh Rouzbeh
- Abbasi Madineh Akram
- Abbasian Mohammadreza
- Abd ElHafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdelwahab Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdoun Meriem
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abdurehman Ame Mehadi
- Abebe Mesfin
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Armita
- Abegaz Tadesse M
- AbeldanÌo ZunÌiga Roberto Ariel
- Abhilash E S
- Abiodun Olugbenga Olusola
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abouzid Mohamed
- Abreu Lucas GuimaraÌes
- Abrha Woldu Aberhe
- Abrigo Michael R M
- Abtahi Dariush
- Abu Rumeileh Samir
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen ME
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Aburuz Salahdein
- Acuna Juan Manuel
- Adair Tim
- Addo Isaac Yeboah
- Adebayo Oladimeji M
- Adegboye Oyelola A
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Aden Bashir
- Adepoju Abiola Victor
- Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun
- Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther
- Adeyomoye Olorunsola Israel
- Adha Rishan
- Adibi Amin
- Adikusuma Wirawan
- Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
- Adra Saryia
- Afework Abel
- Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
- Afraz Ali
- Afyouni Shadi
- Afzal Saira
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Aghamiri Shahin
- Agodi Antonella
- Agyemang-Duah Williams
- Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Muayyad M
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud
- Ahmadzade Mohadese
- Ahmed Ayman
- Ahmed Haroon
- Ahmed Luai A
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Syed Anees
- Ajami Marjan
- Aji Budi
- Ajumobi Olufemi
- Akalu Gizachew Taddesse
- Akara Essona Matatom
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Akkala Sreelatha
- Akyirem Samuel
- Al Hamad Hanadi
- Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz
- Al Homsi Ammar
- Al Qadire Mohammad
- AL-Ahdal Tareq Mohammed Ali
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-amer Rasmieh Mustafa
- Al-Eyadhy Ayman
- Al-Gheethi Adel Ali Saeed
- Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled
- Al-Jumaily Adel
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali Ali
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M
- Al-Sabah Salman Khalifah
- Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A
- Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
- Ala Moein
- Aladelusi Timothy Olukunle
- Alalalmeh Samer O
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Manjurul
- Alam Zufishan
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M
- Albashtawy Mohammed
- AlBataineh Mohammad T
- Aldridge Robert W
- Alemi Sharifullah
- Alhabib Khalid F
- Alhalaiqa Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji
- Ali Abid
- Ali Akhtar
- Ali Beriwan Abdulqadir
- Ali Hassam
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
- Ali Syed Shujait Shujait
- Ali Zahid
- Alian Samakkhah Shohreh
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Aligol Mohammad
- Alimi Rasoul
- Aliyi Ahmednur Adem
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Almahmeed Wael
- Almazan Joseph Uy
- Almidani Omar
- Alomari Mahmoud A
- Alonso Nivaldo
- Alqahtani Jaber S
- Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen
- Altaf Awais
- Altirkawi Khalid A
- Alvi Farrukh Jawad
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- Alzoubi Karem H
- Amare Azmeraw T
- Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
- Amhare Abebe Feyissa
- Amin Tarek Tawfik
- Amindarolzarbi Alireza
- Aminian Dehkordi Javad
- Amiri Sohrab
- Amu Hubert
- Amugsi Dickson A
- Amzat Jimoh
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Andrade Pedro Prata
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- Andrei Tudorel
- Angappan Dhanalakshmi
- Anil Abhishek
- Anjum Afifa
- Antony Catherine M
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anuoluwa Iyadunni Adesola
- Anwar Sumadi Lukman
- Anyasodor Anayochukwu Edward
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
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- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arabzadeh Bahri Razman
- Arafat Mosab
- ArauÌjo Ana Margarida
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- Aremu Abdulfatai
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- Artamonov Anton A
- Artanti Kurnia Dwi
- Arulappan Judie
- Aruleba Idowu Thomas
- Aruleba Raphael Taiwo
- Arumugam Ashokan
- Asaad Malke
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- Ashemo Mubarek Yesse
- Ashraf Muhammad
- Asika Marvellous O
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atreya Alok
- Attia Sameh
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- Ayele Getnet Melaku
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- Cini Karly I
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- Joo Tamas
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- Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
- Keykhaei Mohammad
- Khadembashiri Mohamad Mehdi
- Khadembashiri Mohammad Amin
- Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif
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- Watson Stefanie
- Weaver Marcia R
- Weerakoon Kosala Gayan
- Weiss Daniel J
- Weldemariam Abrha Hailay
- Wells Katherine M
- Wen Yi Feng
- Werdecker Andrea
- Westerman Ronny
- Wickramasinghe Dakshitha Praneeth
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Wilson Shadrach
- Wojewodzic Marcin W
- Wool Eve E
- Woolf Anthony D
- Wu Dongze
- Wulandari Ratna Dwi
- Xiao Hong
- Xu Bin
- Xu Xiaoyue
- Yadav Lalit
- Yaghoubi Sajad
- Yang Lin
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yao Yao
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yesera Gesila Endashaw
- Yesodharan Renjulal
- Yesuf Subah Abderehim
- YigÌit Arzu
- YigÌit Vahit
- Yip Paul
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- You Yuyi
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zafari Nima
- Zahedi Mohammad
- Zahid Muhammad Nauman
- Zahir Mazyar
- Zakham Fathiah
- Zaki Nazar
- Zakzuk Josefina
- Zamagni Giulia
- Zaman Burhan Abdullah
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamora Nelson
- Zand Ramin
- Zandi Milad
- Zandieh Ghazal G Z
- ZanghiÌ Aurora
- Zare Iman
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zeariya Mohammed G M
- Zeng Youjie
- Zhai Chunxia
- Zhang Chen
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Hongwei
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhaofeng
- Zhang Zhenyu
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhao Yang
- Zhao Yong
- Zheng Peng
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Bin
- Zhu Zhaohua
- Ziaeefar Pardis
- ZielinÌska Magdalena
- Zou Zhiyong
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zweck Elric
- Zyoud Samer H
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020â21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5â65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020â21; 5·1% [0·9â9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98â5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50â6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126â137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7â17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8â24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7â51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9â72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0â2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67â8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4â52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0â44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic
Frequency of Thyroid Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Peshawar
- Publication venue
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University
- Publication date
- 29/01/2023
- Field of study
Objective: To determine the frequency spectrum of all thyroid lesions in terms of histopathological patterns presented to the Pathology Department of the Combined Military Hospital Peshawar.
Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar, from September 2015 to December 2020. A total of 235 thyroidectomy specimens, over a period of 5 years, were included in the study period. Information was collected on age, gender, clinical presentation, and histopathological diagnosis.
Results: A total of 235 cases were studied over a period of five years, of which 188 (80%) were females and 47 (20%) were males, with a male to female ratio of 1:4. The patientsĂąâŹâą ages ranged from 14 years to 85 years, with a mean age of 41 years, and the relative peak age of incidence was seen from 21 to 40 years of age. Total 193 cases (82.1%) belonged to the non-neoplastic category out of which adenomatous colloid goiter was the most common (180 cases, 93.3%). The neoplastic lesions (total cases 42) were 17.9% of all of the cases, out of which benign lesions i.e. adenoma comprised 20 cases (47.7%) and malignant lesions were 22 (52.3%). Among the malignant lesions papillary carcinoma was the most common (16 cases) comprising of 73% of all of the malignant lesions.
Conclusion: Thyroid lesions are more common in females, with peak incidence in the second and third decades. The non-neoplastic lesions are more common, with the adenomatous goiter being most prevalent. In the neoplastic lesions, follicular adenoma constitutes the main lesion in the group of benign neoplasms and papillary carcinoma being the most common lesion among the malignant neoplasms
Development and characterization of ceftriaxone in-situ gel-forming biodegradable parenteral depot system
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'African Journals Online (AJOL)'
- Publication date
- 18/01/2022
- Field of study
Purpose: To design parenteral in-situ gel of ceftriaxone using poloxamer as a thermosensitive agent, Carbopol as a pH-sensitive polymer and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a viscosity enhancer.
Method: Lyophilized ceftriaxone was added in solution form to enhance its solubility and stability. Several formulations were designed using poloxamer (P 188, F 127 and P 407) and Carbopol (934P and 940) in varying concentrations, out of which an optimized formulation was chosen on the basis of its gelling capacity and respective transit time. Drug content uniformity, sterility and stability were studied. Drug-polymer and polymer-polymer interaction were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Characterization of optimized formulation was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In-vitro release profile was determined by a modified Franz diffusion method.
Results: Optimized formulation Q2 was characterized for various physicochemical parameters and found to be stable. In-vitro release study showed first order release pattern. DSC thermograms revealed that the polymers were compatible with each other as no physicochemical interactions were observed. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD, p †0.05).
