Vegetation structure and floristic composition (Case study: Mala Galeh Protected area, Fars Province, Iran)

Identifying flora of each region is fundamental for accomplishing other pure and applied researches in biology. Especially, in the ecological conditions of protected area of Male Gale. Data were collected in 96 sampling plots using systematic­_ random method. The size of sampling plot was 20 m × 50 m for the tree and shrub species, and 8 m × 8 m for herbaceous species. In this study area, 162 species, 122 genera and 43 families were identified. The largest families were Asteraceae (26 species) and Fabaceae (25 species). The frequency of Asteraceae may be due to grazing in some areas of the region. The life form spectrum includes: Hemichryptophytes (14/01 %), Therophytes (65/4 %), Cryptophytes (76/9 %), Chamaephytes (7.1 %) and Phanerophytes (5.8 %). The abundance of Therophytes and Asteraceae family is refered to destruction of forests in the study area. The highest value of the SIV tree and shrub species layer belong to Quercus brantii species and ZIziphus Mummularia. The highest value of the FIV herbaceous layer belong to Asteraceae family. The Species Important Value (SIV) of vegetation cover indicated that tree, shrubs species and herbaceous species had geometric distribution, broken stick model and lognormal distribution in this area

Keefektifan pembelajaran berbantuan media indikator asam-basa alami dan konduktivitas bahan untuk merangsang minat belajar siswa

Landasan suatu negara maju yaitu sumber daya manusia yang memiliki sikap, keterampilan dan pengetahuan dalam mengolah sumber daya alam negaranya berdasarkan bidang yang mereka minati. Sumber daya manusia yang memiliki kriteria tersebut harus melalui suatu proses yang dapat diperoleh melalui proses pembelajaran yang mendorong mereka untuk menjadi produktif, kreatif, inovatif dan efektif. Aspek tersebut dapat dimiliki siswa jika mereka dalam proses pembelajaran dapat memiliki pengalaman langsung sehingga pembelajaran menjadi bermakna. Pembelajaran bermakna dapat diperoleh melalui kegiatan praktikum atau penggunakan media pembelajaran yang efektif. Berdasarkan landasan tersebut peneliti memanfaatkan media indikator asam basa alami dan konduktivitas bahan dalam merangsang minat belajar siswa pada pelajaran IPA. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di SMP IT Cordova yang meliputi perancangan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan pengukuran hasil. Pengukuran hasil untuk nilai kognitif siswa dengan tes dan pengukuran minat siswa melalui lembar kuesioner. Hasil analisis minat belajar siswa sebelum penggunaan media diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 74% dengan kategori cukup dan setelah penggunakan media pembelajaran diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 85% dengan kategori baik dan hasil nilai rata-rata kognitif siswa yaitu 90 dengan kategori tuntas

Keefektifan pembelajaran berbantuan media indikator asam-basa alami dan konduktivitas bahan untuk merangsang minat belajar siswa

Landasan suatu negara maju yaitu sumber daya manusia yang memiliki sikap, keterampilan dan pengetahuan dalam mengolah sumber daya alam negaranya berdasarkan bidang yang mereka minati. Sumber daya manusia yang memiliki kriteria tersebut harus melalui suatu proses yang dapat diperoleh melalui proses pembelajaran yang mendorong mereka untuk menjadi produktif, kreatif, inovatif dan efektif. Aspek tersebut dapat dimiliki siswa jika mereka dalam proses pembelajaran dapat memiliki pengalaman langsung sehingga pembelajaran menjadi bermakna. Pembelajaran bermakna dapat diperoleh melalui kegiatan praktikum atau penggunakan media pembelajaran yang efektif. Berdasarkan landasan tersebut peneliti memanfaatkan media indikator asam basa alami dan konduktivitas bahan dalam merangsang minat belajar siswa pada pelajaran IPA. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di SMP IT Cordova yang meliputi perancangan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan pengukuran hasil. Pengukuran hasil untuk nilai kognitif siswa dengan tes dan pengukuran minat siswa melalui lembar kuesioner. Hasil analisis minat belajar siswa sebelum penggunaan media diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 74% dengan kategori cukup dan setelah penggunakan media pembelajaran diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 85% dengan kategori baik dan hasil nilai rata-rata kognitif siswa yaitu 90 dengan kategori tuntas

Determination of Lead Concentration in High-consumed Commercial Fruit juices Marketed in Kerman city

