The Influence of Canyon Asymmetry on Heating and Cooling Energy Demand of Buildings in the Mediterranean Climate of the Gaza Strip

This paper shows the effect of canyon asymmetry on the energy consumption of buildings in the Mediterranean climate of the Gaza strip. The study was conducted using threedimensional computer models, namely, ECOTECT and IDA ICE. The ratio of the opposite buildings heights ranging from 0.2 to 3.2 were examined in the study at two different orientations, which are (EW) and (NS). The results showed that the asymmetrical profiles seemed to have a significant influence on the thermal response of buildings. The ratio which ranges between 1.2 to 2.0 is more preferable for both cooling and heating requirements. The received solar radiation is reduced by 14.02% and 55.02% in summer with increasing the buildings heights ratio at (NS) and (EW) streets respectively from 1.0 to 3.2. Asymmetrical canyon with the highest ratio provides the maximum energy savings throughout the year especially in the upper floors. About 29.53% of energy consumption can be reduced by choosing the opposite building height equal to the examined building height+ 5floor. Therefore, the study recommends to utilize the advantages of the different heights of buildings in achieving shading on the roof and building’s façades for the purpose of energy saving

Controlling the half-step mode operation of the variable reluctance stepper motor by using Mamdani type of fuzzy logic controller

This paper proposed the step angle controlling of the half-step mode operation of the variable reluctance stepper motor (VRSM) by using Mamdani type of fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The MATLAB program was used to achieve the approach. The VRSM that was used in this paper has six stator poles and four rotor poles. The VRSM has three phases that represent the input variables and the step angle represents the output variable in the FLC in MATLAB. Membership functions were created for the input and output variables. The rules of the FLC were built in MATLAB. The theoretical step angles results of the VRSM were obtained by using mathematically equation while the practical results were obtained by using MATLAB. The obtained results are closer to the actual results depending on the comparison between the theoretical and practical readings. These results were written in table and were plotted in figure

Analysis and Comparative Master Plan of Hindiya City with its Morphological Development

The master plan of the city most important planning tools to regulate land uses, where, and to meet the needs of the citizens for different services, according to the criteria and indicators developed in order to achieve the well-being of its population, and thus control the growth of the city and the various trends. The study goals to research the essence of the difference between the master plan of the stomach with the reality of the situation and the causes of non-implementation of these designs as planned, and compared to the present uses planned and implemented with the standards of planning to determine the efficiency of services provided to residents of this city. And found through search changes non studied in land use within the master plan the result of political decisions which have been under which convert some of the uses of green areas and public buildings to residential uses, in addition to the nonimplementation of the master plans fully despite the end of the time period for the implementation of this design, and the lack of conformity and planned uses of the land implementing to the current criteria planning and by following a lack of services provided to residents of this city, and the city suffers addition, there are many residential areas as a result of non-implementation of the master plan and irregular random fragmentation of the groves, which led to increased pressure on servicesresidential neighborhoods adjacent to these areas. One of the main conclusions of her research that the master plan of the Hindiya city has not been prepared in accordance with the contexts of planning, in addition tonot rely on the principle of feedback at the implementation, which occur randomly in the implementation, and thus the lack of the master plan for which it was intended. And study recommended the necessity meet the needs of the city from different services to get to the level of planning standards, in addition to the fast development of treatments for residential areas irregulars by preparing designs and sectoral its regularopen streets and provide them with the necessary services

PARAMETERS EFFECTS ON CONDUCTION-CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER IN RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE SANDWICHED BY FINITE THICKNESS WALLS