Conclusion: Optimized formulation Q2 provided sustained release up to 10 days following first order release kinetics, and thus can be further developed for large-scale production
Management and Outcomes Following Surgery for Gastrointestinal Typhoid: An International, Prospective, Multicentre Cohort Study
- Author
- A O Ademuyiwa
- Abdul Khalique
- Abdul Rehman Alvi
- Abdul Wahid Anwar
- Abdulrahman Sheshe
- Abdulrasheed A Nasir
- Abdulrasheed Nasir
- Abdulrazzaq Lawal
- AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga Lawal
- Abdurrahaman Sheshe
- Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq
- Abhishek Mittal
- Abiboye Yifieyeh
- Abid Bin Mahamood
- Abidemi Adesuyi
- Adam Gyedu
- Adedapo Osinowo
- Adedapo Osinowo
- Adedeji Fatuga
- Adeleke Adekoya
- Ademola Adebanjo
- Ademola Adebanjo
- Ademola Adeyeye
- Ademola Adeyeye
- Ademola Adeyeye
- Ademola Popoola
- Ademola Popoola
- Adesoji Ademuyiwa
- Adesoji Ademuyiwa
- Adesoji O Ademuyiwa
- Adesoji O Ademuyiwa
- Adesoji Tade
- Adewale Adeniyi
- Adewale Adeniyi
- Adewale O Adisa
- Afizah Salleh
- Agboola Taiwo
- Ahmad Bani-Sadar
- Ahmad Faraz
- Ahmad Uzair Qureshi
- Ahmad Uzair Qureshi
- Ahmed Adamu
- Ahmed Raza
- Ahsan Zil-E-Ali
- Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri
- Akin Olaolorun
- Akinlabi Ajao
- Akinlabi E Ajao
- Alaba Adesina
- Alaba Adesina
- Ali Khan Niazi
- Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi
- Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi
- Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah
- Aminu Mohammad
- Aminu Mohammad
- Anam Rashid
- Anand Kirishnan
- Andre L Mihaljevic
- Aneel Bhangu
- Anjana Sreedharan
- Anthony Ajiboye
- Anthony Avoka
- Anthony Davor
- Antje Oosterkamp
- Antoinette Bediako-Bowan
- Antonio Ramos-De la Medina
- Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo
- Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo
- April Camilla Roslani
- Asdaq Ahmed
- Ashrarur Rahman Mitul
- Awais Raza
- Ayokunle Ogunyemi
- Babajide Adenekan
- Babatunde Odeyemi
- Babatunde Odeyemi
- Bakhtiar Nighat
- Bashir Bello
- Bruno Noukpozounkou
- Bylapudi Seshu Kumar
- Caranj Venugopal
- Catherine A Shaw
- Charles Dally
- Cheewei Gan
- Choy Ling Tan
- Chris Bode
- Christian Lari Coompson
- Christopher Bode
- Chu-Ann Chai
- Chui Yee Wong
- Clement Onuoha
- Collins Nwokoro
- Crystal Yern Nee Chow
- Cutting Edge Manipal
- Danjuma Sale
- Dansou Gaspard Gbessi
- Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz
- Dickson Bandoh
- Dieudonne Duhoranenayo
- Dion Morton
- Djifid Morel Seto
- Dmitri Nepogodiev
- Dulan Irusha Samaraweera
- Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani
- Ebenezer Takyi Atkins
- Ekow Mensah
- Elliot Akoto
- Emeka Nwabuoku
- Emmanuel Acquah
- Emmanuel Akatibo
- Enoch Dagoe
- Enoch Tackie
- Eric Ackom
- Eric Kofi Appiah
- Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou
- Eu Xian Lee
- Ewen M Harrison
- Ewen M Harrison
- Fatai Balogun
- Fatima Baluch
- Faustin Ntirenganya
- Felix Alakaloko
- Felix Alakaloko
- Feng Yih Chai
- Fernande Djivoh
- Fitjerald Henry
- Florence Dedey
- Francesco Pata
- Francis Abantanga
- Francis Abantanga
- Francis Dossou
- Frank Enoch Gyamfi
- Frank Owusu
- Frank Owusu
- Fred Hodonou
- Gandau Naa Barnabas
- Garba Samson
- George Ihediwa
- Germain Ahlonsou
- Ghina Shamim Shamsi
- Ghina Shamsi
- Giuliano Borda-Luque
- Hafiz Hakim
- Halima Aliyu
- Hamza Asumah
- Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi
- Hasnain Abbas Dharamshi
- Henry Mendel
- Hian Ee Heng
- Hoong-Yin Chong
- Hope Edem Kofi Kordorwu
- Hope Glover-Addy
- Hosni Khairy Salem
- Hussein Mohammed
- Ibrahim Raza
- Iloba Njokanma
- Isaac Amole
- J C Allen Ingabire
- J C Allen Ingabire
- J Edward Fitzgerald
- J Edward Fitzgerald
- J Jeyakumar
- James Adeniran
- James Adeniran
- James Glasbey
- James Glasbey
- Jennifer Nowers
- Jennifer Rickard
- Jerry Makama
- Jesse Ron Swire Ting
- Jia Yng Siaw
- Jian Er Saw
- Jibran Abbasy
- Joachim Amoako
- Joe-Nat Clegg-Lampety
- Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey
- Jonathan Ajah
- Jonathan Dakubo
- Joseph Awuku-Asabre
- Justus Lando
- Kamran Faisal Bhopal
- Kamran Faisal Bhopal
- Kandasami Palayan
- Kazeem Atobatele
- Kean Leong Koay
- Keat-Seong Poh
- Kenneth Aaniana
- Kenneth Johnson
- Khalid Mahmud
- Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah
- KpÚmahouton René Keke
- Kuet Jun Chung
- Kuhaendran Gunaseelan
- Kwabena Agbedinu
- Kwaku Boakye-Yiadom
- Kwame Maison
- Kwasi Asare-Bediako
- Kwasi Kusi
- Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya Arachchige
- Lawal Abdullahi
- Lawani IsmaĂŻl
- Lawani IsmaĂŻl
- Lawani IsmaĂŻl
- Lemuel Davies Bray
- Li Jing Yeang
- Ling Wilson
- Lofty-John Anyanwu
- Lofty-John Anyanwu
- M Mohan
- Mabel Amoako-Boateng
- Mahadevan Deva Tata
- Mahnoor Javaid
- Makafui Dayie
- Margub Hussain
- Maria Lorena Aguilera
- Marie Carmela Lapitan
- Martin Kyereh
- Maryam Ali Khan
- Masood Jawaid
- Mattew Ekow
- Max DĂ©nakpo
- Michael Amoah
- Micheal Ohene-Yeboah
- Milaksh Kumar Nirumal
- Mobolaji Oludara
- Mobolaji Oludara
- Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz
- Mohammad Aliyu
- Mohammad Mohsin Arshad
- Mohammadasim Amjad
- Mohammed Bukari
- Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi
- Monty Khajanchi
- Muhammad Adil
- Muhammad Daniyan
- Muhammad Habib Ibrahim
- Muhammad Mohsin Furqan
- Muhammad Saqlain
- Muhammad Talha Butt
- Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya
- Muhammad Waqar
- Musah Yakubu
- Muslimat Alada
- Mustafa Mohammed Taher
- Muthukumaran Rangarajan
- Najwa Nadeem
- Neel Limaye
- Neil Smart
- Nidhi Gyanchandani
- Niiarmah Adu-Aryee
- Nik Azim Nik Abdullah
- Nik Ritza Kosai
- Noman Shahzad
- Nora Abdul Aziz
- Norbert Uzabumwana
- Nur Zulaika Riswan
- Ogechukwu Taiwo
- Ogechukwu Taiwo
- Olabisi Osagie
- Olabode Oshodi
- Olajide Abiola
- Olalekan Ajai
- Olubukola Faturoti
- Olubukola Faturoti
- Olufemi Habeeb
- Olumide Elebute
- Olumide Elebute
- Oluseyi Ogunsua
- Oluwaseyi Adebola
- Oluwatomi Odutola
- Omobolaji Ayandipo
- Omobolaji O Ayandipo
- Omolara Faboya
- Omolara Williams
- Omolara Williams
- Opeoluwa Adesanya
- Opeoluwa Adesanya
- Osman Imoro
- Owusu Emmanuel Abem
- Oyediran Kehinde Timothy
- Oyindamola Oshati
- Paul Wondoh
- Paul Wondoh
- Pei Ying Koh
- Philip Alexander
- Philip Mshelbwala
- Philip Taah Amoako
- Pigeneswaren Yoganathan
- Prasad Pitigala Arachchi
- Pratik Jain
- Prince Kwakyeafriyie
- Prisca A L Har
- Pui Xin Chin
- Puneet Malik
- R Goh Ern Tze
- Rajeev Satoskar
- Reynu Rajan
- Richard Lilford
- Richard Opoku-Agyeman
- Richard Spence
- Richmond Hagan
- Riinu Ots
- Riinu Ots
- Robert Parker
- Rokayah Julaihi
- Roland Osuoji
- Roland Osuoji
- Ross Coomber
- S S Prasad
- S Tabiri
- S V Kinnera
- Saiba Abdul-Latif
- Sam Debrah
- Samson Olori
- Samson Olori
- Samuel Essoun
- Samuel Osei-Nketiah
- Samuel S Y Sii
- Samuel Sani Ali
- Sandip Kumar
- Sani Ali Samuel
- Sara W Al-Saqqa
- Sarah Rayne
- Savni Satoskar
- Sebastian Shu
- Shamsudeen Aliyu
- Shravan Nadkarni
- Shu Ning Kong
- Shuang Yi Teo
- Shyang Yee Lim
- Sir Young Yam
- Siti Mohd Desa Asilah
- Sivasuriya Sivaganesh
- Siyaka Itopa Suleiman
- Srinivas Pai
- Sriram Bhat
- Stephen Kache
- Stephen Tabiri
- Stephen Tabiri
- Stephen Tabiri
- Stephen Tabiri
- Stephen Tabiri
- Stuart J Fergusson
- Suleiman Baba
- Sunil Kumar
- Susan Wndy Mathew
- Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali
- Syed Asaat Ul Razi
- Taha Yusufali
- Tahir Muhammad Yaseen
- Tahir Yaseen
- Tahira Naqvi
- Taiwo Akeem Lawal
- Taiwo Lawal
- Tanzeela Gala
- Tanzeela Gala
- Tapan Kumar
- Theophilus T K Anyomih
- Thierry Alihonou
- Thomas M Drake
- Thomas M Drake
- Thomas Olagboyega Olajide
- Thomas Pinkney
- Tomas PoĆĄkus
- Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat
- Tunde Sholadoye
- Umar Muktar
- Victor Dassah
- Victor Etwire
- Victor Nwinee
- Vimalakanthan Thanusan
- Wahid Anwer
- Wairimu Ndegwa
- Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir
- Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake
- William Appeadu-Mensah
- William Bonney
- Xinwei Low
- Ya Theng Neo
- Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou
- Yahaya Ukwenya
- Yee Wen Tan
- Yella Reddy
- Yi Koon Tan
- Yi Ting Mok
- Yih Jeng Cheong
- Yiing Yee Gan
- Yishan Der
- Yong Yong Tew
- Yong Yong Tew
- Zain Ali Khan
- Zainab Iftikhar
- Zainab Iftikhar
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Background: Gastrointestinal perforation is the most serious complication of typhoid fever, with a high disease burden in low-income countries. Reliable, prospective, contemporary surgical outcome data are scarce in these settings. This study aimed to investigate surgical outcomes following surgery for intestinal typhoid. Methods: Two multicentre, international prospective cohort studies of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal typhoid perforation were conducted. Outcomes were measured at 30 days and included mortality, surgical site infection, organ space infection and reintervention rate. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to adjust for clinically plausible explanatory variables. Effect estimates are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) alongside their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 88 patients across the GlobalSurg 1 and GlobalSurg 2 studies were included, from 11 countries. Children comprised 38.6% (34/88) of included patients. Most patients (87/88) had intestinal perforation. The 30-day mortality rate was 9.1% (8/88), which was higher in children (14.7 vs. 5.6%). Surgical site infection was common, at 67.0% (59/88). Organ site infection was common, with 10.2% of patients affected. An ASA grade of III and above was a strong predictor of 30-day post-operative mortality, at the univariable level and following adjustment for explanatory variables (OR 15.82, 95% CI 1.53â163.57, p = 0.021). Conclusions: With high mortality and complication rates, outcomes from surgery for intestinal typhoid remain poor. Future studies in this area should focus on sustainable interventions which can reduce perioperative morbidity. At a policy level, improving these outcomes will require both surgical and public health system advances
Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000â17
- Author
- . ()
- . ()
- . ()
- . ()
- . ()
- . ()
- . ()
- Abbastabar H. (Hedayat)
- Abd El Razek M. M. (Muhammed Magdy)
- Abd-Allah F. (Foad)
- Abdelalim A. (Ahmed)
- Abdollahpour I. (Ibrahim)
- Abegaz K. H. (Kedir Hussein)
- Abejie A. N. (Ayenew Negesse)
- Abreu L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes)
- Abrigo M. R. (Michael R. M.)
- Abualhasan A. (Ahmed)
- Accrombessi M. M. (Manfred Mario Kokou)
- Adamu A. A. (Abdu A.)
- Adebayo O. M. (Oladimeji M.)
- Adedeji I. A. (Isaac Akinkunmi)
- Adedoyin R. A. (Rufus Adesoji)
- Adekanmbi V. (Victor)
- Adetokunboh O. O. (Olatunji O.)
- Adhikari T. B. (Tara Ballav)
- Afarideh M. (Mohsen)
- Agudelo-Botero M. (Marcela)
- Ahmadi K. (Keivan)
- Ahmadi M. (Mehdi)
- Ahmed A. E. (Anwar E.)
- Ahmed M. B. (Muktar Beshir)
- Akalu T. Y. (Temesgen Yihunie)
- Akanda A. S. (Ali S.)
- Al-Aly Z. (Ziyad)
- Al-Mekhlafi H. M. (Hesham M.)
- Alahdab F. (Fares)
- Alam N. (Noore)
- Alam S. (Samiah)
- Alamene G. M. (Genet Melak)
- Alanzi T. M. (Turki M.)