Background: Due to the adverse effects of lead on human health, especially children, and high consumption of fruit juice in our population, this study was done to determine Lead concentration in the high-consumed commercial fruit juices marketed in Kerman (southeast of Iran). Methods: In a field study on fruit juices marketed in Kerman city, high-consumed fruit juices were determined. Three samples of each available brand for the selected high-consumed fruit juices were selected for analysis (a total of 123 samples). Wet acid digestion method with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide were used for digestion of the samples. Lead concentration in digested samples was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: Minimum and maximum lead concentrations were respectively 0.01417 and 0.0834 in grape juice, 0.0125 and 0.0269 in apple juice, 0.0071 and 0.0382 in peach juice and 0.0345 and 0.124 mg/L in orange juice. The highest lead concentration was found in orange juice samples. Conclusions: Lead concentration in all samples of fruit juices marketed in Kerman was lower than the recommended standard by World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Habitat Classification of Maharlu Wetland Using MedWet Classification System

Identifying the different habitats in wetlands is essential for their protection. This research was carried out with the aim of classifying habitat areas of Maharlu wetland in Fars province using MedWet, Mediterranean Wetland Habitat Classification System. Information on dominant vegetation cover, soil, and hydrology of the wetland was prepared using field surveys. The data on the water regime were obtained with quarterly satellite images from 2016-2019 in remote sensing media using ArcGIS. Sampling was performed for wetland plants and lake bed outcrops from 39 stations in May 2020. Plants were identified and classified on the basis of being an annual or perennial presence and submerged or floating. By stacking this information in ILWIS, different habitat zones were separated. Each was then specified using habitat international standard codes, and habitat maps were prepared. In total, 42 habitats were identified in the Maharlu wetland. The most prevalent habitats were palustrine–emergent–persistent–seasonally flooded–Mixosaline– (P-EPSX-) (14,797,300 m2), palustrine–emergent–persistent–temporarily flooded– Mixosaline (P-EPSX-) (296,600 m2), lacustrine–littoral–emergent–persistent–seasonally flooded–mixosaline– (LLEPSX) (2,079,900 m2), and lacustrine–littoral–emergent–persistent–Semipermanently flooded–mixosaline– (LLEPLX-) (493,000 m2). The results of this research in recognizing habitats are useful for the protection of ecosystem sections, especially plant communities

Pathology of urban management in the ethnic city (Case study: Nourabad city, Lorestan province)

Objective: Promotion of villages to cities at the center of the settlement of nomads and villagers have shaped a particular type of city in contemporary Iran. These cities have become the destination for nomadic and rural migration from the surrounding areas and with features such as rapid population growth, the weakness of political culture and social-spatial segregation, they have been caught up in a cycle of inefficiencies in urban management. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present paper is the pathology of urban management in the ethnic city. Methods: Current paper is analytical–descriptive according to nature. Requirement data and information were gathered by documentary and field methods. The population of the study consisted of citizens of Nourabad city and urban planners and specialists including municipality staffs, mayors and counselors of Nourabad municipality. According to Cochran''''s formula and financial and time constraints of the research, the sample size of the study consisted of 200 citizens and 60 urban management experts in the city of Nourabad. Results: The results of T-test indicate that, in terms of local residents, two factors of ethnicity and religious affiliation are significantly the most important factors affecting the way citizens choose the council members. In addition, according to respondents, lobbying and ethnicity were the most important measures in selecting the mayors. Citizens'''' satisfaction with the performance of Islamic councils in Nourabad city was at a low level and more than 68% of respondents expressed their dissatisfaction with the performance of the councils. The analysis of the opinions of mayors, counselors and employees of the municipality indicates that members of the city council interfere in the municipal administration in various ways, such as installing and disposing of personnel, interfering in the choice of the contractor, directing development projects to particular parts of the city. Conclusion: In a feedback process, the council derived from the socio-spatial structure based on ethnicity has led to the choice of the mayor on the basis of individual and ethnic interests and thereby, through interference with the municipal administration, has provided the ground for the inefficiency of urban management

Health Literacy among Women Referring to Healthcare Centers of Zanjan City, Iran: A Cross-sectional Study