The effect of wall heat conduction on natural convection heat transfer in cavities has gained attention of many researchers in recent years due to its wide application areas in engineering such that building heating and cooling and thick enclosures , etc . In this work , we consider a two-dimensional numerical study of a rectangle cavity filled with an air with two vertical conductive walls of finite thickness . The enclosure is subjected to horizontal temperature gradient , the vertical boundaries are isothermal at different temperatures whereas the remaining walls are adiabatic .The theoretical study involved the numerical solution of the Navier-stokes and energy equations by using finite difference method . The stream-vorticity formulation was used in the mathematical model . The physical problem depends on five parameters : Rayleigh number (1000<Ra<1000000) , the Prandtl number (Pr=0.7) , the wall to fluid thermal conductivity ratio (0.1<=Kr<=10) , solid to fluid thickness ratio (0.5<=L1/L2<=1.5) , the ratio of (left or right) solid thickness to the height )(D=L1/H=0.5,0.6667,0.75) and the aspect ratio (H/L= 0.5,1,1.5) . The main focus of the study is on examining the effect of conduction in the wall on the natural convection flow .The results are presented to show the effect of these parameters on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics

New Gene Combinations Conferring Resistance to the Bacterial Blight Disease of Cotton

F2 plants comprising different gene combinations were evaluated for cotton bacterial blight resistance in the field of the Gezira Research Station and the greenhouse of the Plant Pathology Centre of the University of Gezira, Neshashiba, Wad Medani, during the autumn of 2002. Results generally showed significant differences between different gene combinations in resistance to the new race of the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. Leaf disease grades ranged from 4 to 6. Most of the plants fell into grade 5. Genotype 12, with expected gene combination of (B2B3B6B7B9B12), expressed the highest level of resistance with a mean disease grade of 4, while genotypes 7, 11 and 15 showed the lowest level of resistance with a mean disease grade of 6. The results indicated the importance of the genetic background B2B3B7 in improving resistance to both the old and the new races when one of the following major genes B4, B6, B9, and B12 is incorporated. In such background, resistance level improves as the number of genes increases. Therefore, the commercial resistant cultivars having B2B6 genetic background to the old race of the bacterium can be replaced by the genetic background involving B2B3B7 in addition to one of the four major genes mentioned above in order to protect the cotton crop. Genotypes 5, 6, 12, and 19 were recommended for further improvement as they expressed relatively high level of resistance to the pathogen. &nbsp

Genetic variability and interrelationships of grain yield and its components of irrigated rice in Gezira

Nineteen genotypes of irrigated rice were evaluated at the Gezira Research Station Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan, for two consecutive seasons (2004 and 2005) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. This study was conducted to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic variability, broad sense heritability and traits correlation with grain yield. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance were recorded for plant height and number of panicles/m2, and the lowest for number of tillers/plant, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity and panicle length, in both seasons. High heritability estimates (>80%) were recorded for plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity and 1000-grain weight. The highest estimate of heritability combined with the highest genetic advance as percentage of the mean was shown by plant height and 1000-grain weight, in both seasons. The high yielding genotypes were WITA5 (TOX 3255-82-1-3-2), IRI 3240-108-2-2-3(SAHEL.108)(FKR44) and TOX 3081-36-2-2-3-1. Their grain yields were 4.9, 4.9 and 4.6 t/ha, respectively. Grain yield/ha was significantly and negatively correlated with the percentage of unfilled grains/panicle, plant height and days to 50% flowering. How-ever, it was significantly and positively correlated with number of tillers/ plant, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight, in both seasons. Path coefficient analysis indicated that number of filled grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and number of panicles / m2 were the most directly related traits to grain yield/ha

First-order intertwining operators with position dependent mass and η\eta- weak-psuedo-Hermiticity generators

A Hermitian and an anti-Hermitian first-order intertwining operators are introduced and a class of $\eta$-weak-pseudo-Hermitian position-dependent mass (PDM) Hamiltonians are constructed. A corresponding reference-target $\eta$-weak-pseudo-Hermitian PDM -- Hamiltonians' map is suggested. Some $\eta$-weak-pseudo-Hermitian PT -symmetric Scarf II and periodic-type models are used as illustrative examples. Energy-levels crossing and flown-away states phenomena are reported for the resulting Scarf II spectrum. Some of the corresponding $\eta$-weak-pseudo-Hermitian Scarf II- and periodic-type-isospectral models (PT -symmetric and non-PT -symmetric) are given as products of the reference-target map.Comment: 11 pages, no figures, Revised/Expanded, more references added. To appear in the Int.J. Theor. Phy