- Albright J. (James)
- Albujeer A. (Ammar)
- Alcalde-Rabanal J. E. (Jacqueline Elizabeth)
- Alebel A. (Animut)
- Alemu Z. A. (Zewdie Aderaw)
- Ali M. (Muhammad)
- Alijanzadeh M. (Mehran)
- Alipour V. (Vahid)
- Aljunid S. M. (Syed Mohamed)
- Almasi A. (Ali)
- Almasi-Hashiani A. (Amir)
- Altirkawi K. A. (Khalid A.)
- Alvis-Guzman N. (Nelson)
- Alvis-Zakzuk N. J. (Nelson J.)
- Amini S. (Saeed)
- Amit A. M. (Arianna Maever L.)
- Amul G. G. (Gianna Gayle Herrera)
- Andrei C. L. (Catalina Liliana)
- Anjomshoa M. (Mina)
- Ansariadi A. (Ansariadi)
- Antonio C. A. (Carl Abelardo T.)
- Antony B. (Benny)
- Antriyandarti E. (Ernoiz)
- Arabloo J. (Jalal)
- Aref H. M. (Hany Mohamed Amin)
- Aremu O. (Olatunde)
- Armoon B. (Bahram)
- Arora A. (Amit)
- Aryal K. K. (Krishna K.)
- Arzani A. (Afsaneh)
- Asadi-Aliabadi M. (Mehran)
- Asmelash D. (Daniel)
- Atalay H. T. (Hagos Tasew)
- Athari S. M. (Seyyede Masoume)
- Athari S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin)
- Atre S. R. (Sachin R.)
- Ausloos M. (Marcel)
- Awasthi S. (Shally)
- Awoke N. (Nefsu)
- Ayano G. (Getinet)
- Ayanore M. A. (Martin Amogre)
- Aynalem Y. A. (Yared Asmare)
- Azari S. (Samad)
- Azman A. S. (Andrew S.)
- Babaee E. (Ebrahim)
- Badawi A. (Alaa)
- Bagherzadeh M. (Mojtaba)
- Bakkannavar S. M. (Shankar M.)
- Balakrishnan S. (Senthilkumar)
- Banach M. (Maciej)
- Banoub J. A. (Joseph Adel Mattar)
- Barac A. (Aleksandra)
- Barboza M. A. (Miguel A.)
- Barnighausen T. W. (Till Winfried)
- Basu S. (Sanjay)
- Baumann M. M. (Mathew M.)
- Bayati M. (Mohsen)
- Bedi N. (Neeraj)
- Beheshti M. (Mahya)
- Behzadifar M. (Masoud)
- Behzadifar M. (Meysam)
- Bell M. L. (Michelle L.)
- Bennett D. A. (Derrick A.)
- Benzian H. (Habib)
- Berbada D. A. (Dessalegn Ajema)
- Bernstein R. S. (Robert S.)
- Bhat A. G. (Anusha Ganapati)
- Bhattacharyya K. (Krittika)
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- Owolabi M. O. (Mayowa O.)
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- Sherbaf F. G. (Farzaneh Ghazi)
- Shetty B. S. (B. Suresh Kumar)
- Shiferaw W. S. (Wondimeneh Shibabaw)
- Shigematsu M. (Mika)
- Shin J. I. (Jae Il)
- Shiri R. (Rahman)
- Shirkoohi R. (Reza)
- Shivakumar K. M. (K. M.)
- Si S. (Si)
- Siabani S. (Soraya)
- Siddiqi T. J. (Tariq Jamal)
- Silva D. A. (Diego Augusto Santos)
- Singh A. (Ambrish)
- Singh B. B. (Balbir Bagicha Singh)
- Singh J. A. (Jasvinder A.)
- Singh N. P. (Narinder Pal)
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- Sisay M. M. (Malede Mequanent)
- Skiadaresi E. (Eirini)
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- Sokhan A. (Anton)
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- Sorrie M. B. (Muluken Bekele)
- Soyiri I. N. (Ireneous N.)
- Spurlock E. E. (Emma Elizabeth)
- Sreeramareddy C. T. (Chandrashekhar T.)
- Sudaryanto A. (Agus)
- Sufiyan M. B. (Mu'awiyyah Babale)
- Suleria H. A. (Hafiz Ansar Rasul)
- Sykes B. L. (Bryan L.)
- Tabares-Seisdedos R. (Rafael)
- Tabuchi T. (Takahiro)
- Tadesse D. B. (Degena Bahrey)
- Tarigan I. U. (Ingan Ukur)
- Taye B. (Bineyam)
- Tefera Y. M. (Yonatal Mesfin)
- Tehrani-Banihashemi A. (Arash)
- Tekelemedhin S. W. (Shishay Wahdey)
- Tekle M. G. (Merhawi Gebremedhin)
- Temsah M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani)
- Tesfay B. E. (Berhe Etsay)
- Tesfay F. H. (Fisaha Haile)
- Tessema Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse)
- Thankappan K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman)
- ThekkePurakkal A. S. (Akhil Soman)
- Thomas N. (Nihal)
- Thompson R. L. (Robert L.)
- Thomson A. J. (Alan J.)
- Topor-Madry R. (Roman)
- Tovani-Palone M. R. (Marcos Roberto)
- Traini E. (Eugenio)
- Ullah I. (Irfan)
- Unnikrishnan B. (Bhaskaran)
- Usman M. S. (Muhammad Shariq)
- Uthman O. A. (Olalekan A.)
- Uzochukwu B. S. (Benjamin S. Chudi)
- Valdez P. R. (Pascual R.)
- Varughese S. (Santosh)
- Veisani Y. (Yousef)
- Violante F. S. (Francesco S.)
- Vollmer S. (Sebastian)
- Waheed Y. (Yasir)
- Wallin M. T. (Mitchell Taylor)
- Wang Y. (Yafeng)
- Wang Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang)
- Wangdi K. (Kinley)
- Weaver N. D. (Nicole Davis)
- Weiss D. J. (Daniel J.)
- Weldesamuel G. T. (Girmay Teklay)
- Werkneh A. A. (Adhena Ayaliew)
- Westerman R. (Ronny)
- Whawariat F. G. (Feleke Gebremeskel)
- Wiangkham T. (Taweewat)
- Wiens K. E. (Kirsten E.)
- Wijeratne T. (Tissa)
- Wiysonge C. S. (Charles Shey)
- Wolde H. F. (Haileab Fekadu)
- Wondafrash D. Z. (Dawit Zewdu)
- Wonde T. E. (Tewodros Eshete)
- Worku G. T. (Getasew Taddesse)
- Yadollahpour A. (Ali)
- Yamada T. (Tomohide)
- Yaseri M. (Mehdi)
- Yatsuya H. (Hiroshi)
- Yeshaneh A. (Alex)
- Yilma M. T. (Mekdes Tigistu)
- Yip P. (Paul)
- Yisma E. (Engida)
- Yonemoto N. (Naohiro)
- Younis M. Z. (Mustafa Z.)
- Yousof H. S. (Hebat-Allah Salah A.)
- Yu C. (Chuanhua)
- Yusefzadeh H. (Hasan)
- Zadey S. (Siddhesh)
- Zaidi Z. (Zoubida)
- Zaki M. E. (Maysaa El Sayed)
- Zamani M. (Mohammad)
- Zandian H. (Hamed)
- Zar H. J. (Heather J.)
- Zerfu T. A. (Taddese Alemu)
- Zhang Y. (Yunquan)
- Ziapour A. (Arash)
- Zodpey S. (Sanjay)
- Zuniga Y. M. (Yves Miel H.)
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Abstract
Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities.
Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs.
Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4â40·7) to 50·3% (50·0â50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1â46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5â29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253â000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2â89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664â711) of the 1830 (1797â1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6â80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6â59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017.
Interpretation: Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation
Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis
- Author
- A A Essam
- Abd El-Rahman Hegazy Khedr
- Abd Elkhalek Sallam
- Abd Elrahman Elshafay
- Abdalla Gamal Saad
- Abdalla Gharib
- Abdalla Kenibar
- Abdallah Salah Elsherbiny
- Abdalrahman Adel
- Abdelaziz Abdelaal
- Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz Elhendawy
- Abdelfatah Hussein
- Abdelkader Belkouchi
- Abdelmalek Hrora
- Abdelrahman Adelshone
- Abdelrahman Alkammash
- Abdelrahman Assal
- Abdelrahman Geuoshy
- Abdelrahman Haroun
- Abdelrahman Mohammed
- Abdelrahman Sayed
- Abdelrahman Soliman
- Abdelrhman Essam Elnemr
- Abdelrhman Kz Darwish
- Abdelrhman Osama Elsebaaye
- Abdul Khalique
- Abdul Rehman Alvi
- Abdul Wahid Anwar
- Abdulaziz Altwijri
- Abdullah Al-Mallah
- Abdullah Almoflihi
- Abdullah Altamimi
- Abdullah Daqeeq
- Abdullah Dwydar
- Abdullah Gouda
- Abdullah Hashim
- Abdulmalik Altaf
- Abdulmalik Huwait
- Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty
- Abdulrahman M Altwigry
- Abdulrahman Sheshe
- Abdulrasheed A Nasir
- AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga Lawal
- Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou
- Abdurrahaman Sheshe
- Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq
- Abebe Bekele Zerihun
- Abeer Al-Shammari
- Abeer El Gendy
- Abeer Esam
- Abeer Marey
- Abhishek Mittal
- Abiboye Yifieyeh
- Abid Bin Mahamood
- Abidemi Adesuyi
- Abouelatta Khairy Aly
- Abrar Nawawi
- Adam Gyedu
- Ade Waterman
- Adedapo Osinowo
- Adedeji Fatuga
- Adel Albiety
- Adel B Hassanein
- Adel Denewar
- Adeleke Adekoya
- Ademola Adebanjo
- Ademola Adeyeye
- Ademola Popoola
- Adesina Adedeji
- Adesoji O Ademuyiwa
- Adesoji Tade
- Adewale Adeniyi
- Adewale O Adisa
- Adham Tarek
- Adomas Ladukas
- Adrian F Palma
- Afifatun Hasanah
- Afizah Salleh
- Afnan Abdelfatah
- Afnan Altamimi
- Afnan Altamini
- Agazi Fitsum
- Agboola Taiwo
- Ahamed Hassan
- Ahed Ghaben
- Ahmad Abdel Fattah
- Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati
- Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem
- Ahmad Aldalaq
- Ahmad Ali
- Ahmad Almallah
- Ahmad Alrifaie
- Ahmad Ashour
- Ahmad Bakr
- Ahmad Bani-Sadar
- Ahmad Bin Adnan
- Ahmad Elbatahgy
- Ahmad Faraz
- Ahmad Gudal
- Ahmad Hasan
- Ahmad Khaled Sabe
- Ahmad Khoja
- Ahmad Nashaat
- Ahmad Qaissieh
- Ahmad Sabe
- Ahmad Saber Sleem
- Ahmad Sakr
- Ahmad Shalabi
- Ahmad Uzair Qureshi
- Ahmed Aamer
- Ahmed Abd El Galeel
- Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny
- Ahmed Abd Elsameea
- Ahmed Abdelkareem
- Ahmed Abdelmotaleb Ghazy
- Ahmed Abo El Magd
- Ahmed Abo Elazayem
- Ahmed Adamu
- Ahmed Adel
- Ahmed Afandy
- Ahmed Ahmed
- Ahmed Al-Khatib
- Ahmed Alghamdi
- Ahmed Ali
- Ahmed Altibi
- Ahmed Alzahrani
- Ahmed Ata
- Ahmed Badr
- Ahmed Dahy
- Ahmed Diab
- Ahmed El Kashash
- Ahmed El Kholy
- Ahmed El-Sehily
- Ahmed Elgaili Khalid Musa
- Ahmed Elgebaly
- Ahmed Elkelany
- Ahmed Elkholy
- Ahmed Essam
- Ahmed Fahiem
- Ahmed Farag
- Ahmed Fawzy
- Ahmed Fouad
- Ahmed Gad
- Ahmed Ghanem
- Ahmed Gheith
- Ahmed Gomaa
- Ahmed Hafez El-Badri Kotb
- Ahmed Hammad
- Ahmed Hassan
- Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida
- Ahmed Ismail
- Ahmed Karim
- Ahmed Khyrallh
- Ahmed Lasheen
- Ahmed M Rashed
- Ahmed Magdy
- Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf
- Ahmed Menshawy
- Ahmed Meshref
- Ahmed Mohamed Afifi
- Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim
- Ahmed Mohameden
- Ahmed Mohammed