Background and Objective: Health literacy refers to a collection of skills, which enable the individuals to read, hear, analyze, and decide on the health-related issues. The possession of these skills by women have a significant effect on the improvement of health and happiness in their family and community. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to determine health literacy level among the women referring to healthcare centers in Zanjan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 323 women referring to the urban healthcare centers of Zanjan in 2016. The study population was selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 21) using Pearson correlation test, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean health literacy among the participants was obtained as 71.56±17.8. According to the results, 22.6%, 22.3%, and 50.1% of the subjects had inadequate, borderline, and adequate health literacy, respectively. Furthermore, health literacy showed a significant relationship with education level (P<0.001) and occupational status (P=0.44). Conclusion: As the findings indicated, about half of the women had no favorable level of health literacy. Considering the critical role of women in preserving and promoting the health of their family and community, it is necessary to consider educational plan in order to improve the health literacy among this important group

Public COVID-19 vaccination acceptance: A narrative review of correlated factors

Following the discovery of the first instances of COVID-19 in nations and the subsequent announcement of a “pandemic” by WHO, worldwide efforts to identify efficient methods to combat COVID-19 began. One of the most effective solutions is to carry out widespread vaccination against the virus. Despite this, some members of the community refuse to be vaccinated. The present paper reviews the potential causes and factors correlating with people's hesitation to receive COVID-19 vaccines. This article is a narrative review paper. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using COVID-19, Vaccine, Acceptance, and Hesitancy keywords. Qualitative content analysis was performed and associated predictors with public vaccination acceptance were identified. According to the study,  hesitation in receiving COVID-19 vaccines, regardless of the countries, is significant among females, lower ages, lower education level, doubt about efficacy, and concerns about the safety of the vaccines, history of not receiving vaccines, especially the influenza vaccine, distrust of regional or national health officials, low level of health literacy and lack of information, fear of side effects and other complications, doubt of pharmaceutical companies and fear of lobbying, presence of chronic underlying diseases and comorbidities, lower socioeconomic status and racial or religious minorities. According to the results, several factors can influence individuals' uncertainty about COVID-19 vaccines. Given the importance of vaccinating the majority of the community to achieve mass immunity, healthcare systems should consider the vaccine acceptance rate to be a vital and substantial factor.Keywords: COVID-19; Vaccination Refusal; Review

A Declining Trend of 'Leishmaniasis' Based on Previous Data in Larstan, South of Iran 2007–2017

Introduction: 'Cutaneous Leishmaniasis' is a unicellular of the Leishmania type, and 0.7 to 1.2 million people are annually infected by 'Cutaneous Leishmaniasis'. Larestan is one of the southern cities of Fars Province. Every year, some issues of 'Cutaneous Leishmaniasis' are reported from Larestan. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of 'Cutaneous Leishmaniasis' in Larestan from 2007 to 2017. Methodology: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study which is carried out in Larestan. The study population consists of those people who are infected by 'Cutaneous Leishmaniasis' during 2007 to 2017 and are referred to health care centers. The methodology and data collection are done based on the recorded information. Results: Among 4,965 'Cutaneous Leishmaniasis' infected patients who referred to health care centers of Larestan, 2407 patients (48.47%) are males and 2558 patients (51.53%) are females. In the ten-year time period of the study, 1,315 (26.6%) were infected to 'Cutaneous Leishmaniasis' in 2010. The maximum infected group consisted of 1,303 patients ranging from 0–5 years old, and the minimum infected group consisted of 90 patients ranging from 55–60 years old. Discussion: This study showed that female subjects were more polluted in Larestan city. There is also a significant relationship between age and 'cutaneous leishmaniasis'. Finally, it was found that the disease in the city of Larestan has been decreasing

Penguatan Karakter Entrepreneur Mahasiswa Melalui Produk Inovasi Makanan Triangle Yellow Rice

Penguatan karakter entrepreneur mahasiswa dilakukan melalui kegiatan PKM-Kewirausahaan dengan produk makanan Triangle Yellow Rice. PKM-Kewirausahaan merupakan salah satu media untuk meningkatkan kreativitas mahasiswa dalam bidang kewirausahaan. Tahapan yang dilalui adalah survey minat calon konsumen, survey alat dan bahan, pembelian alat dan bahan, uji coba produk, promosi produk, produksi dan pengemasan produk, pemasaran produk, monitoring serta evaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil sulvey minat calon konsumenn, tidak ada calon konsumen yang tidak berminat terhadap produk Triangle Yellow Rice, 60,3% menyatakan berminat dan 39,7% menyatakan lumayan berminat. Penjualan rutin produk Triangle Yellow Rice dilakukan dua kali dalam seminggu. Mahasiswa mampu memperkenalkan produk Triangle Yellow Rice sehinga dikenal di pasaran dan terjadi trend penjualan yang bagus dalam pemasaran produk Triangle Yellow Rice