- Ahmed Mokhtar
- Ahmed Mosad
- Ahmed Moustafa
- Ahmed Moustafa Saeed
- Ahmed Negida
- Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed
- Ahmed Rabie Mohamed
- Ahmed Ragab Nayel
- Ahmed Ragab Soliman
- Ahmed Raslan
- Ahmed Raza
- Ahmed Refaat
- Ahmed Rslan
- Ahmed Sabry
- Ahmed Sabry El-Hamouly
- Ahmed Safwan Marey
- Ahmed Saidbadr
- Ahmed Sakr
- Ahmed Samir
- Ahmed Shahine
- Ahmed Sheta
- Ahmed Soliman
- Ahmed Tammam
- Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan
- Ahmed W Shamsedine
- Ahmed Zaki
- Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb
- Ahmed Zohair
- Ahmedali M Kandil
- Ahmedglal Elnagar
- Ahsan Zil-E-Ali
- Aijaz Jabbar
- Ailsa Claire Snaith
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- Ajayesh Mistry
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- Alan Baird
- Alan Grant
- Alasdair Ball
- Alban Cacurri
- Albert Mohale Mphatsoe
- Alberto Realis Luc
- Alejandro Matheu
- Alejandro Munera
- Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada
- Alessandro Favero
- Alessio Maniscalco
- Alexander Canta Calua
- Alexander J Fowler
- Alexandra Gerosa
- Alexandre Horobjowsky
- Alexandre Venancio De Sousa
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- Alfio Alessandro Russo
- Alfredo Gulielmi
- Ali Ababneh
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- Ethar Hany
- Etienne Courboin
- Eu Xian Lee
- Euan Macdonald
- Eugene Niyirera
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- Ewan Macdermid
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- Eyad Khalifah
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- Fabian Deichsel
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- Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali
- Syed Altaf Naqvi
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- Sylvia Batista Lemaire
- Sylvie Mochet
- Syrine Rekhis
- T Ariani Widiastini
- Tagang Ebogo Ngwa
- Taha Yusufali
- Taher Al-Taher
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- Tahir Yaseen
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- Tewodros Worku
- Thamer Nouh
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- Thelma Tembo
- Thelma Xerri
- Theodore Pezas
- Theodosios Theodosopoulos
- Thiago Fernandes Giuriato
- Thierry Alihonou
- Thomas Feidantsis
- Thomas Fozard
- Thomas G Weiser
- Thomas M Drake
- Thomas Olagboyega Olajide
- Thomas Pinkney
- Thomas Prudhomme
- Thomas Sherman
- Thomas Tetens Moe
- Thuraya Alzayat
- Thusitha Sampath Hettiarachchi
- Tien Seng Bryan Lee
- Timothy White
- Tina Gaarder
- Tobias Schuetz
- Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra
- Tolg Cecilia
- Tom Am Malik
- Tom Arthur
- Tom Falconer Hall
- Tomas Abaliksta
- Tomas Jankus
- Tomas PoĆĄkus
- Tommaso Bocchetti
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- Tommaso Fontana
- Tony Mak
- Toqa Khafagy
- Torhild Veen
- Trude Beate Wold
- Tsz-Yan Katie Chan
- Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat
- Tunde Sholadoye
- Twc Mak
- Tyler Rouse
- Tzu-Ling Chen
- Uday Muddebihal
- Ufuk Karabacak
- Ulf Gunnarsson
- Ulf Gustafsson
- Umar Muktar
- Umberto Tedeschi
- Umme Salma
- Usama Hantour
- Uthman Alamoudi
- Valdemaras Jotautas
- Valentine Parent
- Vanessa Dina Palomino Castillo
- Vanessa Msosa
- Vania Guglielmo
- Vania Silvestri
- Vasileios Despotidis
- Vasileios Kalles
- Vasiliki Soulou
- Vassilis Kalles
- Veereanna Shatkar
- Venerand Barendegere
- Veronica Grassi
- Veronica Lazzari
- Vicky Jennings
- Victor Dassah
- Victor Etwire
- Victor Kong
- Victor Manuel Quintero Riaza
- Victor Nwinee
- Victoria K Proctor
- Vijaid Upadhyaya
- Vijay Gadhvi
- Viktorija Ambrozeviciute
- Viktorija Nevieraite
- Ville Sallinen
- Vimalakanthan Thanusan
- Vincas Jonas Banaitis
- Virgilijus Beisa
- Viviana Sollazzo
- Vivien Graffieille
- Vizir Jean Paul Nsengimana
- Vladimir Khokha
- Vollmer Sebastian
- Vu Thanh Hien Le
- Vytautas GaiĆŸauskas
- Vytautas Lipnickas
- Wahid Anwer
- Wai Cheong Soon
- Wai Him Lam
- Wairimu Ndegwa
- Waleed Thabet
- Walid Adham
- Walter Forno
- Walter Ruiz Panez
- Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir
- Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake
- Ward Hamsho
- Wasim Dar
- Wedyan Alhazmi
- Wei Guo
- Weiguang Ho
- Weihei Dao
- Wendy Leslie Messa Aguilar
- Wennweoi Goh
- Wifanto Saditya Jeo
- Wilfredo Pino
- William Appeadu-Mensah
- William Beasley
- William Bonney
- William Hutch
- William J Lossius
- William Milligan
- Willy Alcca Ticona
- Wing Sum Li
- Witold Chachulski
- Xavier Delforge
- Xianelle Rodriguez
- Xinwei Low
- Xue Wei Chan
- Ya Theng Neo
- Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou
- Yahaya Ukwenya
- Yahya Salama
- Yaseen Rajjoub
- Yasmein Ibrahim
- Yasmin Abd-Elrasoul
- Yasmin Elfouly
- Yasmin Hegazy
- Yasmin Soliman
- Yasser Abd El Salam
- Yee Wen Tan
- Yehia Zakaria
- Yella Reddy
- Yi Koon Tan
- Yi Ting Mok
- Yih Jeng Cheong
- Yiing Yee Gan
- Yishan Der
- Yogendra Praveen Mogan
- Yomna Allam
- Yomna Hosny Asar
- Yong Yong Tew
- Yousef Abuowda
- Yousra El Shoura
- Ysabel Esthefany Alejos BermĂșdez
- Yuk Hong Eric Cheung
- Yuksel Altinel
- Yung Kok Ng
- Yuri Macchitella
- Yves Aigrain
- YĂŒcel Cengiz
- Zaher Mikwar
- Zahra Jaffry
- Zain Ali Khan
- Zainab Iftikhar
- Zaynab M Elsayed
- Zhongtao Zhang
- Zi Hao Sam
- Zigmantas UrnieĆŸius
- Zilvinas Dambrauskas
- Zineb Bentounsi
- Zygimantas Tverskis
- Publication venue
- 'Oxford University Press (OUP)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US 92492millionusingapproach1and73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was 95004millionusingapproach1and75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially
Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis
- Author
- Aahlin Eirik Kjus
- Aamer Ahmed
- Aaniana Kenneth
- Ababneh Ali
- Abaliksta Tomas
- Abantanga Francis
- Abbas Mohamed
- Abbasy Jibran
- Abbo Olivier
- Abbouch Meryem
- Abd-Elmawla Manar
- Abd-Elrasoul Yasmin
- Abdallah Emad
- Abdel-Aty Abdulrahman
- Abdel-Hameed Noran
- Abdel-Kader Sara Mahmoud
- Abdel-Wahab Nehal Yosri Elsayed
- Abdelaal Abdelaziz
- Abdelaty Mohamed
- Abdelazeam Anan Rady
- Abdelazim Galaleldin
- Abdelaziz Mohamed A
- Abdelbadeai Kholoud
- Abdelfatah Afnan
- AbdelFattah Ibrahim
- Abdelgelil Asmaa
- Abdelghany Sarah
- Abdelhady Samar
- Abdelhamed Rasha
- Abdelhamid Amina
- Abdelhaq Aram
- Abdelkader Mostafa
- Abdelkader Omar
- Abdelkareem Ahmed
- Abdelkhalek Mohamed
- Abdelmageed Eman
- Abdelmotaleb Ibrahem
- Abdelraheim Mohamed
- Abdelraouf Ahmed Mahmoud
- Abdelrouf Doaa Maher
- Abdelshafy Mahmoud
- Abdelshakour Mahmoud
- Abdrabou Abdulshafi Khaled
- Abdul-Latif Saiba
- Abdulaziz Hager
- Abdulbagi Omar
- Abdulgawad Mahmoud
- Abdulhakeem Eman Mahmoud
- Abdullah Mohamed Abozed
- Abdullah Nik Azim Nik
- Abdullah Noha
- Abdullahi Lawal
- Abdurrazzaaq Abdussemiu
- Abebe Nebiyou Seyoum
- Abebe Nebyou Seyoum
- Abem Owusu Emmanuel
- Abiola Olajide
- Aboarab Aya
- Aboelella Majed
- Aboelmagd Omnia
- Aboelsoud Moustafa R.
- Aboraya Metwally
- Aboraya Mohammad
- Abouelnasr Alaa
- Aboul-Naga Mariam Saad
- Abouzahra Amany
- Abouzaid Arwa
- Abozaid Mohamed
- Abozeid Khaled
- Abozyed Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi
- Abu-toyour Maram
- Abubakr Marwan
- Abudeeb Haytham
- Abuowda Yousef
- Abuqwaider Eman
- Abusalem Lana
- Abuseif Mohamed
- Abushamleh Soha
- Ackom Eric
- Acquah Emmanuel
- Adam Nourhan
- Adams Ryan
- Adamu Ahmed
- Adawi Ihdaa
- Adawi Mohammad
- Adebanjo Ademola
- Adebola Oluwaseyi
- Adedeji Adesina
- Adekoya Adeleke
- Adel Abdalrahman
- Adel Ahmed
- Adel Badr Eldin
- Adel Israa
- Adella Fidelis Jacklyn
- Adelshone Abdelrahman
- Ademuyiwa Adesoji O
- Adenekan Babajide
- Adeniran James
- Adeniyi Adewale
- Adesanya Opeoluwa
- Adesina Alaba
- Adesuyi Abidemi
- Adeyeye Ademola
- Adham Walid
- Adhitama Novia
- Adil Muhammad
- Adisa Adewale O
- Adnan Ahmad Bin
- Adu-Aryee Niiarmah
- Afana Samah
- Afandy Ahmed
- Afifi Ahmed Mohamed
- Africa South
- Agalianos Christos
- Agarwal Arnav
- Agbedinu Kwabena
- Agius Marija
- Aglan Amro
- Aguilar Wendy Leslie Messa
- Aguilar-Jimenez Jose
- Aguilera Maria Lorena
- Aguilera Omar
- Aguilera-Arevalo Maria-Lorena
- Ahlonsou Germain
- Ahlqvist Sandra
- Ahmed Ahmed
- Ahmed Asdaq
- Ahmed Ataa
- Ahmed Emad Ali
- Ahmed Hala
- Ahmed Hayam
- Ahmed Hussien
- Ahmed Lopna Ahmed Mohamed
- Ahmed Sara
- Ahmed Saraibrahim
- Ahmed Soliman Magdy
- Ahounou Ernest Yemalin Stephane
- Aigrain Yves
- Ajah Jonathan
- Ajai Olalekan
- Ajao Akinlabi E
- Ajiboye Anthony
- Akatibo Emmanuel
- Akeel Nouf
- Akoto Elliot
- Al-Aarag Asmaa Abdel-Rahman
- Al-Azraqi Israa Abdullah Aziz
- Al-Buhaisi Alaa
- Al-Dakka Emad
- Al-Faifi Jubran J
- Al-faqawi Maha
- Al-farram Hadeel
- Al-Hameedi Hasan Ismael Ibraheem
- Al-Hasani Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad
- Al-khatib Ahmed
- Al-Mallah Abdullah
- Al-Marakby Dina
- Al-Mousa Mashael
- Al-Nahrawi Safwat
- Al-Obaedi Ossama
- Al-saqqa Sara
- Al-Saqqa Sara W
- Al-shammari Abeer
- Al-Slaibi Ibrahim
- Al-taher Taher
- Alada Muslimat
- Alahmady Omar
- Alakaloko Felix
- Alaloul Enas
- Alamin Shadid
- Alamoudi Mohammed
- Alamoudi Uthman
- Albeladi Bandar
- Albiety Adel
- Aldalaq Ahmad
- Aldhafeeri Salman
- Aledrisy Mohannad
- Alexander Philip
- Alexandre Challine
- Alfarsi Muayad Ahmed
- Alghamdi Ahmed
- Alghamdi Basim
- Alghamdi Masood
- Alghamdi Mohammed Saleh A.
- Algohary Osama
- Alhabli Ibrahim
- Alhady Khaled
- Alhassan Basmah
- Alhazmi Wedyan
- Alhendy Mohammed
- Alherz Mohammad
- Ali Ahmad
- Ali Ahmed
- Ali Ased
- Ali Citra Dewi Mohd
- Ali Elsayed
- Ali Farah Mahmoud
- Ali Hussein
- Ali Safia
- Ali Samuel Sani
- Ali Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan
- Ali Tebian Hassanein Ahmed
- Alihonou Thierry
- Alimi Quentin
- Aliyu Halima
- Aliyu Mohammad
- Aliyu Shamsudeen
- Aljboor Khaled
- Aljiffry Murad
- Aljohani Emad
- Aljohani Saud
- Alkaaki Aroub
- Alkammash Abdelrahman
- Alkelani Muhammad
- Alkhabbaz Dalia
- Allam Meran
- Allam Mostafa
- Allam Yomna
- Allegri Andrea
- Allen John Lee Y
- Almallah Ahmad
- Almanon Christel Leanne
- Almoflihi Abdullah
- Almuallem Sultan
- Almy Jack
- Alnaby Mohamed Hassab
- Alnawam Ehab
- Alnuqaydan Saleh A.
- Alnusairat Aseel
- Alomar Ibrahim N.
- Alqahtani Enas
- Alqahtani Saleh
- Alrahawy Mahmoud
- Alrajraji Mawaddah
- Alrifaie Ahmad
- AlRowais Mohammed
- Alsaggaf Mohammed
- Alsaggaf Mohammed Ubaid
- Alser Osaid H.
- Alshareef Reham
- Altaf Abdulmalik
- Altamimi Abdullah
- Altamimi Afnan
- Altamini Afnan
- Altarayra Marwa
- Althwainy Amani
- Altibi Ahmed
- Altinel Yuksel
- Altoe Fernanda
- Altwigry Abdulrahman M.
- Altwijri Abdulaziz
- Alvarez Ismael Isaac Zelada
- Alvi Abdul Rehman
- Alwafai Mohammad Ghassan
- Aly Abouelatta Khairy
- Aly Mohammed Yahia Mohamed
- Alyacoubi Said
- Alyahya Reem
- Alyami Rifan
- AlYoussef Ibrahim
- Alzahrani Ahmed
- Alzahrani Mohammed
- Alzayat Thuraya
- Aman Nowrin F.
- Amandito Radhian
- Ambrozeviciute Viktorija
- Ameen Mohamed
- Amer Mohamed A
- Amin Hager Abdul Aziz
- Amin Jasim
- Amin Shadid Al
- Amjad Mohammadasim
- Ammar Mohamed
- Ammar Mohamed Sabry
- Amoah Michael
- Amoako Joachim
- Amoako Philip Taah
- Amoako-Boateng Mabel
- Amole Isaac
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- Elsawy Amira
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- Elsayed Mohammed
- Elsayed Nada Ahmed Reda
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- Farinella Eriberto
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- Fergusson Stuart J
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- Fowler Alexander J
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- Har Prisca A. L.
- Haraux Elodie
- Haroun Abdelrahman
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- Suarez Alibeth Andres Baquero
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- Tackie Enoch
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- Tade Adesoji
- Taha Emad Mohamed Saeed
- Tahboub Haya
- Taher Ayman And
- Taher Mustafa Mohammed
- Taieb Chouikh
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- Taiwo Ogechukwu
- Talaat Muhammed
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- Tariq Sherif
- Tata Mahadevan Deva
- Tatagiba Luiza Sarmento
- Tawfik Badreldin Adel
- Tawfik Gehad
- Teasdale Ella
- Tedeschi Umberto
- Tedjaatmadja Chintya
- Telfah Muwaffaq Mezeil
- Tembo Thelma
- Temoche Edilberto
- Teo Shuang Yi
- Tessera Gaetano
- Teufelberger Gerfried
- Tew Yong Yong
- Tewari Shirish
- Thabet Waleed
- Thanusan Vimalakanthan
- Tharmalingam Shivanee
- Theodosopoulos Theodosios
- Thollot Aurore
- Thomas Efeson
- Thomas Hannah S
- Thompson Ben
- Thorarinsdottir Hildur
- Thorell Anders
- Thorsen Kenneth
- Ticona Willy Alcca
- Timothy Oyediran Kehinde
- Ting Jesse Ron Swire
- Toeema Aliaa Gamal
- Toit Frederick Du
- Tolba Hager
- Tolg Cecilia
- Tolonen Matti
- Tolotra Todisoa Emmanuella Christina
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- Torres Carla Pierina GarciÌa
- Torres Shalon Guevara
- Trompetto Mario
- Tselos Angelos
- Tshisola Serge Kapenda
- Tugnoli Gregorio
- Tun Aung Kyaw
- Tun Myint
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- Turkustani Sondos
- Turner Megan
- Tutino Roberta
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- Tyler Robert
- Tze R. Goh Ern
- Tze Reuben Goh Ern
- Tzikos Georgios
- Ubiali Paolo
- Ugalde Paul
- Ukwenya Yahaya
- Uluşahin Mehmet
- Upadhyaya Vijaid
- Upchurch Emma
- Urbanavicius Linas
- UrniezÌius Zigmantas
- Urquizu Mario Contreras
- Usaityte Ausrine
- UsÌcÌinas Laimonas
- Utter Maria
- Uzabumwana Norbert
- Vaicius Arturas
- Valcarcel-SaldanÌa MariÌa
- Valioulis Ioannis
- Vargas Marvin
- Varkalys Karolis
- Vartic Mihaela
- Vasquez Giorgio
- Vasquez Idelso
- Veen Torhild
- Vega Gustavo Miguel Machain
- Velasquez Ricardo
- VelaÌsquez Armando JoseÌ RomaÌn
- VelaÌsquez Carlos IvaÌn PeÌrez
- Vella-Baldacchino Martinique
- Venclauskas Linas
- Vendramin Elena
- Venskutonis Donatas
- Venugopal Caranj
- Verjee Azmina
- Vermaas Maarten
- Veronese Ezio
- Vianna Julia Guasti Pinto
- Vicario Erika
- Vida Lucian Corneliu
- VilcÌinskas Mantas
- Villa Roberta
- Villalobos Santiago
- Vimalachandran Dale
- Vincent Joe
- Violi Paola
- VisÌinskas Petras
- Vivekanantham Sayinthen
- Vlachogiorgos Apostolos
- Vollmer Sebastian
- Voulgaris Evangelos
- Wael Noha
- Wagener Mark
- Waleed Hamza
- WaleÌšdziak Maciej
- Walsh Michael
- Waqar Muhammad
- Warda Mahmoud
- Warren Oliver
- Waterman Ade
- Watts Anna
- Weber Beatrix
- Weber Per
- Weiser Thomas G
- Wheeler James
- Whitaker John
- White Timothy
- Whitehurst Katharine
- Wiborg Joachim
- Widiastini T Ariani
- Wild Jonathan R L
- Williams Omolara
- Wilson Ling
- Wilson Michael
- Witherspoon Paul
- Wogensen Fredrik
- Woin Evelina
- Wold Trude Beate
- Wolf Bernhard
- Wondimu Sahlu
- Wondoh Paul
- Wong Chee Siong
- Wong Chui Yee
- Wong Hong Yee
- Wood Greta
- Woodward Helen
- Worku Mengistu
- Worku Tewodros
- Wredberg Cecilia
- Wright Naomi J
- Xerri Thelma
- Yahaya Muhammad Taqiyuddin
- Yakubu Musah
- Yam Sir Young
- Yang James
- Yaseen Tahir
- Yaseen Tahir Muhammad
- Yavuz Mehmet Ali
- Ye Joselyn
- Yeang Li Jing
- Yeo Lee Shi
- Yeung Man Hon Andrew
- Yifieyeh Abiboye
- Yip Chingwan
- Yip Sebastian Bernardo Shu
- Ymeri Shpetim
- Yoganathan Pigeneswaren
- Yong Cheryl Ou
- Yong Guo Liang
- Youssef Daniel
- Youssef Haney
- Youssef Mohamed
- Youssif Jehad Hassan
- Yuksek Mahmut Arif
- Yusufali Taha
- Zaa'treh Rula
- Zachariades Dimitris-Christos
- Zadoroznas Antanas
- Zahran Diaaaldin
- Zakaria Esraay
- Zakaria Mahmoud
- Zakaria Yehia
- Zaki Ahmed
- Zalabia Mohamed F
- Zamarin Kresimir
- Zammit Stefan
- Zampitis Nikolaos
- Zani Augusto
- Zanini Nicola
- Zapata Felipe
- Zarb Ciskje
- Zardab Ali
- Zegarra Sergio
- Zerihun Abebe Bekele
- Zhang Zhongtao
- Zheng Fei
- Zidan Hagar
- Zidan Mohamed
- Ziff Oliver
- Zil-E-Ali Ahsan
- Zohair Ahmed
- Zuber Markus
- Zulkifli Athirah
- ZÌilinskas Justas
- ZÌilinskieneÌ Reda
- ZÌiubryteÌ Greta
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US 92492millionusingapproach1and73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was 95004millionusingapproach1and75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially
Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950â2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Author
- Aali Amirali
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Jaffar
- Abbasgholizadeh Rouzbeh
- Abbasi Madineh Akram
- Abbasian Mohammadreza
- Abd ElHafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdelwahab Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdoun Meriem
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abdurehman Ame Mehadi
- Abebe Mesfin
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Armita
- Abegaz Tadesse M
- Abeldaño Zuñiga Roberto Ariel
- Abhilash E S
- Abiodun Olugbenga Olusola
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abouzid Mohamed
- Abreu Lucas GuimarĂŁes
- Abrha Woldu Aberhe
- Abrigo Michael R M
- Abtahi Dariush
- Abu Rumeileh Samir
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen ME
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Aburuz Salahdein
- Acuna Juan Manuel
- Adair Tim
- Addo Isaac Yeboah
- Adebayo Oladimeji M
- Adegboye Oyelola A
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Aden Bashir
- Adepoju Abiola Victor
- Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun
- Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther
- Adeyomoye Olorunsola Israel
- Adha Rishan
- Adibi Amin
- Adikusuma Wirawan
- Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
- Adra Saryia
- Afework Abel
- Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
- Afraz Ali
- Afyouni Shadi
- Afzal Saira
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Aghamiri Shahin
- Agodi Antonella
- Agyemang-Duah Williams
- Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Muayyad M
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud
- Ahmadzade Mohadese
- Ahmed Ayman
- Ahmed Haroon
- Ahmed Luai A
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Syed Anees
- Ajami Marjan
- Aji Budi
- Ajumobi Olufemi
- Akalu Gizachew Taddesse
- Akara Essona Matatom
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Akkala Sreelatha
- Akyirem Samuel
- Al Hamad Hanadi
- Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz
- Al Homsi Ammar
- Al Qadire Mohammad
- AL-Ahdal Tareq Mohammed Ali
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-amer Rasmieh Mustafa
- Al-Eyadhy Ayman
- Al-Gheethi Adel Ali Saeed
- Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled
- Al-Jumaily Adel
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali Ali
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M
- Al-Sabah Salman Khalifah
- Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A
- Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
- Ala Moein
- Aladelusi Timothy Olukunle
- Alalalmeh Samer O
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Manjurul
- Alam Zufishan
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M
- Albashtawy Mohammed
- AlBataineh Mohammad T
- Aldridge Robert W
- Alemi Sharifullah
- Alhabib Khalid F
- Alhalaiqa Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji
- Ali Abid
- Ali Akhtar
- Ali Beriwan Abdulqadir
- Ali Hassam
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
- Ali Syed Shujait Shujait
- Ali Zahid
- Alian Samakkhah Shohreh
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Aligol Mohammad
- Alimi Rasoul
- Aliyi Ahmednur Adem
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Almahmeed Wael
- Almazan Joseph Uy
- Almidani Omar
- Alomari Mahmoud A
- Alonso Nivaldo
- Alqahtani Jaber S
- Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen
- Altaf Awais
- Altirkawi Khalid A
- Alvi Farrukh Jawad
- Alwafi Hassan
- Aly Hany
- Alzoubi Karem H
- Amare Azmeraw T
- Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
- Amhare Abebe Feyissa
- Amin Tarek Tawfik
- Amindarolzarbi Alireza
- Aminian Dehkordi Javad
- Amiri Sohrab
- Amu Hubert
- Amugsi Dickson A
- Amzat Jimoh
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Andrade Pedro Prata
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Angappan Dhanalakshmi
- Anil Abhishek
- Anjum Afifa
- Antony Catherine M
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anuoluwa Iyadunni Adesola
- Anwar Sumadi Lukman
- Anyasodor Anayochukwu Edward
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Aqeel Muhammad
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arabzadeh Bahri Razman
- Arafat Mosab
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y
- AraĂșjo Ana Margarida
- Aremu Abdulfatai
- Ariffin Hany
- Aripov Timur
- Armocida Benedetta
- Arooj Mahwish
- Artamonov Anton A
- Artanti Kurnia Dwi
- Arulappan Judie
- Aruleba Idowu Thomas
- Aruleba Raphael Taiwo
- Arumugam Ashokan
- Asaad Malke
- Asgary Saeed
- Ashemo Mubarek Yesse
- Ashraf Muhammad
- Asika Marvellous O
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atreya Alok
- Attia Sameh
- Aujayeb Avinash
- Avan Abolfazl
- Awotidebe Adedapo Wasiu
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Ayele Getnet Melaku
- Ayuso-Mateos Jose L
- Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad
- Azadnajafabad Sina
- Azhar Gulrez Shah
- Aziz Shahkaar
- Azzam Ahmed Y
- Babashahi Mina
- Babu Abraham Samuel
- Badar Muhammad
- Badawi Alaa
- Badiye Ashish D
- Baghdadi Soroush
- Bagheri Nasser
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- Bahadorikhalili Saeed
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- Bai Ruhai
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- Bakkannavar Shankar M
- Bako Abdulaziz T
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Balogun Saliu A
- Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin
- Bam Kiran
- Banach Maciej
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- Banik Biswajit
- Banik Palash Chandra
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- Barati Shirin
- Barchitta Martina
- Bardhan Mainak
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barone-Adesi Francesco
- Barqawi Hiba Jawdat
- Barr Ronald D
- Barrero Lope H
- Basharat Zarrin
- Bashir Asma'u I J
- Bashiru Hameed Akande
- Baskaran Pritish
- Basnyat Buddha
- Bassat Quique
- Basso JoĂŁo Diogo
- Basu Saurav
- Batra Kavita
- Batra Ravi
- Baune Bernhard T
- Bayati Mohsen
- Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew
- Beaney Thomas
- Bedi Neeraj
- Begum Tahmina
- Behboudi Emad
- Behnoush Amir Hossein
- Beiranvand Maryam
- Bejarano Ramirez Diana Fernanda
- Belgaumi Uzma Iqbal
- Bell Michelle L
- Bello Aminu K
- Bello Muhammad Bashir
- Bello Olorunjuwon Omolaja
- Belo Luis
- Beloukas Apostolos
- Bendak Salaheddine
- Bennett Derrick A
- Bensenor Isabela M
- Benzian Habib
- Berezvai Zombor
- Berman Adam E
- Bermudez Amiel Nazer C
- Bettencourt Paulo J G
- Beyene Habtamu B
- Beyene Kebede A
- Bhagat Devidas S
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhalla Ashish
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhardwaj Nikha
- Bhardwaj Pankaj
- Bhardwaj Prarthna V
- Bhargava Ashish
- Bhaskar Sonu
- Bhat Vivek
- Bhatti Gurjit Kaur
- Bhatti Jasvinder Singh
- Bhatti Manpreet S
- Bhatti Rajbir
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bikbov Boris
- Binmadi Nada
- Bintoro Bagas Suryo
- Biondi Antonio
- Bisignano Catherine
- Bisulli Francesca
- Biswas Atanu
- Biswas Raaj Kishore
- Bitaraf Saeid
- BjĂžrge Tone
- Bleyer Archie
- Boampong Mary Sefa
- Bodolica Virginia
- Bodunrin Aadam Olalekan
- Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi
- Bonakdar Hashemi Milad
- Bonny Aime
- Bora Basara Berrak
- Bora Kaustubh
- Borodo Safiya Bala
- Borschmann Rohan
- Botero Carvajal Alejandro
- Bouaoud Souad
- Boudalia Sofiane
- Boyko Edward J
- Bragazzi Nicola Luigi
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brenner Hermann
- Britton Gabrielle
- Browne Annie J
- Brunoni Andre R
- Bulamu Norma B
- Bulto Lemma N
- Buonsenso Danilo
- Burkart Katrin
- Burns Richard A
- Burugina Nagaraja Sharath
- Busse Reinhard
- Bustanji Yasser
- Butt Zahid A
- Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano
- Cai Tianji
- Calina Daniela
- Campos Luciana Aparecida
- Campos-Nonato Ismael R
- Cao Chao
- Cardenas Carlos Alberto
- Carr Sinclair
- Carreras Giulia
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- Carugno Andrea
- Carvalho Felix
- Carvalho MĂĄrcia
- Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio
- Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A
- Castelpietra Giulio
- CatalĂĄ-LĂłpez FerrĂĄn
- Catapano Alberico L
- Cattaruzza Maria Sofia
- Caye Arthur
- Cederroth Christopher R
- Cembranel Francieli
- Cenderadewi Muthia
- Cercy Kelly M
- Cerin Ester
- Cevik Muge
- ChacĂłn-Uscamaita Pamela R Uscamaita
- Chahine Yaacoub
- Chakraborty Chiranjib
- Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai
- Chang Chin-Kuo
- Charalampous Periklis
- Charan Jaykaran
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou Victoria
- Chavula Malizgani Paul
- Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad
- Chen An-Tian
- Chen Haowei
- Chen Lingxiao
- Chen Meng Xuan
- Chen Simiao
- Cherbuin Nicolas
- Chew Derek S
- Chi Gerald
- Chirinos-Caceres Jesus Lorenzo
- Chitheer Abdulaal
- Cho So Mi Jemma
- Cho William C S
- Chong Bryan
- Chopra Hitesh
- Choudhary Rahul
- Chowdhury Rajiv
- Chu Dinh-Toi
- Chukwu Isaac Sunday
- Chung Eric
- Chung Eunice
- Chung Sheng-Chia
- Cini Karly I
- Clark Cain C T
- Coberly Kaleb
- Columbus Alyssa
- Comfort Haley
- Conde Joao
- Conti Sara
- Cortesi Paolo Angelo
- Costa Vera Marisa
- Cousin Ewerton
- Cowden Richard G
- Criqui Michael H
- Cruz-Martins NatĂĄlia
- Culbreth Garland T
- Cullen Patricia
- Cunningham Matthew
- CĂĄmera Luis Alberto
- CĂĄrdenas Rosario
- D'Amico Emanuele
- da Silva e Silva Daniel
- Dadana Sriharsha
- Dadras Omid
- Dai Zhaoli
- Dalal Koustuv
- Dalli Lachlan L
- Damiani Giovanni
- Daneshvar Sara
- Darwesh Aso Mohammad
- Das Jai K
- Das Saswati
- Dash Nihar Ranjan
- Dashti Mohsen
- Davis Weaver Nicole
- Davletov Kairat
- De Leo Diego
- Debele Aklilu Tamire
- Degenhardt Louisa
- Dehbandi Reza
- Deitesfeld Lee
- Delgado-Enciso Ivan
- Delgado-Ortiz Laura
- Demant Daniel
- Demessa Berecha Hundessa
- Demetriades Andreas K
- Deng Xinlei
- Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar
- Deribe Kebede
- Dervenis Nikolaos
- Des Jarlais Don C
- Desai Hardik Dineshbhai
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- Dias da Silva Diana
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- Ding Delaney D
- Dirac M Ashworth
- Dixit Abhinav
- Dixit Shilpi Gupta
- do Prado Camila Bruneli
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- Elhadi Muhammed
- Elmeligy Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
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- Emeto Theophilus I
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- Farrokhpour Hossein
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- Fekadu Ginenus
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- Feroze Abdullah Hamid
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- Fischer Florian
- Flavel Joanne
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- Gaipov Abduzhappar
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- Galali Yaseen
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- Gandhi Aravind P
- Ganesan Balasankar
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- Gerema Urge
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- Getachew Tamirat
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- Ghafourifard Mansour
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- Ghanbarnia Mohammad Javad
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- Shahid Izza
- Shahid Samiah
- Shahid Wajeehah
- Shahwan Moyad Jamal
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shakeri Alireza
- Shakil Husain
- Sham Sunder
- Shamim Muhammad Aaqib
- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Shamshad Hina
- Shamshirgaran Mohammad Ali
- Shamsi Mohammad Anas
- Shanawaz Mohd
- Shankar Abhishek
- Sharfaei Sadaf
- Sharifan Amin
- Shariff Mariam
- Sharifi-Rad Javad
- Sharma Manoj
- Sharma Rajesh
- Sharma Saurab
- Sharma Vishal
- Shastry Rajesh P
- Shavandi Amin
- Shaw David H
- Shayan Amir Mehdi
- Shehabeldine Amr Mohamed Elsayed
- Sheikh Aziz
- Sheikhi Rahim Ali
- Shen Jiabin
- Shenoy Manjunath Mala
- Shetty B Suresh Kumar
- Shetty Ranjitha S
- Shey Robert Adamu
- Shiani Amir
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shiferaw Desalegn
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Jae Il
- Shin Min-Jeong
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shittu Aminu
- Shiue Ivy
- Shivakumar K M
- Shivarov Velizar
- Shool Sina
- Shrestha Sunil
- Shuja Kanwar Hamza
- Shuval Kerem
- Si Yafei
- Sibhat Migbar Mekonnen
- Siddig Emmanuel Edwar
- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Silva JoĂŁo Pedro
- Silva LuĂs Manuel Lopes Rodrigues
- Silva Soraia
- Simpson Colin R
- SimÔes Jorge Piano
- Singal Anjali
- Singh Abhinav
- Singh Aditya
- Singh Ambrish
- Singh Balbir Bagicha
- Singh Baljinder
- Singh Mahendra
- Singh Mayank
- Singh Narinder Pal
- Singh Paramdeep
- Singh Surjit
- Siraj Md Shahjahan
- Sitas Freddy
- Sivakumar Shravan
- Skryabin Valentin Yurievich
- Skryabina Anna Aleksandrovna
- Sleet David A
- Slepak Erica Leigh N
- Sohrabi Hanye
- Soleimani Hamidreza
- Soliman Sameh S M
- Solmi Marco
- Solomon Yonatan
- Song Yimeng
- Sorensen Reed J D
- Soriano Joan B
- Soyiri Ireneous N
- Spartalis Michael
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T
- Starnes Joseph R
- Starodubov Vladimir I
- Starodubova Antonina V
- Stefan Simona CÄtÄlina
- Stein Dan J
- Steinbeis Fridolin
- Steiropoulos Paschalis
- Stockfelt Leo
- Stokes Mark A
- Stortecky Stefan
- Stranges Saverio
- Stroumpoulis Konstantinos
- Suleman Muhammad
- Suliankatchi Abdulkader Rizwan
- Sultana Abida
- Sun Jing
- Sunkersing David
- Susanty Sri
- Swain Chandan Kumar
- Sykes Bryan L
- Szarpak Lukasz
- Szeto Mindy D
- SzĂłcska MiklĂłs
- Tabaee Damavandi Payam
- Tabatabaei Malazy Ozra
- Tabatabaeizadeh Seyed-Amir
- Tabatabai Shima
- Tabb Karen M
- Tabish Mohammad
- Taborda-Barata Luis M
- Tabuchi Takahiro
- Tadesse Birkneh Tilahun
- Taheri Abkenar Yasaman
- Taheri Soodejani Moslem
- Taheri Amirmasoud
- Taherkhani Amir
- Taiba Jabeen
- Tajbakhsh Ardeshir
- Talaat Iman M
- Talukder Ashis
- Tamuzi Jacques Lukenze
- Tan Ker-Kan
- Tang Haosu
- Tang Hong K
- Tat Nathan Y
- Tat Vivian Y
- Tavakoli Oliaee Razieh
- Tavangar Seyed Mohammad
- Taveira Nuno
- Tebeje Tsion Mulat
- Tefera Yibekal Manaye
- Teimoori Mojtaba
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Temsah Reem Mohamad Hani
- Teramoto Masayuki
- Tesfaye Solomon Hailemariam
- Thangaraju Pugazhenthan
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Thapa Rajshree
- Thapar Rekha
- Thomas Nihal
- Thrift Amanda G
- Thum Chern Choong Chern
- Tian Jing
- Tichopad Ales
- Ticoalu Jansje Henny Vera
- Tiruye Tenaw Yimer
- Tohidast Seyed Abolfazl
- Tonelli Marcello
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Tram Khai Hoan
- Tran Nghia Minh
- Trico Domenico
- Trihandini Indang
- Tromans Samuel Joseph
- Truong Vien T
- Truyen Thien Tan Tri Tai
- Tsermpini Evangelia Eirini
- Tumurkhuu Munkhtuya
- Tung Kang
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Ubah Chukwudi S
- Udoakang Aniefiok John
- Udoh Arit
- Ulhaq Inam
- Ullah Saeed
- Ullah Sana
- Umair Muhammad
- Umar Tungki Pratama
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
- Umesh Anushri
- Unim Brigid
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Upadhyay Era
- Urso Daniele
- Vacante Marco
- Vahdani Amir Mohammad
- Vaithinathan Asokan Govindaraj
- Valadan Tahbaz Sahel
- Valizadeh Rohollah
- Van den Eynde Jef
- Varavikova Elena
- Varga Orsolya
- Varma Siddhartha Alluri
- Vart Priya
- Varthya Shoban Babu
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Veerman Lennert J
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Venugopal Deneshkumar
- Verghese Nicholas Alexander
- Verma Madhur
- Verma Pratibha
- Veroux Massimiliano
- Verras Georgios-Ioannis
- Vervoort Dominique
- Vieira Rafael José
- Villafañe Jorge Hugo
- Villani Leonardo
- Villanueva Gabriela Ines
- Villeneuve Paul J
- Violante Francesco S
- Visontay Rachel
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vo Bay
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Volovat Simona Ruxandra
- Volovici Victor
- Vongpradith Avina
- Vos Theo
- Vujcic Isidora S
- Vukovic Rade
- Wado Yohannes Dibaba
- Wafa Hatem A
- Waheed Yasir
- Wamai Richard G
- Wang Cong
- Wang Denny
- Wang Fang
- Wang Shu
- Wang Song
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Ward Paul
- Watson Stefanie
- Weaver Marcia R
- Weerakoon Kosala Gayan
- Weiss Daniel J
- Weldemariam Abrha Hailay
- Wells Katherine M
- Wen Yi Feng
- Werdecker Andrea
- Westerman Ronny
- Wickramasinghe Dakshitha Praneeth
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Wilson Shadrach
- Wojewodzic Marcin W
- Wool Eve E
- Woolf Anthony D
- Wu Dongze
- Wulandari Ratna Dwi
- Xiao Hong
- Xu Bin
- Xu Xiaoyue
- Yadav Lalit
- Yaghoubi Sajad
- Yang Lin
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yao Yao
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yesera Gesila Endashaw
- Yesodharan Renjulal
- Yesuf Subah Abderehim
- Yip Paul
- YiÄit Arzu
- YiÄit Vahit
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- You Yuyi
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zafari Nima
- Zahedi Mohammad
- Zahid Muhammad Nauman
- Zahir Mazyar
- Zakham Fathiah
- Zaki Nazar
- Zakzuk Josefina
- Zamagni Giulia
- Zaman Burhan Abdullah
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamora Nelson
- Zand Ramin
- Zandi Milad
- Zandieh Ghazal G Z
- ZanghĂŹ Aurora
- Zare Iman
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zeariya Mohammed G M
- Zeng Youjie
- Zhai Chunxia
- Zhang Chen
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Hongwei
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhaofeng
- Zhang Zhenyu
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhao Yang
- Zhao Yong
- Zheng Peng
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Bin
- Zhu Zhaohua
- Ziaeefar Pardis
- ZieliĆska Magdalena
- Zou Zhiyong
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zweck Elric
- Zyoud Samer H
- Ć ekerija Mario
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/03/2024
- Field of study
BackgroundEstimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020â21 COVID-19 pandemic period.Methods22â223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30â763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31â642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution.FindingsGlobal all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5â65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020â21; 5·1% [0·9â9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98â5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50â6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126â137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7â17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100â000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8â24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7â51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9â72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0â2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67â8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4â52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0â44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations.InterpretationGlobal adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic
Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries
- Author
- Aarts Frits
- Ababneh Hazim
- Abad-Motos Ane
- Abaidalla Ahmed
- Abbakar Malaz
- Abd El Aal Ahmed
- Abd-Errazik Mohammad Ahmad
- Abdalradiy Abdalrahmman G
- Abdelkhalek Mohamed
- Abdelkhalek Mostafa
- Abdellatif Ahmed
- Abdellatif Mohamed
- Abdelsaid Kirolas
- Abdou Khaled
- Abdulfatah Mustapha
- Abdullah Mohammad Amer
- Abdullahi Mustapha Miko Mohammed
- AbellĂĄn Antonio Melero
- Abeysinghe Nayana
- Abiyere Henry
- Achimas-Cadariu Patriciu Andrei
- Adakaya Sıla
- Adam Nicolas
- Adams Benita
- Adams Ferdinand
- Adegboye Kazeem
- Adeyeye Ademola
- Adra Lama
- Adu-Poku Patricia
- Afuwape Oludolapo
- Afzal Ameer
- Afzal Muhammad Farooq
- Agapov Mihail
- Agara Daniel
- Aggarwal Manisha
- Agger Erika
- Aghadi Ifeanyi Kene
- Ahmed Amjed Yassir
- Ahmed Haleemasahdia
- Ahmed Khalil
- Ahmed Manar
- Ahmed Masood
- Ahmed Safia
- Ahn Hong Min
- Aibe Raquel
- Aigner Felix
- Aissat Abdenour
- Aitbaeva Arai
- Akay Omer
- Akbar Ali
- Akbas Ahmet
- Akere Abidemi
- Akesen Selcan
- Akgun Erhan
- Akhtar Naseem
- Akın Emrah
- Akova Elif
- Aktas Serhat
- Akçay Ăzlem
- Al Masri Mahmoud
- Al-Alnsi Ahmed
- Al-Hutheifi Roqia'A
- Al-Jarrah Amar
- Al-Naggar Hamza
- Al-Shehari Mohammed
- Alamin Nadeen
- Alawi Raneen
- Alawlaqi Dina
- Alawneh Fade
- Alberola Maria José
- Albers Michael
- Alcolea Natalia GonzĂĄlez
- Aleem Muhammad
- Alegre InĂȘs
- Alegre Javier Martinez
- Alexandre Flavia
- Alexandrescu Corina
- Alexnder Abelevich
- Alexopoulou Kalliopi
- Alfonso Beatriz AmorĂłs
- Ali Ahmed
- Ali Che Saniati Che
- Ali Danish
- Ali Madeeha
- Ali Mahmoud Abdelwahab
- Ali Manhal Hashim
- Ali Noura Al
- Alikhanli Jhale
- Aliyeva Zumrud
- Aliyu Mohammed
- Aljawder Hasan
- Allen Kate
- Almahmeed Ebrahim
- Alonso Alfredo
- Alonso Javier Etreros
- Alsamneh Muneer
- Alsayadi Ramzi
- Altinel Yuksel
- Altintoprak Fatih
- Altomare Donato F
- Alvarenga Isabella
- Alvarez Laura Jimenez
- Alvarez-Bautista Francisco Emmanuel
- Alvarez-DĂez Marcos
- Alves Brenda Chayanny
- Amadigwe Rita
- Amado Andreia
- Amado FabĂola
- Amador Cristina GarcĂa
- Amanullah Nazli
- Amaral HĂ©lida Aline Tomacheski
- Amaral Luis
- Amin-Tai Hizami
- Aminu Bashiru
- Amir Ahmad Suhaimi
- Ammar Ahmed Siddique
- Ammar Mona Ahmed
- Ammendola Michele
- Ammerata Giorgio
- Amorim Edgar
- Ancans Guntis
- Anderson Tom
- Andrade Diogo
- Andrejevic Predrag
- AndrĂ©s Beatriz DĂaz San
- Anestiadou Elissavet
- Ang Chin Wee
- Angelo Franceschi
- Anokhin Evgeny
- Anoldo Pietro
- Antakia Ramez
- Anton Majd
- Antonelli Serena
- Antropoli Carmine
- Anula Rocio
- Anwar Jamal
- Anyadike Florence
- Apostolakidou Magda
- Apostolidi Eirini
- Aprea Giovanni
- Arabadzhiev Angel
- Arakawa Satoshi
- Arauz Jazmin
- Aravindan U
- Aremu Abdurrahman
- Aremu Isiaka
- Argawy Osama
- Arican Can
- Arida Zahed Abu
- Armellin Claudia
- Arnaoutoglou Eleni
- Arreguy-Borges Kanthya
- Artigot Mariano
- Arturi Alessandro
- Arulappan Nirupama
- Arya Shobhit
- Arynov Ardak
- Asaad Peter
- Asano Yukio
- Ascari Francesca
- Asgarov Mohsum
- Ashmawy Soad
- Aslam Muhammad Imran
- Assimakopoulou Elena
- Assis Ana
- Astilleta Romina
- Atanasov Boyko
- Atendido Tiffany
- Athanasakis Elias
- Atici Semra Demirli
- Avellaneda Nicholas
- Avellaneda Nicolas
- Avseren Goksu
- Awead Marwa
- Ayandipo Omobolaji
- Aybar Engin
- Aydin Funda
- Aydin Gaye
- Ayoub Kusay
- Aytac Erman
- Aytaç Erman
- Azevedo Jose
- Azevedo Patricia
- Azhar Najia
- Aziz Gowhar
- Azman Zairul Azwan Mohd
- AĆkar Ahmet
- Babatunde Olanrewaju
- Badawi Marwa
- Baek Jeong-Heum
- Baez Noelia FernĂĄndez
- Baeza-Murcia Melody
- Bagnardi Francesco
- Baharom Salahudin
- Baik Seung Hyuk
- Baimakhanov Abylai
- Bains Lovenish
- Baker Aleksandra
- Bakmaz Bernarda
- Bala Abubakar Muhammad
- Balaban Vladimir
- Balalis Dimitrios
- Balasubramaniam Dinesh
- Balathayalan Yathev
- Baldi Claudio
- Balestri Riccardo
- Balfour James
- Ballah Abubakar
- Ballian Nikiforos
- Balooshi Iman Al
- Baloyiannis Ioannis
- Bamford Richard
- Bandar Mahdi Al
- Banham Gail
- Bannoud Mohammad Hassan
- Baptista Victor
- Baral Jörg
- Barbalace Nicolas
- Barbato Giuseppe
- Barbosa Anderson
- Bareka Metaxia
- Baris Baver
- Barradas Renato
- Barreda Sara Castillo
- Barrena-Blazquez Silvestra
- Barton Jess
- Bartosiak Katarzyna
- Bashilkina Olga
- Bashir Mohammed
- Basile Raffaele
- Basnyat Pradeep
- Batool Sana
- Bautista Wilson Manuel SĂĄnchez
- Bayhan ZĂŒlfĂŒ
- Bayo José Manuel Muros
- BayĂłn Raquel Ălvaro
- Baños Pedro Antonio Parra
- Beard David
- Bedzhanyan Arkady
- Behilil Chakib
- Bekele Kebebe
- Belarmino Armin
- Belay Million
- Belev Nikolay
- Bellato Vittoria
- BeltrĂĄn de Heredia Juan
- Belvedere Angela
- Benetti Emilio
- Benetti Sara
- Bengueddach Aicha
- Benjelloun El Bachir
- Benkabbou Amine
- Bennett James
- Bensafir Salim
- Bergamini Carlo
- Bernotaite Vlada
- Beron Reinaldo Isaacs
- Bethune Robert
- Bezede Cosmin
- Beznosenko Andriy
- Bhangu Aneel
- Bhargava Aman
- Bhat Rama Rani Krishna
- Bianchi Romina
- Bianco Francesco
- Bigoni Irene
- Binetti Margherita
- Bintintan Vasile
- Biondi Alberto
- Biondo Santino Antonio
- Bisgin Tayfun
- Bisheet George
- Bissett Ian
- Biswas Jyotirmoy
- Blackwell Sue
- Blanco Pablo
- Blanco Raquel RĂos
- Blanco-Colino Ruth
- Blasco Laura Fraile
- Blazquez-Martin Alma
- Bobadilla Billy Jimenez
- Bocancia Raluca
- Boccia Giuseppe
- Bogatikov Alexander
- Bolanle Olajide Edward
- Bomfa-Barbosa Alysson
- Bompou Effrosyni
- Bonardello Michela
- Bonci Eduard-Alexandru
- Bordom Daniel Osei
- Borges Filipe
- Borghi Felice
- Boschiero Matheus Negri
- Bose Bodhisattva
- Bouchagier Konstantinos
- Boudjenan-Serradj Nabil
- Boudoux Sabrina
- Bourazani Maria
- Boyce Stephen
- Bozbiyik Osman
- Bracale Umberto
- Brachini Gioia
- Bradulskis Saulius
- Brainsa Eneida
- Brandström Gustav
- Braumille Markus
- Bravo Ana Minaya
- Bravo Raquel
- Bredikhin Mikhail
- Brito Noelia
- Bruni Andrea
- Buccianti Piero
- Buchs Nicolas
- Buchwald Pamela
- Budnikova Ina
- BudrikienÄ Rima
- Buey Lourdes
- Buijs Louis
- Buleje Jorge Alejandro Benavides
- Burlov Nikita
- Butt Anam
- Byshetty Rajendar
- Bywater Edward
- Bzikha Ilham
- BĂĄnky BalĂĄzs
- BĂŠlum Jens Kristian
- Caballero-Delgado Javier
- Cabrera Claudia
- Cafranga EstĂbaliz GutiĂ©rrez
- Cagnazzo Federica
- Calabria Mariangela
- Calabro' Marcello
- Caliendo Domenico
- Calin Camelia
- Caliskan Cemil
- Callan Rory
- Callari Cosimo
- Caltea Mihaela
- Calvo Almudena Castro
- Camacho Amparo
- Cammarata Francesco
- Campanati Renato
- Campanelli Michela
- Campbell Marion
- Canals LucĂa Otazu
- Canda Aras Emre
- Cano-Matias Auxiliadora
- Cao Victor Hugo Bruno
- Capolupo Gabriella Teresa
- Cappiello Antonio
- Capuano Marianna
- Capusan Alina
- Carannante Filippo
- Carbone Ludovico
- Cardelli Stefano
- Carden Claire
- Cardoso Diogo
- Caricato Marco
- Carlin Patricia Saez
- Carlini Massimo
- Carlos Sandra
- Carneros Virginia Jimenez
- Carosso Fabio
- Caroço Teresa Vieira
- Carpelan Anu
- Carpenter Holly
- Carrascosa-Morales Irene
- Carrie Augusto
- Carrizo Claudia
- Carta Giuseppina
- Carvalho Alexandre
- Carvello Michele
- Casanova Daniel
- Cascais Raquel
- Cassia Gabriela
- Castaldi Antonio
- Castaño Renata
- Castiglioni Simone
- Castillo Enrique Roca
- Castro Marta Cuartero
- Catalano Pablo
- Cato Liam
- Caz Esra
- Cebolla Elena Sagarra
- Cecchini Ilaria
- CeldrĂĄn Rebeca GonzĂĄlez
- Celik Hale Kefeli
- Ceretti Andrea Pisani
- Ceron Silvia Ferrer
- Cervellera Maurizio
- Cervone Carmela
- Chacko Anil
- Chandrasinghe Pramodh
- Charakopoulou Alexandra
- Chardalias Leonidas
- Chaturvedi Arun
- Chatzikomnitsa Paraskevi
- Chaudhari Abhishek
- Chaudhry Sanjay
- Chawla Tabish
- Chee Corissa
- Chen Nevin
- Cheng Kuang I
- Chiarugi Massimo
- Chisthi Meer
- Chitnis Abhishek
- Chitul Andrei
- Chmielewski Gaspard
- Cholewa Hanna
- Chornet Marta RosellĂł
- Chowdhary Manish
- Chowdhury Sharfuddin
- Chowdhury Sharfuddin M
- Chowdri Nisar
- Christensen Peter
- Christodoulidis Grigorios
- Chrysos Emmanuel
- Chua Lorna
- Chubukova Natlia
- Chung Jun Seong
- Church Robert
- Chwat Carina
- Ciabattari Paula
- Cianchi Fabio
- Cianci Pasquale
- Ciccarese Angelo Antonio
- Ciftci Ahmet Burak
- Cigagna Luca
- Cini Charles
- Ciotarla Danut Constantin
- Cirocchi Nicholas
- Ciubotaru Cezar
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- Ck Harikumar
- Clark Thomas
- Clarke Nicola
- Coccolini Federico
- Codes Lina
- Coelho Ana Margarida
- Cois Alessandro
- Coladonato Massimiliano
- Colak Elif
- Coldwell Chris
- Collins Jen
- Colombo Francesco
- ColĂĄs-Ruiz Enrique
- Conceição Luis
- Conde Juan Guillermo Ais
- Connolly Lewis
- Conversano Ivana
- Convertini Ornella
- Cook Esther
- Cooke Fiachra
- Coppolino Francesco
- Coratti Francesco
- Cordeiro Lisbete
- Correia Angela
- Correia DĂ©bora
- Cortes Bruno Giusti Werneck
- Cortés Guillermo Felipe Valderas
- Coskun Nurcan
- Costa Breno Xaia Martins
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- Cour Kenn La
- Crabtree Nicholas
- Creavin Ben
- Cremonini Camilla
- Crescentini Giacomo
- CricrĂŹ Michele
- Crisan Dana
- Cristian Daniel
- Croce Gianni Di
- Cruz Isabela
- Cucinotta Eugenio
- Cuichan Marco Vinicio Yugsi
- Cullinane Carolyn
- Cuneo Davide
- Cunha Miguel
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- Oggianu Silvia
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- Yew Chor Kuan
- Yılmaz GĂŒlseren
- Yilmazlar Tuncay
- YiÄit Direnç
- Yoldas Tayfun
- Yonekura Hiroshi
- Yorkmui Liu
- Yoshino Kenji
- Younes Lina
- Young Trudi
- Yule Michael
- Yusoff Zakiah Mohd
- Zaari Fatimazahraa
- Zabiyaka Mikhail
- ZadroĆŒna Monika
- Zafar Madiha
- Zagaynov Eugeny
- Zaidi Syed-Nadeem
- Zaimis Tilemachos
- Zain Wan Zainira Wan
- Zainy Rhendra Hardy Mohamad
- Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen
- Zakaria Maheen
- Zakaria Zaidi
- Zamudio-Bautista Jorge Luis
- Zanc Loredana
- Zanoni Andrea
- Zanus Giacomo
- Zapparoli Alessandro
- Zappone Anna
- Zarzava Eirini
- Zatari Dirar
- Zawadzki Marek
- Zayakov Georgi
- Zaycev Andrey
- Zazo Aya
- Zazo Rama
- Zdravkovic Maja
- Zengin Abdullah KaÄan
- Zeringa Georgia
- Zimmerman David D E
- Zuhdy Mohammad
- Zvirych Vitalii
- Zywicka Ewa
- Ălvarez-Llano Laura
- Ăngelo Miguel Duarte
- ĂSullivan Sara Nuñez
- Ăzçelik Mehmet Faik
- Äoza Ivo
- Ćanlı Ahmet Necati
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Background
Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks.
Methods
The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned.
Results
A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31).
Conclusion
Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)